0LFURZDYH3KRWRQLF6LJQDO*HQHUDWLRQIRU5DGDU

$SSOLFDWLRQV

)DQJ]KHQJ=KDQJMember, IEEEDQG6KLORQJ3DQ
Senior Member, IEEE
&ROOHJHRI(OHFWURQLFDQG,QIRUPDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ1DQMLQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI$HURQDXWLFVDQG$VWURQDXWLFV
.H\/DERUDWRU\RI5DGDU,PDJLQJDQG0LFURZDYH3KRWRQLFV0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQ1DQMLQJ&KLQD
(PDLOSDQV#QXDDHGXFQ



Abstract-Signal source is a key component in both the PLFURZDYH SKRWRQLFV KDV EHHQ FRQVLGHU DV D YHU\ SURFHVVLQJ
transmitter and the receiver of a radar system, and its property WHFKQLTXHLQIXWXUHUDGDUV\VWHPV
determines the performance of the radar system. Currently, the
signal generation based on pure electronic technologies is limited ,QWKLVUHSRUWWKHUHFHQWSURJUHVVRIUDGDUVLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQ
in aspects of carrier frequency, signal bandwidth, and noise E\PLFURZDYHSKRWRQLFWHFKQRORJLHVLVUHYLHZHG6SHFLILFDOO\
properties, which cannot meet the requirement of high frequency, WKHJHQHUDWLRQRIKLJKTXDOLW\ORFDORVFLOODWRUVLJQDOEDVHGRQ
large bandwidth and low noise signals in further high RSWRHOHFWURQLF RVFLOODWRUV 2(2V DQG WKH JHQHUDWLRQ RI
performance radar applications. Microwave photonics, as a
newly arisen and promising technology, can generate microwave
signals with the advantages of high frequency, large bandwidth
and superior noise performance. This paper presents the recent
progress of radar signal generation by microwave photonic
technologies. Specifically, the generation of high-quality local
oscillator signal based on optoelectronic oscillators, and the
generation of phase-coded or linear frequency modulated (LFM)
microwave signals are discussed. Through the analysis of the
above techniques, it is found that microwave photonic signal
generation is a promising solution to break through the
bottleneck in current radar signal generations.
, ,1752'8&7,21
5DGDULVDYHU\LPSRUWLQYHQWLRQLQWKFHQWXU\ZKLFKFDQ
GHWHFW WKH GLVWDQFH SRVLWLRQ RU VSHHG RI D WDUJHW E\
WUDQVPLWWLQJ DQ HOHFWURPDJQHWLF VLJQDO DQG WKHQ UHFHLYLQJ WKH
UHIOHFWHG ZDYH ,W KDV EHHQ ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ ERWK PLOLWDU\ DQG
SKDVHFRGHG DQG OLQHDU IUHTXHQF\ PRGXODWHG /)0
PLFURZDYHVLJQDOVDUHGLVFXVVHG7KHUHVXOWVFDQFRQILUPWKDW
PLFURZDYH SKRWRQLF VLJQDO JHQHUDWLRQ KDV WKH DGYDQWDJHV RI
KLJK IUHTXHQF\ ZLGH EDQGZLGWK DQG JRRG QRLVH SURSHUWLHV
ZKLFKLVH[SHFWHGWRKDYHZLGHDSSOLFDWLRQVIRUIXUWKHUUDGDU
VLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQV
,, 0,&52:$9(3+2721,&6,*1$/*(1(5$7,21
A. LO Signal Generation by OEO
$Q /2 VLJQDO JHQHUDWRU LV HVVHQWLDO LQ ERWK WKH WUDQVPLWWHU
DQG UHFHLYHU RI D UDGDU V\VWHP ,WV EDVLF DSSOLFDWLRQ LV WR
LPSOHPHQW IUHTXHQF\ XSGRZQFRQYHUVLRQ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH
RSHUDWLRQ EDQG RI WKH UDGDU 7R DFKLHYH D JRRG GHWHFWLRQ
SHUIRUPDQFH D KLJK TXDOLW\ /2 LV KLJKO\ GHVLUDEOH 7R GHDO
ZLWK WKH OLPLWDWLRQV VXFK DV ORZ FDUULHU IUHTXHQF\ DQG SRRU
QRLVH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WUDGLWLRQDO HOHFWULFDO /2 VLJQDO
FLYLO DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH VLJQDO VRXUFH LV D NH\ FRPSRQHQW LQ JHQHUDWRUVRSWRHOHFWURQLFRVFLOODWRU2(2DQRYHORVFLOODWRU
ERWKWKHWUDQVPLWWHUDQGWKHUHFHLYHURIDUDGDUV\VWHPDQGLWV UHDOL]HGEDVHGRQPLFURZDYHSKRWRQLFWHFKQRORJLHVKDVEHHQ
SURSHUW\ GHWHUPLQHV WKH UDGDU SHUIRUPDQFH 7KH UHTXLUHG SURSRVHGDQGDWWUDFWHGDORWRIDWWHQWLRQ
VLJQDOV LQ D UDGDU V\VWHP LQFOXGH D VLQJOHIUHTXHQF\ VLJQDO
ZRUNLQJDVWKHORFDORVFLOODWRU/2DQGDVSHFLILFZDYHIRUP Laser EOM
ZKLFK LV XVXDOO\ D SKDVHFRGHG VLJQDO RU D OLQHDU IUHTXHQF\ Optical
PRGXODWHG /)0 VLJQDO 7UDGLWLRQDOO\ WKH /2 VLJQDO LV out
Fiber
JHQHUDWHG E\ D FU\VWDO RVFLOODWRU DQG WKH WUDQVPLWWHG
PD
ZDYHIRUP LV JHQHUDWHG E\ D GLUHFW GLJLWDO V\QWKHVL]HU''6
Phase
7KHVH VLJQDOV DUH XVXDOO\ OLPLWHG LQ DVSHFWV RI FDUULHU shifter
IUHTXHQF\ VLJQDO EDQGZLGWK DQG QRLVH SURSHUWLHV ZKLFK
FDQQRW PHHW WKH UHTXLUHPHQW IRU KLJK IUHTXHQF\ ODUJH
EDQGZLGWK DQG ORZ QRLVH VLQJOHV LQ IXWXUH UDGDU V\VWHPV 7R
Electrical
FRSH ZLWK WKH DERYH SUREOHPV PLFURZDYH SKRWRQLFV Amplifier EBPF
out
WHFKQRORJLHV KDYH EHHQ SURSRVHG WR JHQHUDWH KLJK TXDOLW\ 
PLFURZDYH VLJQDOV 7KH DGYDQWDJHV RI PLFURZDYH SKRWRQLF )LJVFKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRIDW\SLFDO2(2
VLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQLQFOXGHKLJKIUHTXHQF\ODUJHEDQGZLGWKDQG 7KH 2(2 LV ILUVW UHSRUWHG E\ ; <DR et al LQ  >@ ,W
VXSHULRU QRLVH SURSHUWLHV ,Q  D SKRWRQLF EDVHG IXOO\ FDQWUHDWHGDVDPLFURZDYHRVFLOODWRUXVLQJRSWLFDOGHYLFHVDV
GLJLWDO UDGDU V\VWHP ZDV GHPRQVWUDWHG ZKHUH PLFURZDYH WKHHQHUJ\VWRUDJHHOHPHQW+RZHYHUEHVLGHVWKHPLFURZDYH
SKRWRQLF WHFKQLTXHV SOD\HG D OHDGLQJ UROH >@ &XUUHQWO\ RXWSXWWKDWLVFRQFHUQHGLQWKLVUHSRUWWKH2(2KDVDQRSWLFDO

978-1-4673-8194-9/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE

RXWSXW PDNLQJ LW XVHIXO LQ PDQ\ RSWLFDO VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ D VKRUW RSWLFDO SXOVH WUDLQ WR KDYH D VSHFWUDO SURILOH RI WKH
V\VWHPV$VVKRZQLQ)LJDW\SLFDO2(2FRQVLVWVRIDODVHU SKDVHFRGHG RU /)0 VLJQDO $IWHU )770 LQ D GLVSHUVLRQ
VRXUFH DQ HOHFWURRSWLF PRGXODWRU (20 DQ RSWLFDO ILEHU HOHPHQW WKH LQWHQVLW\ SURILOH RI WKH RSWLFDO VSHFWUXP FDQ EH
GHOD\ OLQH D SKRWRGHWHFWRU 3' DQ HOHFWULFDO RU RSWLFDO FRQYHUWHG LQWR WKH WLPH GRPDLQ DQG D SKDVHFRGHG RU /)0
DPSOLILHU DQ HOHFWULFDO EDQGSDVV ILOWHU (%3) DQG DQ VLJQDO LV REWDLQHG $FWXDOO\ WKLV PHWKRG FDQ JHQHUDWHG
HOHFWULFDO SKDVH VKLIWHU 7KH (20 LV XVHG WR FRQYHUW WKH DUELWUDU\ZDYHIRUPVLIDSURJUDPPDEOHRSWLFDOSXOVHVKDSHULV
RVFLOODWLQJ VLJQDO IURP WKH HOHFWULFDO GRPDLQ WR WKH RSWLFDO DSSOLHG WR UHVKDSH WKH RSWLFDO VSHFWUXP +RZHYHU WKH
GRPDLQ VR WKDW LW FDQ EH WUDQVPLWWHG LQ WKH RSWLFDO ILEHU 7KH GUDZEDFNLVWKDWWKHWLPHDSHUWXUHLVXVXDOO\OHVVWKDQWHQVRI
RSWLFDOPLFURZDYHVLJQDODIWHUWUDQVPLVVLRQLVFRQYHUWHGEDFN QDQRVHFRQGV $OWKRXJK WKH JHQHUDWHG VLJQDO FDQ KDYH D
WRDPLFURZDYHVLJQDOE\WKH3'DQGGLUHFWHGWRWKH5)SRUWRI EDQGZLGWKDVODUJHDVWHQVRI*+]WKH7%:3LVVWLOOOLPLWHG
WKH (20 ,I WKH JDLQ RI WKH RSWRHOHFWURQLF IHHGEDFN ORRS LV ZLWKLQVHYHUDOKXQGUHGV
JUHDWHU WKDQ XQLW\ ZKLFK FDQ EH JXDUDQWHHG E\ HLWKHU RSWLFDO
RUHOHFWULFDODPSOLILHUVWKH2(2EHJLQVWRRVFLOODWH7KHPRVW Pulsed Optical
Dispersive
GLVWLQFWLYH SURSHUW\ RI DQ 2(2 LV WKDW LW FDQ JHQHUDWH YHU\ Laser Spectral PD
Element (DE)
Source Shaper
KLJKIUHTXHQF\ VLJQDO DQG WKH VLJQDOKDV DYHU\ KLJK VSHFWUDO
Optical Spectral Filtered Microwave
SXULW\7KHRSHUDWLRQIUHTXHQF\RIDQ2(2FDQEHDVKLJKDV spectrum response spectrum Waveform
 *+] >@ ZKLFK LV PDLQO\ OLPLWHG WKH EDQGZLGWK RI WKH
(20 DQG WKH 3' %\ DSSO\LQJ D YHU\ ORQJ ILEHU WR VWRUH D
ODUJHDPRXQWRIHQHUJ\ZLWKYHU\OLWWOHORVVLQWKHORRSDKLJK Frequency Frequency Frequency Time
VSHFWUDOSXULW\;EDQGPLFURZDYHVLJQDOZLWKDSKDVHQRLVHDV
)LJ%DVLFSULQFLSOHRIWKHVSHFWUDOVKDSLQJIROORZHGE\)770
ORZDVG%F+]DWN+]RIIVHWLVDFKLHYHG>@
7KH UHVHDUFK ZRUNV RQ 2(2V DUH PDLQO\ IRFXVHG RQ 7KHVHFRQGNLQGRIPHWKRGIRUSKDVHFRGHGRU/)0VLJQDO
LPSURYLQJWKHSKDVHQRLVH>@VXSSUHVVLQJWKHXQGHVLUHGVLGH JHQHUDWLRQ LV UHDOL]HG E\ LQWURGXFLQJ D VSHFLDO SKDVH
PRGHV >@ UHGXFLQJ WKH 2(2 VL]H >@ LQFUHDVLQJ WKH ORQJ GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWZRRSWLFDOFDUULHUVDQGWKHQVHQWWKHPWRD
WHUPVWDELOLW\>@DQGHQDEOLQJWKHIUHTXHQF\WXQDELOLW\>@HWF 3'IRUIUHTXHQF\KHWHURG\QLQJDVVKRZQLQ)LJ)RUSKDVH
7RUHDOL]HWKHVHJRDOVWKHPHDVXUHVDUHWRSURSRVHLQQRYDWLYH FRGHG VLJQDO JHQHUDWLRQ D VWHSSKDVH FKDQJH VKRXOG EH
DUFKLWHFWXUHV RSWLPL]H WKH SDUDPHWHUV RI WKH FRPSRQHQWV LQWURGXFHG )RU /)0 VLJQDO JHQHUDWLRQ WKH SKDVH GLIIHUHQFH
UHSODFH WKH ORQJ ILEHU GHOD\V E\ LQWHJUDWHG KLJK4 RSWLFDO VKRXOG KDYH D SDUDEROLF SURILOH 7R JHQHUDWH D SKDVH VWDEOH
HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH HOHPHQWV RU FKDQJH WKH IUHTXHQF\IL[HG SKDVHFRGHGRU/)0VLJQDOWKHWZRRSWLFDOFDUULHUVVKRXOGEH
HOHFWULFDO ILOWHU WR IUHTXHQF\WXQDEOH HOHFWULFDO ILOWHUV RU FRKHUHQW ZLWK HDFK RWKHU DQG WKH\ DUH XVXDOO\ JHQHUDWHG E\
PLFURZDYH SKRWRQLF ILOWHUV 03)V 9HU\ UHFHQWO\ DQRWKHU
LQWHUHVWLQJ WRSLF LV SURSRVHG QDPHO\ WKH PXOWLIUHTXHQF\
2(2 $ PXOWLIUHTXHQF\ 2(2 LV DLPHG WR VLPXOWDQHRXVO\
JHQHUDWH PXOWLSOH VLQJOHIUHTXHQF\ VLJQDOV DW GLIIHUHQW
IUHTXHQFLHV EDVHG RQ D VLQJOH 2(2 VWUXFWXUH >@ ZKLFK LV
HVSHFLDOO\DWWUDFWLYHIRUPXOWLEDQGUDGDUV
B. Phase-coded and LFM Signal Generation
,Q PRGHUQ UDGDU V\VWHPV SKDVHFRGHG RU OLQHDU IUHTXHQF\
GULYLQJ DQ (20 ZLWK D UDGLR IUHTXHQF\ 5) 7KHQ WKH WZR
FDUULHUV DUH VHSDUDWHG HLWKHU LQ WKH IUHTXHQF\ GRPDLQ XVLQJ
ZDYHOHQJWK VHOHFWLYH GHYLFHV >@ RU LQ WKH SRODUL]DWLRQ
GRPDLQ XVLQJ SRODUL]DWLRQ GHSHQGHQW GHYLFHV > @ $IWHU
WKDW RQH RI WKH RSWLFDO FDUULHUV LV SKDVH PRGXODWHG E\ WKH
FRGLQJVLJQDORUDSDUDEROLFVLJQDOEHIRUHWKHWZRFDUULHUVDUH
FRPELQHGDJDLQDQGVHQWWRD3'$SUREOHPDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
WKLVPHWKRGLVWKDWWKHLQGHSHQGHQWRSHUDWLRQRIWKHVHSDUDWHG
PRGXODWHG /)0 VLJQDO LV ZLGHO\ XVHG DV WKH WUDQVPLWWHG
ZDYHIRUP7KHUHDVRQIRUWKHSRSXODURIWKHVHWZRZDYHIRUPV
LV WKDW DVVLVWHG E\ SXOVH FRPSUHVVLRQ WHFKQLTXH D SKDVH
FRGHG RU /)0 VLJQDO FDQ HIIHFWLYHO\ LQFUHDVH WKH GHWHFWLRQ
UDQJH DQG DW WKH VDPH WLPH LPSURYH WKH UDQJH UHVROXWLRQ ,Q
PRVW RI WKH FDVHV WKH WUDQVPLWWHG ZDYHIRUP LV H[SHFWHG WR
RSWLFDO FDUULHUV XVLQJ QRQLQWHJUDWHG GHYLFHV ZRXOG GHJUDGH
WKHVWDELOLW\RIWKHJHQHUDWHGSKDVHFRGHGVLJQDO$VDUHVXOW
WKHSKDVHFRGHGRU/)0VLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQVFKHPHVEDVHGRQ
WKH DERYH SULQFLSOH LV H[SHFWHG WR LPSOHPHQW WKH FDUULHU
JHQHUDWLRQ VHSDUDWLRQ DQG PRGXODWLRQ ZLWK LQ D VLQJOH
SK\VLFDOFKDQQHORUDQLQWHJUDWHGGHYLFH>@
KDYH D ODUJH WLPHEDQGZLGWK SURGXFW 7%:3 :KLOH WKH
SKDVHFRGHG RU /)0 VLJQDO JHQHUDWHG E\ DQ HOHFWULFDO ''6 Laser EOM Introduce a
KDV D OLPLWHG EDQGZLGWK XVXDOO\ OHVV WKDQ VHYHUDO *+] Optical
phase difference
carrier
UHVXOWLQJLQDVPDOOD7%:3,QRUGHUWRJHQHUDWHSKDVHFRGHG separation
to the optical
Optical carrier carriers PD
RU/)0VLJQDOVZLWKD7%:3PLFURZDYHSKRWRQLFWHFKQLTXHV generation
DUHDOVRDGRSWHG
7KHILUVWNLQGRISKRWRQLFPHWKRGIRUSKDVHFRGHGRU/)0 )LJSKDVHFRGHGRU/)0VLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQE\LQWURGXFLQJDSKDVH
VLJQDO JHQHUDWLRQ LV UHDOL]HG E\ RSWLFDO VSHFWUDO VKDSLQJ GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WZR RSWLFDO FDUULHUV IROORZHG WKHQ IUHTXHQF\
IROORZHG E\ IUHTXHQF\ WR WLPH PDSSLQJ )770 > @ DV KHWHURG\QLQJ
VKRZQLQ)LJ7KHEDVLFSULQFLSOHLVWRUHVKDSHWKHVSHFWUDO
 )RU/)0VLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQWKHUHDUHWZRVSHFLDOVROXWLRQV
:KHQDVKRUWRSWLFDOSXOVHSURSDJDWHVDORQJDGLVSHUVLYHILEHU
D TXDGUDWLF SDUDEROLF SKDVH SURILOH FDQ EH LPSRVHG WR WKH
RSWLFDOSXOVH,IWKLVRSWLFDOSXOVHLVVHQWWRD3'WRJHWKHUZLWK
>@ ; <DR DQG / 0DOHNL 2SWRHOHFWURQLF PLFURZDYH RVFLOODWRU Journal
of the Optical Society of America BYROQRSS
>@+3HQJ&=KDQJHWDO7XQDEOH'&*+]5)*HQHUDWLRQ8WLOL]LQJ
D 'XDO/RRS 2SWRHOHFWURQLF 2VFLOODWRU %DVHG RQ 6WLPXODWHG %ULOORXLQ
6FDWWHULQJJournal of Lightwave TechnologyYROQRSS

D FRQWLQXRXV ZDYH RSWLFDO FDUULHU RU DQRWKHU WHPSRUDOO\
DOLJQHG RSWLFDO SXOVH ZLWKRXW GLVSHUVLRQ RU ZLWK RSSRVLWH
GLVSHUVLRQDQ/)0LVJHQHUDWHG%DVHGRQWKLVSULQFLSOH/)0
VLJQDOV ZLWK D EDQGZLGWK DV ODUJH DV  *+] LV HDVLO\
JHQHUDWHG >@ +RZHYHU WKH WHPSRUDO GXUDWLRQ RI WKH
JHQHUDWHG VLJQDO LV RQO\ D IHZ QDQRVHFRQGV ZKLFK OHDGV D
VPDOO 7%:3 OHVV WKDQ  7KH RWKHU VSHFLDO VROXWLRQ IRU
/)0 VLJQDO JHQHUDWLRQ LV UHDOL]HG E\ EHDWLQJ D ZDYHOHQJWK
>@ 2(ZDYHV ,QF $GYDQFHG 2SWR(OHFWURQLF 2VFLOODWRU 2(2 $FFHVVHG
DWKWWSZZZRHZDYHVFRPDGYDQFHGRHRVS
>@ ' (OL\DKX ' 6HLGHO DQG / 0DOHNL 5) DPSOLWXGH DQG SKDVHQRLVH
UHGXFWLRQ RI DQ RSWLFDO OLQN DQG DQ RSWRHOHFWURQLF RVFLOODWRU IEEE
Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques YRO  QR SS

>@   : =KRX DQG * %ODVFKH ,QMHFWLRQORFNHG GXDO RSWRHOHFWURQLF
RVFLOODWRUZLWKXOWUDORZSKDVHQRLVHDQGXOWUDORZVSXULRXVOHYHOIEEE
Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, YRO  QR  SS

VZHHSLQJ GLVWULEXWHG IHHGEDFN ')% ODVHU ZLWK DQRWKHU >@3=KRX63DQHWDO$FRPSDFWRSWRHOHFWURQLFRVFLOODWRUEDVHGRQDQ
HOHFWURDEVRUSWLRQPRGXODWHGODVHUIEEE Photonics Technology Letters,
RSWLFDO FDUULHU >@ 6LQFH WKH IUHTXHQF\ VZHHSLQJ UDQJH LV YROQRSS
ODUJHVXE7+]DQGWKHVZHHSLQJVSHHGFDQEHVORZHGGRZQ
WKLV PHWKRG FDQ JHQHUDWH /)0 VLJQDOV ZLWK D YHU\ ODUJH
7%:3RYHU
 3HURWODVHUGLRGHZLWKH[WHUQDORSWLFDOLQMHFWLRQOptics Letters,YRO
,,, &21&/86,216
,Q WKLV UHSRUW WKH UHFHQW GHYHORSPHQW RI PLFURZDYH
SKRWRQLFVLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQLQFOXGLQJKLJKTXDOLW\/2VLJQDOV
SKDVHFRGHGDQG/)0VLJQDOVLVUHYLHZHGDQGGLVFXVVHG:LWK
WKH DGYDQWDJHV RI KLJK IUHTXHQF\ ODUJH EDQGZLGWK VXSHULRU
QRLVH SHUIRUPDQFH DQG LPPXQLW\ IURP (0, LQWHUIHUHQFH
PLFURZDYHSKRWRQLFVLJQDOJHQHUDWLRQLVDSURPLVLQJVROXWLRQ
WREUHDNWKURXJKWKHHOHFWULFERWWOHQHFNLQFXUUHQWUDGDUVLJQDO
JHQHUDWLRQ DQG LW PD\ SOD\ D OHDGLQJ UROH LQ IXWXUH UDGDU
V\VWHPV
$&.12:/('*0(17
7KLV ZRUN ZDV VXSSRUWHG LQ SDUW E\ WKH  3URJUDP
>@-.LPDQG'&KR2SWRHOHFWURQLFRVFLOODWRUVWDELOL]HGWRDQLQWUDORRS
)DEU\3HURWFDYLW\E\DGXDOVHUYRV\VWHPOptics ExpressYROQR
SS
>@  6 3DQ  DQG - <DR :LGHEDQG DQG IUHTXHQF\WXQDEOH PLFURZDYH
JHQHUDWLRQ XVLQJ DQ RSWRHOHFWURQLF RVFLOODWRU LQFRUSRUDWLQJ D )DEU\
QRSS
>@ 3 =KRX ) =KDQJ DQG 6 3DQ $ 0XOWLIUHTXHQF\ 2SWRHOHFWURQLF
2VFLOODWRU EDVHG RQ D 6LQJOH 3KDVH0RGXODWRU Conference on Lasers
and Electro-Optics (CLEO2015)0D\3DSHU-7K$
>@ - &KRX < +DQ DQG % -DODOL $GDSWLYH 5)SKRWRQLF DUELWUDU\
ZDYHIRUPJHQHUDWRUIEEE Photonics Technology Letters,YROQR
SS
>@ ) =KDQJ ; *H 6 3DQ DQG - <DR 3KRWRQLF JHQHUDWLRQ RI SXOVHG
PLFURZDYHVLJQDOVZLWKWXQDEOHIUHTXHQF\DQGSKDVHEDVHGRQVSHFWUDO
VKDSLQJDQGIUHTXHQF\WRWLPHPDSSLQJOptics Letters,YROQR
SS
>@ + -LDQJ / <DQ - <H : 3DQ % /XR DQG ; =RX 3KRWRQLF
JHQHUDWLRQ RI SKDVHFRGHG PLFURZDYH VLJQDOV ZLWK WXQDEOH FDUULHU
IUHTXHQF\Optics Letters,YROQRSS
>@=/L0/L+&KL; =KDQJDQG-3<DR3KRWRQLFJHQHUDWLRQRI
SKDVHFRGHG PLOOLPHWHUZDYH VLJQDO ZLWK ODUJH IUHTXHQF\ WHQDELOLW\
XVLQJ D SRODUL]DWLRQPDLQWDLQLQJ ILEHU %UDJJ JUDWLQJ IEEE Microw.
Wire. Compon. Lett.YROQRSS
>@ + &KL DQG - <DR 3KRWRQLF JHQHUDWLRQ RI SKDVHFRGHG PLOOLPHWHU
ZDYH VLJQDO XVLQJ D SRODUL]DWLRQ PRGXODWRU IEEE Microw. Wireless
&% WKH 16)& SURJUDP   &RPSRQ/HWWYROQRSS
>@ ) =KDQJ ; *H % *DR DQG 6 3DQ 3KDVHFRGHG PLFURZDYH VLJQDO
 WKH 16)& SURJUDP RI -LDQJVX 3URYLQFH JHQHUDWLRQ EDVHG RQ D VLQJOH HOHFWURRSWLFDO PRGXODWRU IRU DFFXUDWH
%. WKH $YLDWLRQ 6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ RI &KLQD GLVWDQFHPHDVXUHPHQWOptics Express,YROQRSS
=&WKH-LDQJVX3ODQQHG3URMHFWVIRU3RVWGRFWRUDO 
>@ < =KDQJ DQG 6 3DQ *HQHUDWLRQ RI SKDVHFRGHG PLFURZDYH VLJQDOV
5HVHDUFK )XQGV % WKH 3RVWGRFWRUDO 6FLHQFH XVLQJ D SRODUL]DWLRQPRGXODWRUEDVHG SKRWRQLF PLFURZDYH SKDVH
)RXQGDWLRQ RI &KLQD 7 0 DQG WKH
)XQGDPHQWDO5HVHDUFK)XQGVIRU&HQWUDO8QLYHUVLWLHV
5()(5(1&(6
>@ 3 *KHOIL ) /DJKH]]D HW DO $ IXOO\ SKRWRQLFVEDVHG FRKHUHQW UDGDU
V\VWHPNatureYROSS0DU

VKLIWHUOptics LettersYROQRSS
>@+*DR&/HLHWDO$VLPSOHSKRWRQLFJHQHUDWLRQRIOLQHDUO\FKLUSHG
PLFURZDYH SXOVH ZLWK ODUJH WLPHEDQGZLGWK SURGXFW DQG KLJK
FRPSUHVVLRQUDWLROptics Express,YROQRSS

>@ - 0 :XQ & & :HL - &KHQ & 6 *RK 6 < 6HW DQG - : 6KL
3KRWRQLF FKLUSHG UDGLRIUHTXHQF\ JHQHUDWRU ZLWK XOWUDIDVW VZHHSLQJ
UDWHDQGXOWUDZLGHVZHHSLQJUDQJH2SWLFV([SUHVVYROSS