Murphy 1

Zack Murphy

Ms. McAlister

ENG 112-103

2 July 2017

Annotated Bibliography: Articles About Space Exploration

Challenges and Opportunities for Human Space Exploration: Hearing Before the Subcommittee

on Science and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,

United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, April 23, 2013. ,

2015. Internet resource. U.S Senator Bill Nelson discusses the many new projects that

NASA is currently working on. These include sending astronauts deeper than ever before

and capturing an asteroid to be used for research. Stephen A Cook talks about how

having commercial interests in NASA means that the private sector will take on the

majority of the financial risk involved. This article can be used to support continued

funding of NASA and other space programs.

Deep Space Exploration: Examining the Impact of the President's Budget : Hearing Before the

Subcommittee on Space, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of

Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, October 9, 2015. ,

2016. Internet resource. Chairman of the Subcommittee on Space Brian Babin lists some

statistics about the proposed cuts to many NASA programs. He also talks about the

impacts of these proposed cuts even if they are not put into place. Chairman of the

Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Lamar S. Smith talks about how NASA is

about inspiration and the desire to explore past earth. He says that NASA recently had to
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push back two of its programs by two years because of budget issues. This article can be

use to support the need for less budget cuts and more spending on NASA.

Hepp, Aloysius F. In-situ Resource Utilization for Space Exploration: Resource Processing,

Mission-Enabling Technologies, and Lessons for Sustainability on Earth and Beyond. ,

2015. Internet resource. Scientists from NASA talk about how fuel could be produced on

the moon with very little waste in the process. They also talk about how the moon and

mars could be used to gather resources. They talk about how the current robotic missions

on Mercury and Saturn are giving them information that will allow them to design

missions specifically for those planets. They also talk about atmospheric mining in the

outer solar system. This would allow missions to extract fuel allowing them to go

further and reach their destinations faster than before. This article can be used to support

the many future projects of NASA and their importance.

International Space Exploration Coordination Group. "Benefits Stemming from Space

Exploration." (2013): n. pag. NASA.gov. ISECG, Sept. 2013. Web. The International

Space Exploration Coordination Group discusses the many benefits to space exploration.

They claim that space exploration helps to create innovation and inspire the people. They

also state that space exploration has helped to bring countries together. This article can be

used to argue for more funding for NASA.

Kring, David A. "NASA Budget Booms." Science News 95.15 (2014): 351. USRA. Universities

Space Research Association. Web. This image shows just how little of the budget is spent

on NASA. In the 1960s the budget was huge because of the "space race" that we were in

with Russia. NASA focused their resources on putting a man on the moon and achieved

their goal. After this however, the funding decreases sharply because the we were at the
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end of the "space race" and did not feel it was necessary to put as much money into

NASA. This image can show how little NASA is getting in terms of the annual budget.

Pawlick, Peter and Richard A. Grant. Point: Human Space Flight Is a Pointless Waste of

Money. Points of View: U.S. Space Program, 3/1/2016, p. 2. In this article Peter

Pawlick argues that all of the money that NASA puts into manned space flight is only

inhibiting their ability to make actual discoveries. He discusses the fact that most of the

scientific community see Jupiters icy moon, Europa, and the most important place to

study due to the chances of finding extraterrestrial life. This article can be used to support

the funding of unmanned NASA missions, that will lead to new discoveries.

"Prof Sir Martin Rees: human spaceflight - is it worth the money and risk? As Major Tim Peake

becomes the first British astronaut to spacewalk, the Astronomer Royal Sir Martin Rees

argues that unmanned missions are the future of space exploration; As Major Tim Peake

becomes the first British astronaut to spacewalk, the Astronomer Royal Sir Martin Rees

argues that unmanned missions are the future of space exploration." Telegraph Online, 15

Jan. 2016. Biography in Context. Martin Rees argues that all of the money that has been

spent on space exploration is not worth it. He states that the scientific findings that have

occurred on the International Space Station are almost non-existent. This article can be

used to argue that the world does not need space exploration.

Talk it out: Space Exploration. UWIRE Text, 10 Mar. 2016, p. 1. Academic OneFile. Jordan

Bartels discusses the many positives associated with the continued funding of the United

States space program. He discusses the recent trip to space that astronaut Scott Kelly

came back from and the 400 experiments that he conducted while at the International

Space Station. Bridgette Reneau argues for the exact opposite. She states that the
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government should stop funding for space exploration because the money can be better

used elsewhere. She argues that the money could go to improving earth instead of

looking into space. This article can be used to support a claim that we should not be

funding space exploration.

"Trump places emphasis on exploration in new NASA funding." UPI News Current, 21 Mar.

2017. Biography in Context. In March, President Trump signed a bill that suggests a

funding level of 19 billion dollars for NASAs budget. He said that it had been a while

since anyone had signed a bill like this and that it was good to show the people that the

government wants to help NASA in their goals in science and space travel. This article

can be used to show the benefits of increased NASA funding.

Yost, Keith. "Should We Cut NASA Funding?" The Tech - Online Edition. MIT, 09 Apr. 2010.

Web. Kieth Yost debates the options of whether or not the United States should cut

funding for NASA. He argues that for the cost of one space ship the government could

buy power, water, wheat, or housing for millions. He then states that for NASA's budget

six more MITs could be built. This article gives some great information arguing against

increasing NASA's budget.

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A Synthesis of Articles on Space Exploration

Mankind has been fascinated with space for thousands of years. It was only recently that

humans started to make discoveries about space and less than fifty years ago that the first man

walked on the moon. In the 1600s Galileo was proving that Earth was not the center of the

universe. The world is in an age of rapidly changing technology and countries with space

exploration programs need to be able to keep up with the technology. In order to fuel new

innovations, make new discoveries, and forge good relationships with other countries the United

States needs to continue to fund space exploration.

In his article, Yost mentions some of the inventions that were created by NASA. For

some, seeing the amazing things that NASA does can inspire them to go out and make something

new. In the Deep Space Exploration article, Smith discusses the fact that space exploration drives

people to want to explore past the Earth. It could be argued that without NASA the human race

may not have all of the great innovations that they have come to enjoy. NASA has discussed the

possibility of being able to land on an asteroid to refuel during a long flight. This could be the

beginning of a new age of space travel. Having enough fuel to make it there and back is one of

the biggest problems faced by those in the space exploration industry. These types of new

projects could allow mankind to go further than ever imagined.

The many missions NASA has launched have fueled may new discoveries that could

someday change the world. From the Mars rover to the Moon landing NASA has accomplished

some truly incredible things and they are just getting started, as long as they have the funding.

NASA has sent many missions to almost every planet in the solar system, each one returning

invaluable information. However, with budget cuts, NASA is having to push back dates and even

get rid of projects that they do not have the money for. The percentage of the total budget going
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towards NASA is at an all time low. This means that NASA will have to pick and choose which

project they want to work on more because they dont have the money to do everything.

The International Space Station is not owned by any one country and therefore forces the

astronauts inside of it to get along with whoever may be living with them. There are many

different countries that contributed the the construction of the ISS. This can help in many ways

because the astronauts learn to get along with one another, which can lead to countries liking

each other. Sometimes astronauts from different countries will all a ride to the ISS together. This

means that the governments of the countries will be involved and can help their relationship.

Some people are very against the idea of space exploration. There are people like Peter

Pawlick who wrote about how NASA needs to stop focusing on manned space craft missions.

Pawlick argued that robotic missions can go further and have no potential harm to anyone, while

still being able to transmit data from the site they landed at. Others, like Yost, claim that NASA

as a whole needs to have its funding cut so that the money can be used elsewhere. He argues that

the amount of money that is spend on NASA could help millions all around the world, but

instead it is being used to conduct experiments in space that are not worth anything.

Space Travel will always be on the mind of humans. NASA will always be able to

advance their crafts and go deeper into the great unknown. The only thing stopping that from

happening in twenty years, instead of one hundred, is funding. There is only one way to find out

what is really out there and that is to explore. NASA is responsible for inventions, discoveries,

and keeping up international relations. They are a vital administration and should be treated like

it when the budget is being made.

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Works Cited

Challenges and Opportunities for Human Space Exploration: Hearing Before the Subcommittee

on Science and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,

United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, April 23, 2013. ,

2015. Internet resource

Deep Space Exploration: Examining the Impact of the President's Budget : Hearing Before the

Subcommittee on Space, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of

Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, October 9, 2015. ,

2016. Internet resource.

Hepp, Aloysius F. In-situ Resource Utilization for Space Exploration: Resource Processing,

Mission-Enabling Technologies, and Lessons for Sustainability on Earth and Beyond. ,

2015. Internet resource.

International Space Exploration Coordination Group. "Benefits Stemming from Space

Exploration." (2013): n. pag. NASA.gov. ISECG, Sept. 2013. Web.

Kring, David A. "NASA Budget Booms." Science News 95.15 (2014): 351. USRA. Universities

Space Research Association. Web.

Pawlick, Peter and Richard A. Grant. Point: Human Space Flight Is a Pointless Waste of

Money. Points of View: U.S. Space Program, 3/1/2016, p. 2.

"Prof Sir Martin Rees: human spaceflight - is it worth the money and risk? As Major Tim Peake

becomes the first British astronaut to spacewalk, the Astronomer Royal Sir Martin Rees

argues that unmanned missions are the future of space exploration; As Major Tim Peake

becomes the first British astronaut to spacewalk, the Astronomer Royal Sir Martin Rees
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argues that unmanned missions are the future of space exploration." Telegraph Online, 15

Jan. 2016. Biography in Context.

Talk it out: Space Exploration. UWIRE Text, 10 Mar. 2016, p. 1. Academic OneFile.

"Trump places emphasis on exploration in new NASA funding." UPI News Current, 21 Mar.

2017. Biography in Context.

Yost, Keith. "Should We Cut NASA Funding?" The Tech - Online Edition. MIT, 09 Apr. 2010.

Web.