THEORY

PSYCHODYNAMIC/PSYCHOANALYTIC
*emphasize unconscious motives and the importance of
childhood experiences in shaping personality
*Neo-freudians: changed & renovated original theory focus
on social & cognitive factors

TRAIT

HUMANISTIC

COGNITIVE

BEHAVIORAL

OBJECT-RELATIONS
 PSYCHOLOGISTS

SIGMUND FREUD - psychoanalytic

* "sex (life instincts) and aggression (death/destructive instincts)" <<-primary instincts
*Levels of mental life (conscious, preconscious, unconscious) *phylogenetic endowment* *repression*
*5 Psychosexual Stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) penis envy >> electracomplex>>identification of mother
Oedipus complex >> castration complex >> identification of father
*PROVINCES OF THE MIND (id, ego, superego)
*Defense mechanisms protects self from anxiety
*ANXIETY 1. Neurotic anxiety- ego's relation to ID 2. Moral anxiety- guilt/conscience 3.Realistic anxiety- fear in outside world
*Techniques: 1.Free association- speak freely 2. Transference 3.Dream Analysis - "manifest content"-conscious "latent content" unconscious
4.Parapraxes- freudian slips (not chance of accidence
*Erogenious zone *Fixation

CARL JUNG- Analytical psychology "self-realization" or "individuation"

*Collective unconscious - primary drive of personality *Personal unconscious- "complexes"
*Archetypes - contents of collective unconscious 1. persona 2.shadow 3.anima 4.animu 5.great mother 6. wise old man 7. SELF
*DYNAMIC OF PERSONALITY: 1. causality and telology 2. progression and regression
*ATTITUDES: introversion/extraversion *FUNCTIONS: sensing, thinking, feeling, intuiting
>extraverted thinking type- fixed values/society's rules ; extraverted feeling type- emotional & conforms
>extraverted sensing type- seek new experiences;adaptable ; extraverted intuiting type- inspire others
>introverted thinking- private/aloof ; introverted feeling- withdrawn/cold/mysterious
>introverted sensing- positive/calm ; introverted intuiting- visionary/daydreamer
*TECHNIQUES: word association test, dream analysis, active imagination

ALFRED ADLER - Individual psychology or "striving for superiority" "uniqueness of a person"

*Inferiority complex and birth order influencing factors to personality
*SUPERIORITY: 1.INFERIORITY FEELINGS 2.COMPENSATION 3.INFERIORITY COMPLEX 4.MASCULINE PROTEST 5.SUPERIORITY COMPLEX
*FICTIONAL FINALISM- ultimate goal/final state of being
*teleology over causality *social interest- gemeinschaftgefuhl "community feeling"
*STYLE OF LIFE: Creative power- freely choose a personality
*MALADJUSTMENTS: 1. EXAGGERRATED PHYSICAL DEFECTS 2. PAMPERED STYLE OF LIFE 3. NEGLECTED STYLE OF LIFE
*Safeguarding tendencies: excuses, agression (result to self accusation) , withdrawal
*Family Constellation: 1st borns- power & superiority 2nd borns- strong social interest Youngest- pampered lack of independence

KAREN HORNEY - "self-realization" "feminine psychology"