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ABSTRACT
Now a days image segmentation plays a vital role in defining and concluding the probability of risk in multi-
disciplinary areas, and by considering following distinguished segmentation procedures and protocols as the
benchmark for diagnosing process. After all, here the segmentation is going to be handled curiously in-depth for
making the satisfactory conclusion. Being segmentation is the most primary factor; still the medical fields are
facing the major problem in compromising the optimum result to continue the further diagnosis. Considering
the above fact, and by following the hybrid meta-heuristic with evolutionary approach [combination of
multilayer perceptron model and generalized swarm intelligence based Optimization techniques] for creating
the global best result and also focusing mainly on reduction of the complexity level for the highly risked
diseases.
Keywords: Optimization, Segmentation, Hybrid process, swarm intelligence approach.
II. RELATED RESEARCH WORKS all image segmentations.so by concluding this they
eventually fails to focus on (p-level), i.e. (accuracy
They discussed [1] elaborately about the
is not maintained as like other (object based
importance of segmentation by applying different
categorization) which is discussed mathematically
sort of techniques based on Threshold, Region and
in the paper named,
Classification of every points or (pixels) and finally
Object-based classification vs. pixel-based
based on models. The first two techniques are
classification [2] and comparative importance of
based on 2D image classification and remaining
multi-resolution imagery, Pages from [3, 4, 5]. The
two are with 3D based process, with this they
Figure 1 shows the different (value) for both object
conveyed in detail of all the technique
and pixel based classification.
characteristics and types in depth. Along with that
they fixed the fuzzy c mean algorithm can be
achieved only for the pixel categorization amongst
By discussing the different research works [3] and finalized the case with approximate results due to
the authors mentioned some disadvantages in using the disadvantages of distributed occurring of noise
the other related techniques, and he finally dealt and he indirectly related the gradient and laps
with the ACO as the proposed work for image techniques with Canny and Roberts still it stuck
Compression, Removal of noise, and typical edge with discontinuous mapping of edge lines.
Detection techniques, for complex problems and By considering the human brain image [5] for the
gets the positive feedback of signs and symptoms diagnosis of tumour through segmentation process
clearly, even though still there is a question mark in the combination of evolutionary algorithm through
compromising the exact probability percentage in the combination of PSO and differential evolution
imbalanced state because of extraction of closest for the segmentation process the performance is
neighbour by forming the unusual order. delivered by using the fuzzy thresholding of getting
The author [4] reveals the concept of edge the accurate segment of images and robust free
detection by using the systematic procedure and result. Though it produces the robust free result it
deals with two important concepts for noise fails to complete the theme of segmentation with
removal of the edges based on the basic Gaussians the abnormal tissues as well as the neighbour cells.
filtering in the consideration of object called
Shark, here he uses the edge detection techniques Here the author [6] explains the control flow of
called Roberts gradient and SP edge detection and entire algorithms under meta heuristic approach
canny method to get the exact optimal resulting by with the detailed image segmentation procedure
comparing with the distribution result, and by and made the collectively differentiated threshold
following the protocols of both methods he values of all the approaches and finalised that the
techniques he used has reached the better ends with combination of particular noise called
optimization result while comparing with all other salt and pepper.
techniques as follows. From the above table we can Even though the concept [8] used here mismatch
infer that all the algorithms were working well for with our title, but the techniques used is directly
the expected results but the result percentage varies related with our topic. The short note about the
with one other, but this comparative study varies topic is nothing, but based on routing works and
with different segmentation techniques for images how the signals are transmitted to the destination in
and with the different sensitive tumour cells. terms of using limited space, very minimum level
of storage capacity and computational power by
Table-1 Swarm Intelligence Comparison following the characteristics of ants designed the
new concept called ACO based routing protocol for
Hybrid Detection Fitness Quality considering the different paths and from that
Approach percentage result level choosing the best path as ant do. And the result is
compared and analysed with GA to prove that their
work is more efficient an essential for the routing
ACO Good Good Good
process.
In this paper [9] the author submits the satisfactory
Better Better
Better than comments of the proposed work (3-layer CNN) for
APSO than ACO than ACO
ACO & GA the general image processing techniques, by adding
&GA & GA
smoothening process and edge detection process as
the additional protocol with their work and related
GA Good Good Good
with the existing CNN (i.e. single layer and double
layer CNN) process to show that they have
Better Better Better
BFO enhanced their work with novelty to gain the higher
than GA than GA than GA
performance level in image processing. Though the
concept is strictly proved for the acceptance, but
ABCO Best Best Best
the author mentioned the missed out facts are here
as follows, like design template is not good enough
and performance result is still approximate.
overlapped and derives the best optimization result for the purpose of getting the optimized threshold
with comparison of other hybrid approach. value.
The segmentation is done [13] with an object Based on the segmentation time and image quality
based classification with multiple bonding is delivered as effective with the comparison of fish
structures for the achievement of region based swarm and genetic algorithm, based on the 2D
segmentation by following the structure of shuffled entropy model it still got the result in segmentation
frog leaping algorithm concentrating on colour time also as best as other.as per the comparison of
image. Still then failed to focus on noise removal speed, time, and fitness values, it proved that the
and the iteration are not minimized to get the best proposed technique works smarter than other
result. swarm intelligence model. But finally the edge
By taking the severity of particular brain tumours detection is covered based on approximation only.
classification, [14] going to be segmented using the By introducing [18] the chaotic based swarm
concept called (ANFIS) for the image enhancement intelligence focused on characteristics of birds for
and hybrid genetic approach for image accuracy, the purpose of segmentation on multi-scale images,
the image is extracted based on fuzzy approach, by by following the mathematical concepts using
following all sort of techniques for the entire mean median and SD as the base the author
segmentation process and results are tabled with revealed the optimization value which produces the
accuracy result. But still the segmented result ends optimal value for the consideration on CPSO and
with some set of noise. gets the better noise removal phase with less edge
Image segmentation [15] is classified with two clarity.
basic approaches called genetic algorithm and Image enhancement [19] problem is still in the
SVM for the extraction of affected cells from the consideration as non-sequential tragedy. Through
normal cell, and affected cells is differentiated with the proposed work as real coded PSO is concern
the results of deviations. Though the affected areas which takes the deep work to enhance the quality
are extracted from the whole segment, the by improving the contrast of the image by using
overlapped cells are still in the same stage, if we basic enhancement technique and it pushed to
followed the same for diagnosis it lead to the compare with the GA for the improvisation of the
critical position in surgery with the normal cells. work processed here, and deals with the edge
The main objective of the paper [16] is to protect detection and removal of noise, to got the better
and improve the quality of the image during result in the uniform distributed path the author
segmenting the cells. The authors used the considered the histogram value as approximately.
proposed concept in combination of genetic Improvising the enhanced image [20] is also a
algorithm and supervised fuzzy classification challenging task in segmentation process, the
techniques in watershed based segmentation authors chosen the logic based on fussy in PSO.
process. The high resolute pixels are combined and Providing all the image enhancement process in
extracted from the whole to notify as the affected; detail to maintain the colour in balanced way along
it may end up with noise. So to avoid that type of with improvements on the edges. By the end as the
noise they used this supervised concept by author mentioned like used PSO, .But still is in
matching the extracted images the proposed the consideration only, for future work.
method works well only for the particular sort of
images, by the way cannot predict the same result
will be exposed for the images with , MRI ,X-Ray
etc.
As per the detail [17] of the proposed paper the
authors focused on removal of noise in the SAR
based images which was captured through satellite,
as per the satellite image is concern the captured
image is segmented using the proposed model
called (ABC) as artificial bee colony optimization
Table 2-A Decision Making Table For Hybrid Based Meta-Heuristic Approach In Detail
Brain tumour segmentation using Image Compression, Removal of Optimization value is only approximate
swarm intelligence approach [2013]. noise, and typical edge Detection (missing the global best among the
techniques, for complex problems sliced cells) on edges of the affected
and gets the positive feedback of cells, so decision making is still
signs and symptoms clearly. confused.
A Comparison of various Edge The concept is based on noise in It works based on approximation only.
Detection Techniques used in Image edges, using Gaussian and canny Because, the affected cells can be
Processing [2012]. method for the noise removal process. overlapped with one other which leads
to difference in shape. So the noise
removal is bit tricky and cannot be
acceptable as long.
Segmentation of MRI brain Images The combination of alternate hybrid Though it produces the robust free
Using Particle Swarm Optimization approach for the segmentation result it fails to complete the theme of
and Differential Equation [2014]. process using fuzzy thresholding with segmentation with the abnormal tissues
multiple levels for getting the as well as the neighbour cells. As per
accurate segment of images and the fact, though the brain tumour cells
robust free result. may affect the neighbour region
gradually.
Segmentation of brain tumour using Using the algorithms under meta- Dealing with multiple image
Meta heuristic algorithm.[2014]. heuristic approach with the detailed segmentation process cannot be proceed
image segmentation process. And only with the approximation values, it
achieved the optimized result leads to serious problem for diagnosis.
A new swarm intelligence algorithm The image alignment process of using Following the proposed approach for
for image alignment. the advanced swarm intelligence better image alignment. But it ends with
(Detailed year is missed). called a new agent coordination combination of particular noise called
model. salt and pepper.
Image processing by 3 layer CNN with 3 layer CNN is used for image Design template and performance still
new layer arrangement [2013]. smoothening and edge detection with has to be improved.
good result
Automatic Multi-threshold Image Multiple thresholding process had Computation time can be improved.
Segmentation Using Meta- heuristic used four swarm intelligence
Algorithms [2015]. algorithms and got the minimum
error result.
A Fast Time Scale Genetic Algorithm Optimal fitness result is gained by Expected image size is achieved and
Based Image Segmentation Using using GA in CNN. computation time also.
Cellular Neural Networks (CNN)
[2007].
Improved Implementation of Brain ACO with fuzzy segmentation Will no longer works on overlapped
MRI image Segmentation using Ant techniques used for brain image cells on particular images.
Colony System [2010]. segmentation.
Colour Image Segmentation using Region based segmentation is used Cannot be considered as total noise has
Clonal Selection-based Shuffled Frog using frog leaping algorithm. been removed.
Leaping Algorithm [2009].
Brain Tumour Segmentation using Image segmentation and Image segmentation ends with addition
hybrid Genetic Algorithm and enhancement based on ANFIS, of noise.
Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy image accuracy is achieved.
Inference System (ANFIS)
[2012]
A Hybrid Approach for Automatic Genetic algorithm is used for image It works only for the normal images.
Classification of Brain MRI Using G.A segmentation and compared with Does not work with overlapped cells in
and S.V.M [2010]. SVM. the images.
Supervised Image Segmentation Using Watershed based segmentation Prediction of optimal result for other
Watershed Transform, Fuzzy process is used for segmentation in image like MRI, X-RAY etc. is quite
Classification and Evolutionary the combination of genetic tricky.
Computation [2010]. algorithm with fuzzy classified with
that.
SAR image segmentation based on The process is undergone for noise Edge detection is still approximate.
Artificial Bee Colony algorithm removal in SAR based images using
[2011]. (ABCO) and achieved, by
considering the comparison with GA
and FISH swarm, reduction in time,
and increased in quality.
Multi scale image segmentation using Multi scale image segmentation is Clarity on edged is not improved.
chaotic PSO [2015]. done using the CPSO in behalf of
SD result.
Image Enhancement Using PSO Image enhancement is done using Taking only the Approximation value
[2007]. PSO and compared with GA, and gains the histogram result, not by the
histogram is achieved. actual value.
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Improving the quality of colour The entire schema of PSO is not used
Based Image Enhancement Using image using fuzzy based PSO. for the improvisation on quality.
Fuzzy Logic [2015].
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the concepts, the status is revealed clearly that the REFERENCES
hybrid based meta- heuristic approach is going to be [1] Kenneth Sorensen,"Meta-heuristics the metaphor
considered as the best resource of all- and this is going to be exposed, from the University of ANT/OR, September
the stepping stone of different sort of segmentation process, 2012.
and the exact expected result will be achieved, and it clearly [2] Sugandha Singh, S. P., Tripathia, "A Survey on MRI
shows that we can reach the desired goal as we expect. Finally Brain Tumour Image Segmentation", Advances in
by considering this, the detection and decision making Computer science and Information Technology (ACSIT),
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9915:Volume 2,Number 4, april-june 2015.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT [3] Briand, L. C., Daly, J., and Wust, J., "a new swarm
intelligence algorithm for image alignment", Department
Author would like to thank Dr.M.Sornam Associate of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Italy.
Professor Department of Computer science, University of
Madras for the support. [4] ASSAS Quadra., "Segmentation of MR Brain Images
Using Particle Swarm Optimization (pso) and Differential
Evolution(DE)", Department of Computer
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