31 2 V o.l 31 N o.

2
2008 3 Journa l o f PLA U n ive rsity o f F oreign L anguages M ar. 2008

5 6

( , 100871)

: H orn W a rd 2004 5 6 4, ) ) )
, , / 0
, / 0 ,

: ; ;
: H 030 : A : 1002-722X ( 2008) 02-0001-07

Recent D evelopm ents in P ragm atics as E videnced byH andbook of P ragm atics
JIANG W ang-qi
( D epartment o f Eng lish, Pek ing U n iversity, Be ijing, 100871, China)
Abstrac t: T he H andbook of P ragmatics ( 2004 ) by H o rn and W ard consists of four parts. T he second part / P ragm atics and
D iscourse Structure0 is about a relatively unfam iliar top ic. An ana lysis of the pape rs in the second part suggests that there is a
d iscursive turn in pragm a tics. Th is cha racte rization can be ver ified by the editorsp a rea and the re la ted papers in the other pa rts.
H ow ever, considering the re lation between pragm atics and discou rse analysis, it is perhaps m ore accurate to say that the recent trend in
pragm atics is a / re turn0, ra ther than / turn0, to discourse.
K ey word s: pragm atics; H andbook of Pragm atics; d iscourse ana lysis

1. 5 6 11,
/ 0 9
, H orn W ard 2004 5 , ,
6 6
, ,
Jay D av id A t lasK ent BachD iane B lakem oreRobyn
CarstonH erbert C larkGeorg ia GreenL aurence H orn ,
Stephen L ev in sonJerro ld SadockD an Sperber
Deirdre W ilson, :
G illes FauconnierAde le Go ldbergP aul K aySusumu ,
Kuno 1980
,
,
32, 4: / / 0 , /
0 / 0 / 0
0 / 0 6, 2. / 0
, Gregory W ard Betty B irner

: 2007- 09- 29
: ( 1949- ), , , , , ,

 # 2# 2008

5 6 ( Informational
S tructure and N oncanonical Syntax ) ,
1998, G rice
, 5 6 :
( Inf orm ation S tatu s and N oncanonical W ord O rder in ,
English ) 2001 , Schiffrin T annen , ,
H am ilton 5 6 ( T heH andbook of
D iscourse Analy sis) 5
6 ( D iscourse and Inf orm ation S tructure) ,
2002, H uddleston Pu llum 5 , :
6 ( The Cam bridge G ramm ar of th e English ( ) ; ,
Language) 5 6 ( Information
Packag ing) ,
, Andrew Keh ler 5 6
, (D iscourse C oherence ) B lakem ore
, Keh le r
,
Jeanette Gundel Thorste in
F retheim 5 6 ( T op ic and Focus ) , H a lliday Longacre
/ 0 / 0, M ann Thompson,
H um e ( 1784 /
, , 1955) ( )
: ( ) ( ) 3
, Robert Stainton 5
, 6 ( The Pragm atics of N on-sentence) /
, , 0 Cheers! Am ericaps m ost
: , frequent serv ice to A sia

, , , ,
,
C raige Roberts 5 ,
6 ( Contex t in Dynam ic Interpretation ) , ,
, ,
/ 0
, 5 / 6
( Anaphora and the P ragma tics-syntax Interface)
, / 0 ,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
D ia ne B la kem ore 5 6
( D iscourseM arkers) B lakem ore ,
80,
 2 5 6 # 3#

Susum u Kuno 5
6 ( Empathy and D irect D iscourse P erspectives) , 5
Kuno 1987 6 H orn,
: G regory W ard
, W ard 1985 ,
, 1997
,
The S eman tics and
Geo ffrey Nunberg 5 P ragm atics of P rep osing ( 1988
6 ( T he P ragma tics of Def erred Interp retation ) ) , E llen Pr in ce H orn
/ 0 ham sandw ich
ham sandw ich 5 6 ,
: ?

,
, ,
, , , 11 ,
: , I am 9, 6,
parked out back M y car is parked out back, 254, 200, 150,
I w as once driven by John M y car w as 137,
once driven by John / , Gregory W ard Andrew
0 , / 0 K ehler, , W ard
,
H erbert C lark 5 , ,
6 ( P ragmatics of Language P erf orm ance) ,
, ,
/ , : ,
,
: / Seventy- tw o degrees , Georg ia G reen 5
Ce lsiu s. I beg your pardon. Seventeen deg rees C elsiu s. 6 ( Som e Interactions of
Seventy- tw o w ould be a little w arm 0 Seven ty- P ragm atics and G rammar ) W ard B irner
tw o degrees C elsiu s Seven teen degrees Celsius
, Adele Go ldberg
5 6 ( P ragma tics and A rgum ent
Andrew Keh ler Gregory W ard S tructure) H alliday L am brechtW ard B irner
5 6 ( Constraints on / 0
E llip sis and E vent R eference) ( conventional pragm atics), G riceH orn
4: so / 0 ( conversa tio na l pragm atics,
( so anaphora) non-convent io na l pragm at ics) ,
: Julia
H irschberg 5 6 ( P ragm atics and
Intonation)
,
3.
/ 0 5 E lizabeth T raugott 5 6 (H istorical
6, , P ragm atics) ,
 # 4# 2008

, /
0 ( a m ethodo logy for tex- t H obbs Keh ler,
based histo rica l pragm atics) , after all
, B lakem ore B lass Roulet T he police prohibited the w om en
T raugott , from dem onstrat ing T hey feared v io lence
1990 1992 they po lice wom en,
, after all
, , , / 0
B lass after all / 0?
after all that has been said and done ( 1990: /
129) T raugott , 0 / 0 ?
B lass, , : 1)
T raugo tt , 2)
, after a ll ,
, after all after a ll , /
, T raugo tt 0 / 0,
, / 0? ,


Dan iel Jurafsky 5 6 , ,
( P ragmatics and Computational L ingu istics ) , ,
,
, , / No,
it Jenny T hom as
isnpt0 , ,
, / 0, ,
, / 0 ; ,
( 1995: 209)
, G illes F auconn ier 5 6 Austin G rice
( P ragmatics and Cogn itive L inguistics) ,
, 20
, ,
, ,
/ 0 Pau l K ay 5 6 , / 0
( P ragmaticA spects of Gramm atical C onstructions) / 0 ( tu rn) , / 0 ( return ),


Gunde l 4.
F retheim , /
0 / 0 5 ) ) )
Jerry H obbs 6 :
5 6 ( A bduction in ( 1 ) Susan, w ho has thalassem ia, is getting
N atu ral Language Understanding ) m arried to B il.l
John drove dow n the street in a car John ( 2) B il,l who has tha lassem ia, is gettin g m arried
drove dow n a street in Chicago , to Susan.
street car, street Chicago ( 3) B il,l who has tha lassem ia, is gettin g m arried
, , to Susan, and 1967 w as a great year for F rench w in es.
( Spe rbe r and W ilson, 1986 /1995: 127)
 2 5 6 # 5#

Sperber W ilson, ! 0
Rachel G io ra 1997 / ,
Sperber W ilson ( , ,
320034 ) 0
, , / ? ,
5 6 ? , ,

, ) ) ) , , ,
, , ,
, , , ? 0
, , / ! 0
: / ,
? 0 : / ,
, , / ) )) 0
0 , , / / ! ?
0 ? 0
: / /
, ! , 0
? 0 / ,
: / 0 ) ) )
: / , , ) ) ) ,
? 0 , 0
: / ,, ,,
, / ,
0 ) ) ) 0 ,
/ , ))) / ,
: , 0 0
, ,, : /
( , 1980: 55) , ,
, , ? 0 ,, ( ,
, / 0, 1980: 63)
/ 0 , / 0
, / / 0 ,
0 , ,
, , , / 0
, ,
W ilson,
,
5 6 ? ?
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
: / , / 0 , /
, ? 0 0 ) ) ) ,
: / , ,
 # 6# 2008

, / 0 ,
/ 0, ,
, :
,
, ,
, , / 0 , : /
, , ? 0
,,,
5 6 , ,
,
, W ilson ,
) ) ) , , /
, , , , 0 , , ( ,
/ , 1980: 54)
0, G rice ,
/ 0, , / 0 , /
/ , , , , ,
, - . : ?
- . , ? ! 0 ?
W ilson , ? 0 ( 1975: 46;
/ 0 , 1989: 27) ,
,
, : W ilson ,
,
, ,
,
:
, ,
, ( ,
) ,
, , , ( )
, ,
, ,

, :
, , H orn , 1986
, / P resuppo sition, them e and variations0, 1991
, / G iven as new: W hen redundant affirm ation isnpt0
, , u tterance m ean ing ,
, / utterance discourse
0 5 6 , Brown Y ule ( 1983: 26)
, , ,
, , /
, ,
0
 2 5 6 # 7#

( 2001: I) , 5 6 [ 7 ] G rice, H. P. S tud ies in the W ay of W ords [ M ].

5 6 Cam bridge, M ass. : H arvard U n iversity Press, 1989.
, , [ 8] H o rn, L. P resupposition, them e and var ia tions [ C] / / CLS
, 22, Part 2: Pap ers from the P arasessions on P ragm atics and
, Gramm atical T heory, 1986: 168- 192.
5 6 [ 9] H orn, L. G iven as new: W hen redundan t affirm ation isnpt
, , [ J] . Journal of P ragma tics, 1991, 15: 305- 328.
, , [ 10] H orn, L. and G. W ard. T he H andbook of Pragm atics
( [ C]. M a lden, MA: B lackwe l,l 2004.
) [ 11] H um e, D. A n Inquiry Concerning H uman Understand ing
[ M ]. N ew Y ork: the L ibera lA rts P ress, 1748 /1955.
: [ 12 ] K uno, S. Functional Syn tax: A naphora, D iscour se and
[ 1] . [ M ] . : , Empathy [ M ]. Chicago, IL: Chicago U n iversity P ress,
2003. 1987.
[ 2] . [M ]. : [ 13] Sperber, D. and D. W ilson. R elevance: Communication
, 2001. and C ognition [M ]. Cam bridge, M A: H arvard U n ive rsity
[ 3] . [ M ] . : , 1946 / P ress, 1986. ( 2nd edn. , Ox ford: B lackw e l,l 1995)
1980. [ 14 ] Thom as, J. M eaning in Interaction: A n Introduction to
[ 4 ] B irner, B. and G. W ard. Information Status and Pragm atics [ M ]. London: L ongman, 1995.
N oncannonical W ord O rder in Eng lish [ M ] . Am sterdam: [ 15 ] W ard, G. and B. B irner. D iscourse and info rma tion
Benjam ins, 1998. structure [ C ] / / D. Sch iffr in, D. T annen, and H.
[ 5] B lass, R. Relevance R elations in D iscour se: A Study w ith H am ilton. T he H andbook of D iscour se A naly sis. M a lden,
Special Reference to Sissala [ M ] . Cam bridge: C ambr idge M A: B lackw e l,l 2001.
U n iversity P ress, 1990. [ 16] W ard, G. and B. B irne r. Informa tion struc ture [M ] / /
[ 6] G rice, H. P. L og ic and conversation [ C ] / / P. Co le and G. Pu llun and R. Hudd leston. T he Cam br idg e G rammar of
J. L. M o rgan. Syntax and Seman tics 9: P ragm atics. N ew English. C am bridge: Cam bridge U n ive rs ity P ress, 2002.
Y o rk: A cadem ic P ress, 1975: 41- 58. ( )