2000 2 2000, 2

100 FO REIG N LANG UA GE RESEA RCH Serial 100

( , 200083)

:
,
,
, ,

:
;
;
;
;

:
H0-05 :
A :
1000 -0100(2000)02-0023 -11

1. ,
, ( ),

, ,

,
, ,
:
,
,
,
(fo rced) ,
,
,
, , , ,

,
2. ,

2.1. ,

:
1999 -12 -17

23
(Wheelw right , 1962 :
148)
, ,
,

,


,
,
,
, ,
(M an is t he measure of all t hings)
(Embler , W .
49)
,
,
,

:
, , ;
, ,
(), ,
;
, ,

(
)
(Aeschyclus) ( ,
(The Daughters of 1998/ 3/ 11)
Danae) , : , ,
T he pure sky (
Oranus)desires to pene-
trate t he earth , and the earth is filled wi th ,
love so t hat she longs for blissful union wi th
the sky .T he rain f alling f rom the beautiful
sky(Oranus)impreg nates the eart h , so that
she gives birth to f odder and grain fo r flocks
and men . ,
, ,
, `' ,
(
:
16)
: :
-
24
 , , , : ,
; ,
, ,
,
,

:
(radical metapho r)(novel (metapho rical concepts)
met aphor)

, Buck , 1971) ,
(
:
,
,
(T eeth are pearls);
,
,
(
pearly teet h);
,
,
, , as ,
A B , like , ,
, (Her teet h are
like pearls)(Buck :
36)
,
, :
1)
,
, 2)(plain)
,
3)
, :
,
A B , 4)
,
, , 5)


, , ,
, , (con-
cept ual met aphor)
(Gummere , 1910) ,
, ,

25
 :1) T he new moon w as a cradle
;
2) ;3) T he full moon w as granny' s round face
, , He is a li-
on(); , He T he new moon w as a banana
is like a lion() T he full moon w as a big cake
, ,
When I w as a child
I never saw t he moon
, breath I only saw w hat I w anted to see
(
) spirit () , spirit
, And now I see the moon
, , It' s the moon
Only on moon and nothing but the moon
M ay Wong( Goatly :
206)
(
, ,
,
, Human -
plant( =)
, cab-
bage( , ),
vegetable( ,
), couch po tatoes (
)

, (f lower) ,
apple of my eye(),
ripe , mellow (),
Human are f ruits() , )

,
(Hu-
neck , 29) , 3 6
, 7 9
, 11 ,


: 2.2.
When I was a child I thought
26

,
, , ,
(natural) (supernatural)
, ,


(primacy): , ,
? ? ,
, , ,

,
, ,
;

,
( Cooper , 20 30 ,
258) (neural pattern),
(T ruth
(
and method) ), (
),
, ();
20 ,
,

, 60 , (Norbert Wiener)
,

, ,
19 ,
, ,
,

, 50 ,
Chomsky ,
,
, ,
,

,
,
, ,
27
 , (secondary process)
;
, ,
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, (pri-
, mary -process mentation),
(secondary -pro-
3. cess ment ation)
, ,
(Rogers , 1973)
(id),
,
,
,
, ,
(ego)
(Honeck , 1977 :
36) ,
, ,

,
3.1.
, ,
,
,
(Middleton Murry ) , ,

( Rogers , 10) ,
, :

(Rogers, 14) T hree blind mice .Three blind mice .
(Rogers) : See how they run .See how they run .
T hey all ran af ter t he farmer' s wife .
; She cut off their tails wit h a carving
knife .
, Did you ever see such a sig ht in your life
As t hree blind mice ?
F reud (
(primary process)
28
 To do that t hing t hat ends all ot her deeds ,
Which shackles accidents and bolt s up
change ,
?) Which sleeps , and never palates more
the dug
(not intended) T he beg gar' s nurse and Caesar' s .
(naive metaphors), (

, ,
(No rman Holland) ,
,
(
Rogers :
24) , ,
,
:

)
,
, , , desolationdeath , begg ar'
, s nurse and Caesar' s deat h
(identity) ,
shackles
(
passage) accident s and bolts up change
, , :
t he dug

,
,
(Rogers , 28 -29) ,

(Marvel) To His Coy
M istress :
,
, Let us roll all our streng th , and all
Our sw eetness , up int o one Ball :
And tear our Pleasures wi th rough
(Cleopat ra) : strif e ,
M y desolation does begin t o make T hrough t he Iron gates of life .
A bet ter life .
' T is paltry to be Caesar . (
Not being F ortune , he' s but Fo rtune' s , :
knave ,
A minister of her w ill .And it is g reat
)
29
 , :
, , ,
,
, ;

? :
,
, ,
, (technical) , ;

(
obscene)(poetic) , ,
, :
,
copulate fuck tear .
..gates of life
flatus far t die Carlyle , T .
, 1937 :
p73)
feces shit morning toast ,
v ulva cunt rose
v ulva cunt purse ;
Exchequer
,

, (technical) Rose()
(obscene) , ,
(poetic)
, ,
(My love is like a red , red
, technical , obscene rose)
, , (Richard Lovelace) :
, See ! rosy in her bow er ,
(principle of mult iple func- Her floor is all this flow er ;
tion) her bed a rosy nest
, By a bed of roses pressed .
,
, But early as she dresses ,
Why f ly you her bright tresses?
(Rogers , Ah ! I have found , I fear -
67) Because her cheeks are near .
3.2. ( ;
,
,

,
(Carlyle , T .
) ?
30
 ! ,
)
`' `' ;

(Robert Herrick)
(How Roses Came Red): , ,
Roses at first were w hi te , (Isocrates)
T ill they could not ag ree , , name and
Whether my Sapho' s breast f amein t hat they brooked
Or they more w hite should be
, ,
But being v anquished quite ,
A blush their cheeks bespread ; ,
Since w hich , believe t he rest , (Aristo tle , Rhet oric :
1408b)
T he roses first came red .
( ,


(T homas Sheridan)

,
;
, ,
)
4.1.
, rose

(fore-
g round) bow er , rosy nest :
bed 1) pupil
dresses , t resses , cheek , a student ( ), crane lif ting ma-
blush ,breast chine() ;

,
2) wolf
4. () , to behave like a
, w olf( ;
chicken
() , t o behave like a
chicken( )
:
,
31
;
,
,
,
,
,

3)
, :

5.

,


, ,
, ,

,

: 1A risto tle .1954.Rhetoric and Poetics[ M] .New

() York :
The M odern Library .
2 Basso , K .1976 .
Wise W ords in Western Apache

[ J] , in Lasso n, R.
(ed) Language , culture and
,
cognition .M acmillan Publishing Co .Inc .
1981.

3 Black, M .1962 .Models and metaphors .Cor nell
U niv ersity Press .-1979 .
M ore about metapho r ,
)
in O rtony(ed.
, , 4 Buck , G .
1971.The metaphor :a study in the
, , :
psychology of rhetoric[ M] .
CU P .
5Cassirer , E .
1946 .Language and myth[ M] .
New
York :Dover .

4.2. 6Cohen, T .
1978 .
Me taphor and the cultivation of
intimacy[ J] .
I n Sacks(ed .
).
,
7 Cooper , D .E.
1986.Metaphor[ M] .
Basil Black-
,
well.

8 Embler , Weller , 1966 .Metaphor and Meaning .
, , Everett/ Edw ards, inc .
, 9 G oatly , A .1997 .T he language of metaphors
, [ M] .
Routledge .
: 10Kittay , E.
F.1987.Metaphor , its cognitive force
and linguistic structure[ M] .
Ox fo rd:
Clarendon
32
 P ress. New Yo rk :Ox fo rd U niversity Press.
11 K uhn , T .1979.M etaphor in science [ J] , in 19 Ricoeur , P .
1977.T he R ule of Metaphor[ M] .
)
O rtony(ed. Routledge & K egan P aul.
12Lakoff , G .& Johnson, M .
1980 .Metaphors we 20 Rogers , R .1974 .Metaphor , a psychoanalytic
live by[ M] .U niversity of Chicago P ress. view[ M] .
U niversity of Calio rnia P ress.
13Lakoff , G .& M .
T ur ner .
1989.More than cool 21Sapir , J .
D .& Crocker , J.
C.(eds.
).1977 .The
reason -a field guide to poetic metaphor[ M] . social use of metaphor :essays on the anthropol-
The U nivesity of Chicago Press. ogy of rhetoric[ C] .
U niversity of Penn .
P ress.
14 Lakoff, G .1987 .Women , fire , and dangerous 22 .[ M] .
, 1993.
things :w hat categories reveal about the mind 23 . [ M] .

[ M] .
University of Chicago Press. .1995 3 .
15M ac Co rmac , E .
R.1985 .A cognitive theory of 24 .
metaphor[ M] .
M I T Press. [ J] .
.1996 2 .
16M ooij , J .
J.A.
1976 .
A Study of Metaphor[ M] . 25 . [ J] .

N orth -Holland Publishing Company . .1996 2 .
17O rtony , A .
(ed).
1979.Metaphor and thought 26 . [ M] .

[ M] .
Cambridge U niversity P ress. , 1995 .
18Richards, A .
1965 .The Philosophy of Rhetoric .

1984 , ,
1992 , 1997
,
, ,
, ,
,



, 3.50 , 1.00
) 18
(
, :
350007

33
2000 2 2000, 2
100 FO REIG N LANG UA GE RESEA RCH Serial 100

Abstracts of major papers in this issue

On the cognitive , psychological and linguistic causes for the emergence of metaphor , by Su
Dingf ang , p .
23
T he basic argument in this thesis is that complex factors gave rise the phenomeno n of metapho r .T he Pov erty of
thought was a crucial factor in the emergence of root o r radical metaphors w hose me taphorical nature was only to
be felt o r discovered when human cog nitiv e ability developed to a cer tain degree .T he primary thoug ht process al-
so play ed a part in the employment o f metaphor fo r the expression of human desires and human nature .I t was
o nly later that metaphor was used fo r rhetorical purposes and as ornament for or dinary lang uage use and , for the
fun of it.

(Network
Time),
,


,
,
.
40

.








,

-

,




.
-

(N etw ork)


-

.


,

,














-

.

-

,


,
.
46

-









.

92