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of explicit and implicit language knowledge [J]. recall of autobiographical memories [J]. Journal
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2005, of Experimental Psychology: General, 2000,
27: 305-52. 129: 361-368.
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[4] Ellis, N. Emergentism, connectionism and [14] Roehr, K. Linguistic and metalinguistic
language learning [J]. Language Learning, cate-gories in second language learning [J].
1998, 48: 631-664. Cognitive Linguistics, 2008, 19: 67-106.
[5] Ellis, N. Language acquisition as rational con- [15] Schmidt, R. The role of consciousness in second
tingency learning [J]. Applied Linguistics, 2006, language learning [J]. Applied Linguistics, 1990
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[6] Eskildsen, S. W. Constructing another langua- [16] Tomasello, M. Constructing a Language: A
geusage-based linguistics in second language usage-based Theory of Language Acquisition
acquisition [J]. Applied Linguistics Advance [M]. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Access published online on November 11, 2008. Press, 2003.
[7] Ellis, N. The dynamics of second language [17] Vygotsky, L. S. Thought and Language [M].
emergence: Cycles of language use, language Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1962.
change, and language acquisition [J]. Modern [18] . [J].
Language Journal, 2008, 92: 232-249. , 2007(3).
[8] Larsen-Freeman, D. Complexity Systems and
Applied Linguistics [M]. Oxford University A Study of the Interrelationship Between
Press, 2008. L2 Learning Variables and L2 Use
[9] Larsen-Freeman, D. Chaos/complexity science Abstract: This paper constitutes an attempt to
and second language acquisition [J]. Applied formulate an L2 learning and teaching principle, i.e.
Linguistics, 1997, 18: 141-165. what co-occurs with a linguistic form being learned
[10] Lantolf, J. & Thorne, S. Sociocultural Theory and will affect its retrieval and use, by drawing on recent
the Genesis of Second Language Development theoretical achievements in language acquisition
[M]. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, research. Based on the conception that variables
2006. influencing language learning are interrelated, this
[11] Long, M. Linguistic and conversational principle stresses inevitability of the interaction between
adjustments to non-native speakers [J]. Studies L2 learning variables and utility of this interactive effect
in Second Language Acquisition, 1983(5): on L2 use. The mechanism involved in the principle
177-193. is presented along with the principles theoretical
[12] MacWhinney, B. Emergentismuse often and contributions and applications in L2 instructions and
with care [J]. Applied Linguistics, 2006, 27: learning.
729-740. Key Words: interaction; binding; priming; usage-
[13] Marian, V. & Neisser, U. Language-dependent based theories
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