Specific Rule for Qal Trio Qal Trio

I-nun General Rule paradigm Special Cases

vgn O-type A-type vgy
vg jql
lpn Syllable final Nun Assimilates
with following consonant &
leaves a dagesh forte
Qal Impf, Impt, Inf C
with O theme vowel
Qal Impf, Impt, Inf C
with A theme vowel
tvg Behaves like a Pe-Nun verb
of A-type in Qal Trio
Qal Nun Nun
Trio Niph Impf Nun Remains!
takes its own vowel & follows
w/II-Guttural
Resists doubling
Assimilates Disappears Ntn
A-type has strong pattern Nun Remains
Guttural takes Patah
vgy Qal Impf Qal Impt vg tvg Qal Inf C Acts like Pe-Nun A-type
but sere instead of patah ..
Special Pattern Dagesh forte Dagesh lene!

I-yod Active Historically Pe-Waw Historically Pe-Yod

cby qny rvy bfy Xqy lly Nmy
dly Syllable Initial Syllable Final Qal Trio
Qal Stative
(expresses state or quality)
Yod stays in all forms but
quiesces outside Perfect
Pe consonant is YOD follows Historically Pe-Yod
(strong verb behavior) Vocalic
Waw
Consonantal
Waw
w/ dagesh
Yod vanishes
w/o a trace
Qal Perf 3ms bAfDy Exception:

Qal follows Qal Qal Impf 3ms bAfyIy Qal Perf: lkDy
Trio Hifil & Nifal Hofal
Nifal Impf 3ms Qal Trio
paradigm JKlh Trio Pattern Imperf: lAkwy
Disappears Ow w dElwy dElEy Hifil Impf 3ms byIfyEy Stative
w/o a Trace Hifil Perf 3ms
dyIlOwh
Pe Waw w/ (except x )
mimic Pe-Nun A-type behavior
axy Qal Perf 3ms aErDy
dElwIh dEl
Hifil Impf 3ms dyIlOwy dAlwh Watch for defectively written verbs
byIfyEh byIfEh
Qal Impf 3ms aDryIy
Hofal Perf 3ms Nifal Inf C tRdRl Because the yod that remains in these types of verbs becomes the
Nifal Perf 3ms
dAlOwn matres everywhere that the pe-consonant would be syllable final,
there may be occasions when it is written defectively.

Middle Weak QAL Stem Due to retraction of

accent HIFIL D-STEM
bwv Myc awb Waw Cons & Impf
Expect Hireq Preformative

D
Middle Consonant only in results in - Doubled stems reduplicate final root
apocopation (vowel Yod Infix OUTSIDE Perf & - Dagesh NOT present
Lexical form is Qal Inf C Qal Trio - Impf/Impt/Inf C Part is Qames - First vowel for all is holem
Perf Impf
reduction)
yI
bwvy bDvZyAw BUT sere in ms/
Piel (Polel) bEbOwv
Middle Root
Consonant
Sufformative
Otherwise Qames
Preformative
QAL Impf: sureq reduc-
es to qamets hatuf
fp impv and Inf A Preformative for

Qal & Hif of

PERF is Sere E Pual (Polal) bAbOwv
ONLY shows
up in
Patah
theme vowel
Qames
Perf & Participle Identical
MyIcy MRcZyAw Middle I type
are identical
w/ consonant initial
sufformative the sere
reduces to hateph-
Hitpael bEbOw;tVvIh
HIFIL Impf: hireq yod may see Qal (Hitpolel)
Qal yItVbAv bDv bDv reduces to segol form with sureq
instead of hireq
patah & a holem waw
is inserted before the
sufformative
metathesis
Trio 3ms Pf ms Part yod. This is
analogical back Piel in Middle Weak can also show up
Waw Cons w/ Impf myIqEh DtOwmyIqSh
hDbDZv hDZbDv for Qal & Hifil is iden-
tical (or nearly identical)
formation
Mycy Mwcy Reduplicated following Geminate Pattern

3fs Pf fs Part
Only Diff is Accent Shift
Qal

bDvyAw bRvyAw
Hifil qal/hif qal

Nifal preformative D lEkVlIk Pilpel

MRcyAw MRcy Aw
is qames
Note: holem waw before
consonant sufformative
Hofal preformative
is sureq w

Ayin-Ayin ;bs bbs

Dissociated
bs
Reduced
Normal
bbs w/ sufformative w/o sufformative D-stems w/o sufformative

Dissociated Reduplicated
vowel initial
consonant initial Qal Inf A bwbDs strong like
bEsVbs bsy Qal Impf 3ms
Qal & Hif IMPF can

attaches directly Perfect Imperfect Qal Part bEbws Middle

Weak
Pilpel
also appear with
dagesh in first root

w;bOsy preceded by Ow preceded by yR Ow

first vowel: bEsEh Hif Pf 3ms
b;sy Qal Impf 3ms

tD Ow;bAs hnyR;bZ Us;Vt

Qal Impf 3mp
Qal Part ALWAYS
Dissociated even w/
double radical
no dagesh
bEsy b;EsAy
w;bEsEh Qal Pf 2ms Qal Impf 3fp
ending (even fs, mp, fp)
even with obj sfx
Poal bAbOws Hif Impf 3ms Hif Impf 3ms

DtOw;bIsh
Hif Pf 3cp NOTE:
Qal Part ms = Poel Pf 3ms
Qal Perf 3ms
can be either
NOTE:
Waw Cons & Qal/Hif Impf
Hif Pf 2ms

2009 by Karyn Traphagen

bEbOws=bEbOws dissociated or reduced
bAbDs or bAs
Middle Weak = Double Ayin
Watch for vowel reduction:
holem/sureq --> qamets hatuf
Please email suggestions or corrections to ktraphagen@gmail.com **dissociated has qamets hireq yod/sere --> segol
Weak Verb Chart Page 2 version 090312
Qal Perf 3fs, 3cp can be either
dissociated or normal