Professional Documents
Culture Documents
( ) ! 2 0 )
7
198 7
, ,
(I
PrA ) J
e
v s
r h u
c e
.
,
,
, ,
y
I
l
, , :
, ,
, ,
.
, , ,
, , ,
;
,
, ,
( ) ; ,
. , ,
; ,
, ,
; , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
; :
?
,
, , ,
, , ,
?
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, .
, , ,
, , ,
, :
,
, ,
, ,
, :
, , ,
, ,
, , ,
?
,
,
: ,
, ,
,
,
,
, ,
( 19 9 2 19 9 2
: .
) 1
( 19 9 1 ) 19
:
,
4
2
,
p it
a lis t r o a d er
w sh e d
ea eo ir o n r ie e bow l
, ,
4 5
.
e u n d e r
th e k
a r l s w a n 5 n ee ac he s
,
a
d P
n l
u
, ,
6 T he y d o t da to to u e a ti r ,5 e
.
l o re
h a
b
s
id e
.
7 e
h m o n k m ay ru n a w b u t t ! le t e m Ple a
c n , t
.
a .
,
T y
ru n
w i th r
n
6 7
,
,
G
.
K sp
a e r
u r k y a rd y la r g e
-
8 Yo c
.
a
b v e r
9 Yo u
w o r k e
ff t iv ly
.
e
.
o r c
10 h ld r e n a re v e ry e
le v e r
.
( )
,
8 9
J
( 9 8 3 92)
.
T ho m as :
, ,
:
W lf so (1 9 8 8 12 2)
:
N
.
o n
,
,
:
(Illo e u t io n a r y a et
) a
N P o k s r e
( a ll
y A D J
.
:
.
I (, a
lly ) lik e o v e
b /I N P
o yo u a e
a
h
ve
1
.
A D ig
a
re
e
t
.
? e
PR 0 s
i ( re a
!ly ) ( a ) A D J NP
,
es o
.
Y
-
B 1 d
,
, ,
B A
(A D J ) ee p r e tt y so
d
o
-
n
e
b au
, ,
A
A
,
g re a
t ifu l
t ;
(p R o )
o v e
yo u , e ; 1 lik e y o u
.
: u r h a ir e u t
.
1 1 l ho r
:
(1 9 8 8 )
, ,
u r n
i g t h e C u lt u r a
l
2
e
R lu ti o m y fa t h e
v o r
s
a
.
D n
w
,
( )
a 1iot
c ro a d e r a n
d h e ld i n t h e o
c w she
.
d
u r
V + A D V
:
Yo :
/ Yo N p
8 9
3
.
T w o rk e
in o r
de r to p m y ir o n r e e
a
h
r
d d ke e
i
10
b w l fr rll b
o r c k
in g u
p
My h o m e ro w n
is a
e
b
a u t
i fu l e ty
i
,
k n o
w n as
th e p rl u ll
d c r th e s w a n ,5 n
c
e k :
.
5 T he o
rd te a e
he r
15 h a p p y t o s
h is pe
a e
hes a n d
.
11
:
Y o u a r r iv e d he re ye s te r
day
.
p lu rn , a re a
ll o v e r th e o
c u rt ry
.
12 a v e y (u g o u r o
d?
.
o t l: , to
H o
f
2 3
,
13
.
B e o l
e o
f e er
a
t in re
n g ,
t m
ay lo t b e Po
s
-
e
l
.
:
b
i
s
su r e
o
y
u u n o u r p ro b
14 rs e
m s o u
ha l lt e
ha d m u e
.
I tm de n
.
Y v n
h
.
a
t d l 17
.
g e
15 1 m so r r
y to h a v o
b the re d yo u 5 0
lo 8 o u
ha r e e r: t ly p u t o
.
e n
.
Y v e n
w e ig h t
.
g
.
u ave
16 Yo t ta e r
s
e t n o
h w
. .
, ,
1 1 2
1
,
H w a
r o u
y ? c
o e
11 12
,
, , ,
13 14
, , , ,
, ,
1
5 16
, ,
w h
a t
do y
o
u w a n t
le
P a se
?
,
, , ,
15 16
, ,
; D
.
, ,
o
w
H do y
o
u d ?
o H O w
,
L
_ a r yo u ? G o
d
o m o
r n in g
H
i !
, ,
?
, ,
:
.
, ,
, , , ,
Mo
d
e rn
t io y co
u r a
a ir
f m
Fo iz n ,
, ,
fo r ta e st a n d ar d f liv in g , sp , r it u a l
,
o l
p u i
t
.
o n
E
, ,
, , ,
?
,
( }1
, , , ,
)
, ,
( )
,
,
4
30 2
0
,
( )
, ea p ita lis t -
ro ad er t
h e pe ar u n r th e s w a n
5 n ee k
.
l de
, ,
:
,
,
v e
I ta to ad m it t h a t m y e h o ie e o f s td yin g
n g lis h 15 ig h t My g lish le v e n ot a s
.
E r
E n l 15
,
a: t h e : h e r , 10
h ig , l
.
;
2
(
P OR I
E G N < > NA l
T vE I KE
L
, ,
IN A P P R O P R T A T E < > A P P R O P R IA T E )
(
T e :)
ts
T
, :
,
30
V a r ia b le M e a n
D F T P ( 2 ta
1)
N a tive lik e 91 56 29 39
.
.
n e
8 29 003
. .
l 0 7 8
.
A PP r o P r ia t e n e ss 36 26
.
a
p
-
,
p r o p r ia t e n e o a n - :
( m )
n a
ti v e n e ss
( 1 40 7 8 91 56) ?
lik e
. .
.
(p (
,
00
3 )
:
,
?
, ,
A
;
.
, , ,
, ,
, , .
: ,
,
; ,
)
, ,
c IF L c u a n ho u
l ,r it : 1, o l o :1 n
g : a g e s ;
s Tc se 1o r
M Ld , s e h , a o h e r , o u r e
f Fo ig 1a Ms T ,1 10 9 e
g :
:
19 o on ean
ho ld u
p h a lr f th e ky 23 :
.
o
.
w m
( :
)
r
, .
20 (A C h in e stu n a n s
t to g et a
fa v o u r
.
e
s de t w ,
fr o m te a e he r )
n :
ho E is h
24 :
so rry Pt
I, m o
y B ro w yo
rru u
to in te M r n
Ca n u
.
,
, ,
s
re s o
m e t im e
f o r
m e
? 1h a ve so
m e
d jf fie u lt ie s n th e
,
ex t
t an d h o pe y o u
a
c
n e x p la in t
,e
m to m e
(
.
, ,
) , ,
19
:
23 24
,
2
0
, ,
B
,
,
,
, :
:
.
n .s
2 5 (In M r B r o w h , u s
. stu d e n t fi n ds a
.
,
e th e
t fu c u r r l ,
w h ic h w as
m d by B ro n
e
b
a e
M rs
w )
:
M rs
B ro
w n ,
1 d id n lr e x
e
p c t yo u e o u
ld m a ke su c
h
2 1 s ty a
e a s a e
d iff ie u lt
a
h
n e e th a t 1
.
r
a
L h
t e re
w 5
,
a
be
a u tj fu l e u r ta ill
.
o
t ge t a s e n ro
lle d in G IF L fo r
MS I 1 C ( 3 ) e o u r-
. ,
1 w S 2 6 (S in g M r ro w s
a
t di n g a t tlze d o o r o
f th e
.
n n
B
e s r0 O
a
s m )
22 s te
Pp 1 o n to e ro a o
e
b a te
a e e r
H llo Mr B ro w a re yo u a
it in g fo ?
.
1 th f n
h
.
e ll o
d i g w h w r
, ,
25 26
,
,
,
25 26
,
, , ,
. ,
25 2
6
,
c
,
:
,
23
.
(In r
s
e o
p
n se to a
o
c m P lim e n t)
25
,
It (5
lu e k
.
1 d o n (t tlii n k 1 d id w e
ll r ll is m o rn
in g
.
M r
2 M
r n ro v ll
M
r r
3 ( !l r i
, ,
* 1 13
! H o re i li tt le w n
,
y t ve ry a e ee p t it
o u
g irt f
o r
It , 5 n o o o
.
g d Pl e
.
e
.
M rs B
r
o
:
w 19 9 2
,
2
6
, , :
M r
, ,
r
B o w n , ,
, ,
, ,
( ) ,
, , ,
, :
,
A
.
. , , .
,
;
.
B ,
, ,
( 19 9
:
2) A sT U D Y o F L
N e u ls T e o E v l^ T I O N B Y
, C H IN E S E SPE A KE RS O F E N G L IS H IN IN T ER -
C U LT U R A L C o M M U N C A T I o N
,
,
e n z
( 19 9 0 )
:
H w ho g ( S E LE
r
c E D R E A D IN G s
u n
)
IN IN T E R C U L T U R A L CO M M U N I C A T IO N
H u n a n
c
,
u
a t oi
c
n u n a ,l
E d P b lh i g H o u
e
s
,
CI
gsh a
rn a s
( 19 8 3 )
r u
T ho J :
C i rLr a l P g m a t ic F a u r e AP
.
, e ra , -
o
, P L IE D L IN G U IS T I C S V l 4
e r se
V h Le r e n
J ( 19 8 7 )
:
PR A G M A T IC S A S A T HE OR Y
, .
O F L I N G U I S T I C A D A PT A T I O N ,
IP r A W or k in g D c
o u -
, ,
, ,
Wo lfs o n ,
N
.
( 19 8 1 )
:
C o m P li ln e n ts in C r
s
o
e u
lt u r a
l Pe r -
s
, , Pe e ti v e ,
i n
H u e
( d )
:
1 99 0 ,
S ha n gh
a
i T r a n s ti o n
P u
, , , , , l h i n g H o u s e ,
S h a n g ha i
Zu o H u a n
q i ( ) ( 19 8 8 ) :
v e r
l x,
l te r a e t i o n s o f Co -
,
Pl i n l e n t i t1
A 11e r c a l l
i E n
g l h a n d Ch in e s e ,
in H u
( )
:
19 9
( )
( 19 92 )
:
E LT TN c H 19 9 2 19 9 2 2
IN A
,