LTE PHY Overview

Gwanmo Ku

Adaptive Signal Processing and Information Theory Research Group

Nov. 4, 2011
Outline
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LTE Introduction

LTE PHY Standard Descriptions

Protocol Architecture

Standard Docs.

Parameters

Frame Structures

PHY Resources

Modulation, Channel Coding, and Physical Channels

References
 2/11

LTE Introduction
Why LTE?
4/25

Continuity of
Higher Data Rate Packet Switch
Competitiveness
QoS Optimized System
of 3G System

LTE

High Spectral Efficiency

Very Low Latency

Support of Variable Bandwidth

(Reference: http://www.3gpp.org/LTE)
LTE Multiple Access
5/25

Base Station
(eNB)
DL : OFDMA with CP

UL : DFTS-OFDMA with CP
Mobile
(UE)

DL (Downlink), UL (Uplink), CP (Cyclic Prefix)

eNB (e Node B), UE (User Equipment)

DFTS-OFDMA (DFT Spread OFDMA) : also called as SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)

(Reference : p7, 3GPP TS 36.201 V8.3.0 (2009-03))

OFDMA & SC-FDMA
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OFDMA

Bits Constellation Mapping Add CP

Subcarrier
& - DFT - IFFT &
Mapping
S/P P/S

DFT Spread

+ SC-FDMA (DFT Spread OFDMA)

S/P (Serial to Parallel Conversion), P/S (Parallel to Serial Conversion)

: Used Subcarriers

: Total Subcarriers

(Reference : p. 71, 3GPP TR 25.814 V7.1.0 (2006-09))

 2/11

LTE PHY Standard Descriptions

LTE Protocol Architecture
9/25

LTE Protocol Architecture around PHY

Layer 3 Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Logical Channels
Control /
Layer 2 Medium Access Control (MAC) Measurements

Transport Channels

Layer 1 Physical Layer (PHY)

Logical Channels : Type of information transferred

Transport Channels : How the information is transferred

(Reference : p. 7, 3GPP TS 36.201 V8.3.0 (2009-03))

 LTE PHY Standard Docs.
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Rel-8 36 Series : LTE

Requirements Rel-9 36 Series : LTE with Enhancement
Rel-10, 11, 36 Series : LTE Advanced
Rel-8 362XX : LTE PHY Technical Spec.
36201 : LTE PHY General Descriptions
Layer 1 36211 : Physical channels and modulation
36.212 : Multiplexing and channel coding
36.213 : Physical layer procedures
Layer 2 & 3
36.214 : Physical layer Measurements
PHY Parameters
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DL/UL Parameters
System BW [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

# Resource Blocks 6 15 25 50 75 100

= 2048
FFT Size
= . - 4096*

= 12
# Subcarriers per RB
= . - 24*

= 72 180 300 600 900 1200

# Used Subcarriers
= . - 2400*

Sampling Rate [MHz] 1.92 3.84 7.68 15.36 23.04 30.72

Subcarrier Spacing = 15 UL/DL, = 7.5 DL only

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09))

PHY Parameters CP Length
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One Slot
0.5 ms (500 s)

DL/UL Normal CP
5.2083 4.6875

0 Symbol 0 1 Symbol 1 2 Symbol 2 3 Symbol 3 4 Symbol 4 5 Symbol 5 6 Symbol 6

66.6667

DL/UL Extended CP with Freq. Spacing 15 KHz

66.6667

cp0 Symbol 0 CP1 Symbol 1 CP2 Symbol 2 CP3 Symbol 3 CP4 Symbol 4 CP5 Symbol 5

16.6666

DL Extended CP with Freq. Spacing 7.5 KHz

133.33

cp0 Symbol 0 CP1 Symbol 1 CP2 Symbol 2

33.333

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

 Operating Bands (700 MHz)
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FDD Uplink FDD Downlink TDD
LTE Recommendation
700 750 800
MHz 699 716 729 746 756 758 768 777 787 788 798

Band 12 Band 12 Band 13 Band 14 Band 13 Band 14

704 716

Band 17 Band 17

757 776

C C

Verizon LTE Plan in US

FCC Upper 700 MHz Band C

FCC Band in US

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)

[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf
 Operating Bands (800 MHz)
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FDD Uplink FDD Downlink TDD
LTE Recommendation
800 850 750 900 950
MHz 824 849 869 894 960

Band 5 Band 5

830 840 875 885

Band 6 Band 6

880 915 925

Band 8 Band 8

Cellular Cellular

FCC Cellular Band

But unavailable for LTE

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)

[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf
 Operating Bands (1700-2200 MHz)
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FDD Uplink FDD Downlink TDD
LTE Recommendation
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200
MHz 1710 1785 1805 1880 1920 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170

Band 3 Band 3 Band 39 Band 1 Band 34 Band 1

1770 1850 1910 1930 1990

Band 10 Band 35 Band 37 Band 36 Band 10

1755 2155

Band 4 Band 2 Band 2 Band 4

1749.9 1784.9 1844.9 1879.9

Band 9 Band 9 Band33

FCC
PCS Broadband and
Advanced Wireless Services (AWS)
AWS1 PCS Broadband PCS Broadband AWS1

AT&T LTE Plan : AWS band

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)

[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf
 Operating Bands (1400 & 2300-2700 MHz)
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FDD Uplink FDD Downlink TDD
LTE Recommendation
1400 1500 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700
MHz 1427.9 1447.9 1475.9 1495.9 2570 2620 2690

Band11 Band11 Band 40 Band 7 Band38 Band 7

FCC
Broadband Radio Service (BRS) and
Educational Broadband Service (EBS)

BRS 2502 2602 2673.5 2690

But
EBS LTE available
BRS + EBS BW upto 5MHz

References : [1] 3GPP TS 36.101 V8.15.0 (2011-09)

[2] FCC Doc. : http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf
 Frame Structure
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Frame Structure Type 1 : FDD

Frame Structure Type 2 : TDD

5ms
Switch

10ms
Switch

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

Frame Structure TDD (Cont.)
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UL/DL Configurations
DL to UL Sub-frame Number
UL-DL
Switch Point
Configuration
Periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D

Subframe Index : D (Downlink), U (Uplink), S (Special)

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

PHY Resources
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Resources in LTE

Resources : # Usable Subcarriers

Resource Block & Slot

Frequency
0.5 ms
Slot Time

Resourcce Block
BW
180 kHz

time

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

PHY Resources UL Slot Structure
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Frequency
BW [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Nullities

6 15 25 50 75 100

SC-FDMA Symbols
128 256 512 1024 1536 2048

Configuration

Normal CP 12 7



Extended CP 12 6

Configuration CP Length

160 for 0th Symbol

Normal CP
144 for 1~6th Symbol

Extended CP 512 for 0~5th Symbol
Nullities
time
1 Slot

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

PHY Resources DL Slot Structure
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Frequency
BW [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Nullities

6 15 25 50 75 100

OFDMA Symbols
128 256 512 1024 1536 2048

Configuration

Normal CP = 15 12 7

= 15 12 6

Extended CP
= 7.5 24 3

Configuration CP Length

160 for 0th Symbol

Normal CP = 15
144 for 1~6th Symbol

= 15 512 for 0~5th Symbol

Extended CP
= 7.5 1024 for 0-2nd Symbol
Nullities
time
1 Slot

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

Modulations, Coding, Physical Channels
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Modulations
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Channel Coding

Turbo Coding

Physical Channels

DL Physical Channels

PDSCH, PDCCH, PCFICH, PBCH, PMCH, PHICH

UL Physical Channels

PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH

(Reference : 3GPP TS 36.212 V8.8.0 (2009-12))

Future Work (Next Talk)
23/25

LTE

Resource Allocation

AMC
(Adaptive Modulation and Coding)
 2/11

References
References
25/25

LTE related Webpages

http://www.3gpp.org : 3GPP Standard Web

http://www.fcc.gov/ : FCC

http://wireless.fcc.gov/uls/ : FCC Band License Search

LTE Standard Docs. Release 8 Technical Specs.

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/latest/Rel-8/36_series/

FCC Useful Doc. 15th Report

http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2011/db0630/FCC-11-103A1.pdf

DFTS-OFDMA (SC-FDMA)

http://sites.google.com/site/hgmyung/scfdma