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The quenching reaction also forms acetic acid, but in a different stoichiometric ratio than
the hydrolysis reaction. Thus, it is possible to determine the acetic anhydride concentration
at the time the sample was taken. The initial experimental design is shown in Figure 1.
Water and acetic anhydride are gravity-fed from reservoirs and through a set of rotameters.
The water is mixed with the acetic anhydride just before it enters the reactor. Water is also
circulated by a centrifugal pump from the temperature bath through coils in the reactor
vessel. This maintains the reactor temperature at a fixed value. A temperature controller
in the water bath maintains the temperature to within 1F of the desired temperature.
Samples are withdrawn from the point shown and titrated manually in a hood.
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2. A gas-fired furnace and its safety and control measures are shown in Figure 2. Description
of Basic Process Controls the feed flow to the furnace is controlled by regulatory control
loops FC-9 and FC-10. A local self-regulating pressure controller (PCV-6) controls the
pilot gas pressure. The fuel gas flow and coil outlet temperature controls are part of a
cascade control system. The gas flow controller (FC-3) is in cascade with temperature
controller (TC-8). The flow controller manipulates valve FV-3 to control the gas flow at a
set point manipulated by the temperature controller. All regulatory control loops are in the
basic process control system (BPCS), which is located in a control room approximately
200 feet away from the furnace.
a. Identify three potential hazards and for each hazard identify one primary possible
cause.
b. Perform a HAZOP study on the fired heater. Consider the natural gas feed flow
as the parameter for your analysis and use two HAZOP Guideword to perform the
HAZOP study.
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