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Rock Properties
Keyy Principles
p
Dr. Shafiee
Winter 2012
CONTENTS:
1. Rock Properties
Displacement
TO FORM A COMMERCIAL RESERVOIR OF HYDROCARBONS, A
GEOLOGICAL FORMATION MUST POSSESS THREE ESSENTIAL
CHARACTERISTICS;
1 Porosity
1.
2. Permeability
3. Capacity
POROSITY
Porosity is defined as a percentage or fraction of void to the
bulk volume of the rock. While the proportion of void can be
calculated from regular arrangements or uniform spheres.
PERMEABILITY
Permeability is a measure (under turbulent flow conditions) of
the ease with which fluid flows through a porous rock, and is a
function of the degree
g of interconnection between the p
pores.
Permeability is measured in Darcy units or more
commonly milliDarcy.
PERMEABILITY MEASURING
Permeability Affecting Factors
While grain size has a negligible effect on the porosity of a rock,
this parameter has a predominant effect on permeability. Each rock
grain has a wetted surface surrounding it where fluid velocity is always
zero by definition, thus shearing friction is formed between this zero
velocity layer and any passing fluids. Thus more frictional forces are
encountered passing the same fluid through a fine granular pack than
through a coarse granular pack of equal porosity.
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WHEN TWO OR MORE FLUIDS EXIST WITHIN A
RESERVOIR (MULTIPHASE SYSTEM) THE NUMBER OF
INTERACTING FORCES INCREASES AND THUS THE
COMPLEXITY OF THE SIMULATED MODEL.
1. Surface and Interfacial Tension
2. Wetting
3. Capillary
p y and Saturation
4. Irreducible Water Saturation
5. Residual Oil
6. Relations between Permeability and Fluid
Saturation
SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL
TENSION
WETTING
Capillary and Saturation
In the reservoir, although the pore spaces do not form the uniform
complex maze of capillary systems which in turn gives rise to capillary forces.
water wetted which means even after hydrocarbon percolation some connate
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ANY QUESTIONS?