embers in solid timber.

The rules governing the design of joints or other

timber types are not discussed.
11.3 Principles/Application rules
As with the other structural Eurocodes and for the
reasons discussed in Chapter 7, the clauses in EC
5 have been divided into Principles and Applica-
tion rules. Principles comprise general statements,
de?nitions, requirements and models for which no
alternative is permitted. Principles are indicated by
the letter P after the clause numbers. The Appli-
cation rules are generally recognised rules which
follow the statements and satisfy the requirements
given in the Principles. The absence of the letter P
after the clause number indicates an application
rule. The use of alternative application rules to
those recommended in the Eurocode is permitted
provided it can be show that the alternatives are at
least equivalent and do not adversely affect other
design requirements. It is worth noting, however,
that if an alternative application rule is used the
resulting design will not be deemed Eurocode
compliant
11.4 Nationally Determined
Parameters
Like the other structural Eurocodes, Eurocode 5
allows some parameters and procedures to be
determined at the national level. Where a national
choice is allowed this is indicated in a note in
the normative text under the relevant clause. The
note may include the recommended value of the
parameter, or preferred method, etc., but the actual
value, methodology, etc., to be used in a particular
Member State country is given in the appropriate
National Annex. The recommended values of these
parameters and design methods/procedures are
collectively referred to as Nationally Determined
Parameters (NDPs). The NDPs determine various
aspects of design but perhaps most importantly
the level of safety of structures during execution
(i.e. construction/fabrication) and in-service, which
remains the responsibility of individual nations.
The UK National Annex to EC 5 was published
in 2006 and the discussion and worked examples
in this chapter are based on the material in EC 5
and the NDPs in the accompanying National
Annex.
11.5 Symbols
Chapter 1 of EC 5 lists the symbols used in EC 5.
Those relevant to this discussion are reproduced
below.
GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES:
b breadth of beam
h depth of beam
A area
i radius of gyration
I second moment of area
W y ,W z elastic modulus about yy (major
axis) and zz (minor axis)
BENDING:
l span
M d design moment
G permanent action
Q variable action
s m,d design normal bending stress
f m,k characteristic bending strength
f m,d design bending strength
? G partial coef?cient for permanent
actions
?