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Lab Task 4: : Industrial Automation and Wireless Sensor

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ANSWER SCHEME LABORATORY 2

JCB 10103 INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS
CONTROL
PREPARED BY: ERNIE MAZUIN BINTI MOHD YUSOF

1.0 OBJECTIVE
1.1 To illustrate the automation pyramid model diagram and gain familiarization
on the relationship and functionality of each level of it.
1.2 To sketch the diagram of one of the types of wireless network and obtain the
details on it.

2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 AUTOMATION PYRAMID MODEL
Nowadays, manufacturing processes need to be integrated to achieve
productivity, efficiency and consistency. In order to integrate the
manufacturing processes, a plant-floor automated solutions are introduced.
The automation pyramid model has started since the 1980s. It was developed
from control technology. It is also a form of industrial communication that
caters for the visualization of industrial manufacturing and its techniques. In
general, this model breaks down the data transmission and processing for the
manufacturing processes plant-wide.

2.2 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Since 1990, the WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) becomes reality due to 3
technologies; Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), Digital electronics
and Wireless Radio Frequency (RF) communications. WSN is a wireless
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Lab Task 4: : Industrial Automation and Wireless Sensor

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network that consists of sensors. These sensors are independently distributed

for the purpose of monitoring physical or environmental conditions.

3.0 TASK
3.1 Sketch the diagram of the automation pyramid. Include the explanation for
each layer.
(8 marks)
ANSWER:

OR
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OR
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(or page 35 Mehta book)

Industrial Automation is the replacement with computers and machines to
that
of human thinking. The word Automation gives the meaning self dictating or
amechanism move by itself that derived from the Greek words Auto and Matos
where auto means self while Matos means moving.

In a brief, industrial automation can be defined as the use of set technologies

and automatic control devices that results the automatic operation and control of
industrial processes without significant human intervention and achieving superior
performance than manual control. These automation devices include PLCs, PCs,
PACs, etc. and technologies include various industrial communication systems.

Control Level

This level consists of various automation devices like CNC machines, PLCs, etc.,
which acquires the process parameters from various sensors. The automatic
controllers drive the actuators based on the processed sensor signals and program
or control technique.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are most widely used robust industrial
controllers which are capable of delivering automatic control functions based on
input from sensors. It consists of various modules like CPU, analog I/O, digital I/O
and communication modules. It allows the operator to program a control function or
strategy to perform certain automatic operation on process.

Supervising and Production Control Level

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In this level, automatic devices and monitoring system facilitates the controlling and
intervening functions like Human Machine Interface (HMI), supervising various
parameters, setting production targets, historical archiving, setting machine start
and shutdown, etc.

Mostly, either Distribution Control System (DCS) or Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) HMIs are popularly used in this level.

Information or Enterprise Level

This is the top level of the industrial automation which manages the whole
automation system. The tasks of this level include production planning, customer
and market analysis, orders and sales, etc. So it deals more with commercial
activities and less with technical aspects.

And also industrial communication networks are most prominent in industrial

automation systems which transfer the information from one level to the other. So
these are present in all the levels of automation system to provide continuous flow
of information. This communication network can be different one level to the other.
Some of these networks include RS485, CAN, DeviceNet, Foundation Field bus,
Profibus, etc.

From the above hierarchy we can conclude that there is continuous information flow from
high level to low level and vice-versa. If we assume this graphical way, it is like a pyramid
in which as we go up, the information gets aggregated and while going down, we get
detailed information about the process.
OR
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The first level or field level comprises the physical devices existing in industry
such as actuators and sensors.
The second level or control level includes logical devices such as PCs, PLCs,
PIDs, etc.
The supervisory level (third level) corresponds to control and data acquisition
systems (SCADA).
The manufacturing execution systems or MES are at a higher level or planning
level.
The top of the pyramid (management level) is comprised of the companys
integrated management system (ERP).

3.2 With the aid of a diagram, evaluate the term Wireless Metropolitan Area
Network (WMAN). Indicate another term for WMAN.
(2 marks)
ANSWER:
- Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WiMANs): provide wireless
connectivity across a geographical area the size of a city. (1 pt)
- Wireless metropolitan area networks are a type of network that connects
several Wireless LANs.
- WiMAX (0.5 pt) is the term used to refer to WMAN and is covered in IEEE
802.16d/802.16e.
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Diagram (0.5 pt)

Wireless MANs:

OR
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4.0 REPORT FORMAT

4.1 Please refer to 4.3 LAB 4 JCB 30503 REPORT FORMAT.docx for
the format of your report.

5.0 ADDITIONAL REFERENCE

1. B. R. Mehta and Y. J. Reddy (2015). Industrial Process Automation
Systems Design and Implementation. Elsevier Inc.

END OF WORKSHEET