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Kinds of Adverbs
5. An adverb of degree answers the question how much, how little or to what extent. It is also called an intensifier.
E.g. My assignment is almost done.
The work is nearly finished.
Degrees of Comparison
Positive Comparative Superlative
quickly more quickly most quickly
curiously more curiously most curiously
strictly less strictly least strictly
proudly less proudly least proudly
badly worse worst
well better best
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A Preposition is a word that expresses a relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence.
Examples
The garden is behind the cottage. (The preposition, behind, shows where the garden is in the relation to the cottage.)
We played scrabbles after lunch. (The preposition, after, shows a time relationship between lunch and when we played
basketball.)
The prepositions in italic type in the following list are used frequently in speaking and writing.
Prepositional Phrases
A preposition is usually followed by a noun or a pronoun, which is called the object of the preposition. The preposition
together with the object and its modifiers is called a prepositional phrase.
Example
Twenty dolphins performed like playful acrobats. (The prepositional phrase incudes the preposition, like, the modifier,
playful, and the object of the preposition, acrobats.)
A prepositional phrase may contain more than one object as in the following example:
prep obj obj
I vacuumed under the bed and the dressers.
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Some uses of the prepositions:
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E.g. Abortion is against the law.
20. over- above, across, more than
E.g. Spread the cloth over the table.
There are several bridges over the Pasig River.
The wallet contained over seven hundred pesos.
21. under- below or beneath
E.g. They remained under the shade to protect themselves from the burning sun.
22. through- by way of, by means of
E.g. The robber went through the window.
23. until- indicates a continuing situation that will come to an end in the future
E.g. I will be away until next Wednesday.
24. except- means but or minus
E.g. Everyone except Anya attended the luncheon.
25. onto- used to indicate that somebody or something is located on something, or moved toward it so as to be on it; making
discovery, often about something secret or illegal; in contact with a person or organization
E.g. I lifted my child onto my shoulders.
Hes really onto something big here.
Get onto the investors.
Kinds of Conjunctions
1. Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect words or groups of words having the same function in a sentence. They can
join various parts of speech or sentence parts: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, phrases, or clauses.
2. Correlative conjunctions are used like coordinating conjunctions, but they are always in pairs.
3. Subordinating conjunctions express relationships of time, manner, cause or reason, comparison, condition, or purpose. They
are used to introduce subordinate clauses that are not complete sentences. Subordinate clauses are always connected to
clauses that are complete (independent clauses) since they do not convey complete thoughts.
Time: after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while
Manner: as, as if
Place: where, wherever
Cause or Reason: because, since
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Comparison: as, as much as, than, whereas
Condition: although, as long as, even if, even though, if, provided that, though, unless, while
Purpose: in order that, so that
E.g.
You can join the field trip provided that you pay for your own fare.
I crossed the fields wherever there was a gate.
You have to finish editing the book so that it can be printed before the end of the year.
4. Conjunctive adverbs are used to connect clauses that can stand by themselves as sentences. They are preceded by a semi-
colon and are followed by a comma.
An Interjection is a word or group of words that is used to express surprise, fear, pain, or other emotions. It is not grammatically
related to other words in a sentence, so it functions independently. It may be followed by an exclamation point (!) or may be included in
a sentence set off by a comma.