Ug SEM V

SUBJECT: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
FACULTY: Dr. GARGI CHAKRABARTI
The principal objective of the course is to provide students with a good grounding in the
fundamental concepts of intellectual property rights (IPRs- as encompassing different
categories). The course adopts an integrated approach to law and policy so as to enable the
students to understand the socio-economic and political implications arising out of legal
protection in the form of IPRs, especially in the context of TRIPS Agreement and other
international commitments. Hence it is pertinent to look into the subject from a developing
country perspective, while keeping in mind the international commitments. It is also
important to look into the subject from the perspective of changing models of knowledge
creation and diffusion (especially in the digital and the biotechnology context) and to
understand what role IPRs can play in the knowledge century. The course will hence proceed
with the following specific objectives:
Understanding the nature of knowledge as a property concept and its distinction from
intellectual property.
Identifying the philosophical underpinnings of IPRs, including justifications for the
same.
Understanding the historical factors that led to the growth of different forms of IPRs,
including socio-economic and geopolitical factors that contribute to the formation of
theoretical foundations.
To identify the nature and extent of protection afforded the owners of intellectual
property.
Examining how national IPR laws are structured so as to cater to the needs and
development of economic and cultural growth of the nation in the context of the
obligations under TRIPS and in answering new international demands.
Teaching-Learning Methodology:
Case law method

Lecture-cum-discussion
Assignment and presentations
Simulation exercises -CREs
Evaluation Scheme:
Continuous Assessment Tests 20%

Court Room Exercises 10%
Project 20%
End Term Examination 50%
1
Course Outline
Module 1: Concept of Property vis--vis Intellectual Property (IP)
Mapping the Course- A primer

Demystifying IP- Knowledge as IP- Sources and Characteristics of Knowledge-
Knowledge as a public good-Knowledge as property implications from availability
and access perspectives
The legal Concept of Property and its relationship with Intellectual Property-
structural analysis of property- ownership; distinction between real property and
intellectual property
Theoretical justifications of property- its relationship with IP- Utilitarian and non-
utilitarian- Labour theory- John Locke; Personhood theory- Kant and Hegel;
contractual theory; occupation theory; Marxian theory; Utilitarianism
Economic justifications for IP Protection- national and international scenario; Law
and Economics approach to IPRs
Property under the Indian Constitution and its relationship with IP- Property in
transition- from fundamental right to a legal right- - lessons for limits on intellectual
property
TRIPS Agreement Pre TRIPS- Uruguay round of negotiations- Brief overview of
Preamble, general provisions; principles and objectives
Module 2: Origin and development of Trade Mark and Geographical Indication
Trademarks- common law origins - Paris Convention, Madrid Agreement (Marks),

Madrid Protocol, Nice Agreement, Vienna Agreement, Singapore Treaty on the Law
of Trademarks, Trademark Law Treaty, Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the
Olympic Symbol, Lisbon Agreement, TRIPs agreement
Objectives of trademark in trade Definition & types of trademark
Importance of trademark in trade Spectrum of distinctiveness of marks, different
type of trade marks
Registration of trademark and services Procedure
Rights and Assignments
Grounds of refusal of registration of marks Absolute grounds
Grounds of refusal of registration of marks Relative grounds
Passing off, comparative advertising, cross border reputation
Infringement of trademark, likelihood of confusion, dilution
Concept of Trade Dress
Domain Name Disputes
Geographical Indication of Goods
Objectives and rights, GI Registration and collective rights, Authorized user,
Distinction between TM and GI, Significance and Impact of GI, Case Studies
Module 3: Nature and content of Copyrights and Design Laws
Objectives, Historical developments (Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary

and Artistic Works, Universal Copyright Convention (UCC), Rome Convention on
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the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting
Organizations, Phonograms Convention, TRIPS, WIPO Copyright Treaty,
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, Nature of copyright, Term of copyright
Neighbouring rights, Performers rights, Broadcast reproduction rights
Expression v Idea dichotomy, Subject matters of copyright
Ownership of copyright, Economic rights and Moral rights
Transfer of Ownership
Assignments
Copyright Registration
Copyright society
Infringement
Interface between Copyright and Designs
The Paris Convention , The Hague Agreement, The Locarno Agreement, The TRIPs
Agreement
Registration, Cancellation, Piracy of design, Assignments and Transfer
Remedies for infringement
Defenses
Case studies
Module 4: Ownership and Enforcement of IPR Patents, Trade Secret and

Confidential Information, IC Layout Design
Objectives, Historical developments, Patent-related treaties : Paris Convention ,Patent

Cooperation Treaty (PCT), Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International
Patent Classification , Patent Law Treaty (PLT) , Budapest Treaty
Patents criteria for patent protection
Patentable subject matter
Procedure for obtaining patent, Application and Specification
Publication and Examination of application
Rights of a patentee, Opposition
Transfer of patent: Assignments and licensing
Working of patent, Compulsory license, Revocation
Infringement of patent
Defenses in case of infringement
Trade Secret and Confidential Information
IC Layout Design
Case Studies
Module 5: Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights and Biological Diversity
Evolution of Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights

Authority and Registry
Registration of plant varieties
Duration and effect of registration and benefit sharing
Farmers rights
Certification of registration
Infringement, offences, penalties and procedure
Convention on Biological Diversity
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Objectives and rights
Regulation of access to biological diversity
National Biodiversity Authority
Determination of equitable benefit sharing
State Biodiversity Board
CBD and WIPO initiatives for protection of Traditional knowledge, Genetic
Resources
Case Studies
Books:
1) Intellectual Property Rights: David Brainbridge

2) R S. Bhalla, The Institution of Property: Legally, Historically and
Philosophically Regarded, Eastern Book Publication, New Delhi (1984)
3) Peter Drahos, A Philosophy of Intellectual Property, Aldershot ;
Brookfield, USA, Dartmouth, (1996)
4) Drahos, P. with Braithwaite, J., Information Feudalism, The New Press,
New York, 2003
5) ICTSD-UNCTAD, Resource Book on TRIPS and Development,
Cambridge University Press, 2005, Available online at:
http://www.iprsonline.org/unctadictsd/ResourceBookIndex.htm
6) Goldstein Paul, Goldstein on Copyright, Aspen Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1st
Indian R.P (2008)
7) Bentley and Sherman, Intellectual Property Law, OUP- Oxford; 3 edition
(2010)
8) Firoz Ali Khader, The Law of Patents: With Special Focus on
Pharmaceutical Patents, Lexis Nexus, Butterworths (2009)
9) Case Book: Gopalakrishnan and Agitha, Principles of Intellectual
Property, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow (2009)
10) Bentley and Sherman, Intellectual Property Law, OUP- Oxford; 3 edition
(2010)
11) Cornish W.R et al., Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyright, Trade
Marks and Allied Rights, Thomson Sweet & Maxwell, London,2003
12) Firoz Ali Khader, The Law of Patents: With Special Focus on
Pharmaceutical Patents, Lexis Nexus, Butterworths (2009)
13) Goldstein Paul, Goldstein on Copyright, Aspen Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1st
Indian R.P (2008)
14) Dr. B.L. Wadehra, Law relating to Intellectual Property, Universal Law
Publishing Co
15) P.Narayanan, Copyright and Industrial Design, Third Edition, Eastern
Law House, New Delhi, 2008
16) International Copyright and Neighboring Rights by Stewart
17) WIPO Intellectual property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use, WIPO
Publication No. 489 (E); at http://wipo.int/about-ip/en/iprm/index.htm
4
Articles:
1. Grosse Ruse - Khan, Henning / Jaeger, Thomas: Policing patents

worldwide? EC border measures against transiting generic drugs under
EC- and WTO intellectual property regimes. In: International Review of
Intellectual Property and Competition Law (IIC), 2009, Volume 40, Nr. 5.
2. Alan Latman, Probative Similarity as Proof of Copying: toward

Dispelling Some Myths in Copyright Infringement 90 Colum. L. Rev
1187 (1990)
3. Raj S. Dave, A Mathematical Approach to Claim Elements and the

Doctrine of Equivalents (2003) 16 Harv. J L Tech 508
4. Hazel Carty, Dilution and Passing-off: Cause for Confusion (1996) 112
LQR 633
5. Kern Alexander, The Mareva Injunction and Anton Piller Order: The
Nuclear Weapons of English Commercial Litigation, 11 Florida Journal
of International Law
6. R. F. Whale, Copyright and Owners Rights (1979) 1 EIPR 38

7. Jane C. Ginsberg, Putting Cars on the Information Superhighway:
Authors, Expoliters and Copyright in Cyber Space 95 Col. L Rev. 1466
(1995)
8. Claude E. Barfield and Mark A Groombridge, Economic Case for
Copyright Owner Control over Parallel Imports 1 JWIP 1903 (1998)
9. William Strauss, Moral Rights of the Author, (1955) 4 American
Journal of Comparative Law 506
10. Herbert T. Silverberg, Authors and Performers Rights (1958) Law and
Contemporary Problems 125
11. Louis C. Caldwell, Piracy of Broadcast Programs, (1930) 30 CLR 1087
12. Jeremy Philips, Employee as Author and Owner of Literary Copyright:
Some Reflections (1979) 1 EIPR 19
13. Shelly Stephenson, Initial Ownership of Copyright under the US and UK
Law- A Comparison (1980) 2 EIPR 19
14. S E. Chisholm, The Legal Aspects of Trademark Assignments, Licenses
and Registered User Agreements 40 TMR 1059 (1950)
15. Siva Vaidyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs 15 Harv. J. L. Tech
453 (2002)
16. Lloyd Weinreb, Fair use and How it Got that Way 45 J. Copyright
Socty 634 (1997)
17. Rebecca Eisenberg, Patents and the Progress of Science: Exclusive
Rights and Experimental Use, 23 IPLR 67 (1991)
18. Jerome H. Reichman & Catherine Hasenzahl, Non-Voluntary Licensing
of Patented Inventions, UNCTAD-ICTSD Issue Paper No. 5, at p. 10
(2004), Available at:
5
http://www.ictsd.org/pubs/ictsd_series/iprs/CS_reichman_hasenzahl.pdf.
19. Madelaine Berg, Moral Rights and the Compulsory License of Phone
records 12 IPLR 411 (1980)
20. Note: Originality 115 Harv LR 1988 (2002)

21. Daniel Gervais, Fiest Goes Global: A Comparative Analysis of the
Notion of Originality in Copyright Law, (2002) 49 Journal of the
Copyright Society of the USA, 949
22. Samuelson, Pamela, Davis, Randall, Kapor, Mitchell D. and Reichman,
Jerome H. (1994), A Manifesto Concerning the Legal Protection of
Computer Programs, 94 Columbia Law Review, 2308-2431
23. Reichman, J. H., Samuelson, Pamela, Intellectual Property Rights in
Data, 50 Vand. L. Rev. 49 (1997).
24. Spence and Endicott, Vagueness in the Scope of Copyright 121 LQR
657 (2005)
25. Yogesh Pai, Copyright Protection for Computer Programme: Walking on
one Leg? 48 Journal of Indian Law Institute 359 (2006)
26. Tim Golder, Should Designs be Better Protected? (1990) AIPJ 107
27. Anitha Verma and David Abraham, DNA is Different: Legal
Obviousness and the Balance between Biotech Inventions and Market
Harv. JL &Tech 53 (1996)
28. Fromer, Jeanne C, The Layers of Obviousness in Patent Law, 22
Harvard Journal Of Law & Technology 75 (2008)
29. Basheer S., India's Tryst with TRIPS: The Patents (Amendment) Act
2005 Indian Journal of Law and Technology, Vol. 1, 2005
30. Basheer, S., "Policy Style" Reasoning at the Indian Patent Office,
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY QUARTERLY (2005), ISSUE 3, pages
309-323
31. Frank I. Schechter, The Rational Basis of Trademark Protection,
Harvard Law Review, Vol. 40, No. 6 (Apr., 1927), pp. 813-833
32. Jacob Jacoby, The Psychological Foundations of Trademark Law:
Secondary Meaning, Genericism, Fame, Confusion and Dilution (2001)
91 TMR 1013
33. Alison Firth et al. Shapes ad Trademarks: Public Policy, Functional
Considerations and Consumer Perception (2001) 23 EIPR 86
34. Peter Drahos, The Universality of Intellectual Property Rights: Origins
and Development Available at:
http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/hr/paneldiscussion/papers/pdf/drahos.pdf
35. B. Zorina Khan, Intellectual Property and Economic Development:
Lessons from American and European History, Study Paper 1a,
Commission on Intellectual Property Rights. Available at:
http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/study_papers/sp1a_khan_study
.pdf
36. Margaret Chon, Intellectual Property and the Development Divide,
Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 27, pp. 2821-2912, 2006
37. Reichman J., Compliance with the TRIPS Agreement: Introduction to a
Scholarly Debate 29 Vand. J. Transnat'l. L. 363-90 (1996).
38. Chin and Grossman, Intellectual Property Rights and North-South Trade
6
NBER Working Paper #2769, November 1988
39. Giovanni B. Ramello, Access to vs. exclusion from knowledge:
Intellectual property, efficiency and social justice Working Paper n.100,
November 2007, Department of Public Policy and Public Choice POLIS,
Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1031884
40. Peter Menell, Intellectual Property and the Property Rights Movement,
Regulation, Vol. 30, No. 3, Fall 2007 UC Berkeley Public Law Research
Paper No. 1000061
41. Justin Hughes, The Philosophy of Intellectual Property, 77 Geo. J. L.
(1988)
42. Edwin C. Hettinger, Justifying Intellectual Property, Philosophy and
Public Affairs, Vol. 18, No. 1. (winter 1989), pp. 31-52.
43. Stanley M Besan and Raskind, An Introduction to Law and Economics of
Intellectual Property The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5 No. 1
(Winter 1991), 3-27
44. Ciro, The Scarcity of Intellectual Property, 2005 (1) The Journal of
Information, Law and Technology (JILT).
<http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law2/elj/jilt/2005_1/ciro/>
Case List
Recent Cases
1. AKUATE INTERNET SERVICES PVT. LTD. & ANR v STAR INDIA PVT. LTD.
& ANR. [FAO(OS) 153/2013, CM APPL. 4665/2013]
2. M/s. BDR Pharmaceuticals International Pvt. Ltd. V M/s. Bristol Myers Squibb
Company [C.L.A. No. 1 of 2013]
3. F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD., and ANR v CIPLA LIMITED [I.A 642/2008 IN

CS (OS) 89/2008]
4. INDIAN HERITAGE SOCIETY & ANR v MEHER MALHOTRA & ANR [CS(OS)
2717/2011 and IA Nos. 17445/2011, 17787/2011 & 15091/2012]
5. MERCK SHARP AND DOHME CORPORATION and ANR v APRICA

PHARMACEUTICALS PRIVATE LIMITED [CS(OS) 1236/2013]
6. MOHAN LAL, PROPRIETOR OF MOURYA INDUSTRIES v SONA PAINT &

HARDWARES [CS(OS) 384/2008]
7. Novartis Ag v Union Of India & Ors [CIVIL APPEAL Nos. 2706-2716 OF 2013
(ARISING OUT OF SLP(C) Nos. 20539-20549 OF 2009) ]
8. M/s. Shreedhar Milk Foods Pvt. Ltd. V Mr. Vikas Tyagi & Othrs
[ORA/7/2012/TM/DEL]
9. Satnam Overseas v Sant Ram & Co.& Anr [CIVIL APPEAL NO. 10528 OF 2013
(Special Leave Petition (Civil) No.15496 of 2007)]
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Plant Variety Case
1. Emergent Genetics India Pvt. Ltd. V Shailendra Shivam and Ors. [I.A. Nos. 388,
1267 and 1268/2004 in CS(OS) 50/2004]
Design Law cases

2. P. K. Narayanaswami Chettiar Firm v V. K. Perumal Chettiar & Sons [Civil Revn.
Petn. No. 230 of 1985, D/- 13-4-1966, to revise order of Dist. J., Salem, in I. A. No.
580 of 1964]
3. Dwarkadas Dhanji Sha v. Chhotalal Ravincarandas & Co. [A.I.R
1941 BOMBAY 188]
4. Hello Mineral Water Pvt. Ltd. v Thermoking California Pure [I.A. No. 4614 of 1997
in Suit No. 1065 of 1997]
5. Kemp & Co. and Blow Plast Ltd. v Prima Plastics Ltd. [Notice of Motion No.
2326 of 1996 in Suit No. 2499 of 1996]
6. Khaitan (I) Ltd. v. Metropolitan Applicances [Matter No. 42 of 1993, 21 September
1993.]
7. Marico Limited Vs. Raj Oil Mills Limited [Notice of Motion No. 3579 of 2006 in
Suit No. 2961 of 2006]
8. Maya Appliances v Urooj Ahmed & Anr. [O.A.NOS.1096 AND 1097 OF 2008]
9. Metro Plastic Industries (Regd) vs M/S. Galaxy Footwear [2000 IAD Delhi 819, AIR
2000 Delhi 117]
10. Microfibres Inc. v. Girdhar & Co. [RFA (OS) NO.25/2006, 28th May, 2009]
11. Mohan Lal V Sona Paint & Hardwares [CS(OS) Nos. 384/2008]
12. Micolube India Limited v Rakesh Kumar Trading as Saurabh Industries & Ors.
[CS(OS) Nos. 1446/2011]
13. National Trading Co. vs Monica Chawla [AIR 1994 Delhi 309, 1995 (1) ARBLR
40 Delhi]
14. Niki Tasha India Pvt. Ltd. vs Faridabad Gas Gadgets Pvt. Ltd. [AIR 1985 Delhi
336, 26 (1984) DLT 355]
15. M/s. Primer Industrial Drivers Pvt., Ltd. v. W.E. Technologies Pvt., Ltd., and Anr.
[652 of 1998 and Applications Nos:3629, 3855 and 3856 of 1998 in Original
Petition No:682 of 1998]
16. Ravinder Kumar Gupta Petitioner v. Ravi Raj Gupta and others [C. C. No. 11 of
1983]
17. RECKITT BENCKISER (INDIA) LTD v WYETH Ltd. [CS(OS) 30/07]
18. S.K. Industries Pvt. Ltd. v Rite Foods Product (P) Ltd. and Ors. [2008(38) PTC
200(Del), CS(OS) No. 578/2005]
19. SRMB Udyog Limited through its Marketing Manager Sri Sunil Kumar v Atibir
Hitech (Ret) Limited and Sri Durga Steel [M.A. No. 19 of 2007]
20. The Pilot Pen Co. (India) Private Ltd.. Madras Plaintiff v. The Gujarat Industries
Private Ltd. [C. S. Nos. 70, 73 and 74 of 1963 and O. P. 7 of 1965, 233 and 238 of
1964, D/- 21-3-1966]
21. The Wimco Ltd. Plaintiff v. M/s. Meena Match Industries [Suit No. 415 of 1981
and Cross-Objection No. 8 of 1981, Decided on 26.5.1983]
22. The Calico Printers Association v Savani And Co. [(1939) 41 BOMLR 45]
8
Trade Mark cases
1. Abercrombie and Fitch Co. v. Hunting World, Inc[537, F.2d 4, 189 U.S.P.Q. 759,769
(2d Cir. 1976)
2. Amritdhara Pharmacy v Satya Deo Gupta, Air 1963 SC 449
3. Yorkshire Copper works v Registrar(1954) 1 A11 ER 570
4. F Hoffman v Geoffery Manners Air 1970 SC2062
5. Parker knoll v Knoll International 1962 RPC 265
6. Philips Electronics NV v Remington Consumer Products Ltd (1999) RPC 809
7. Cladia Health Care Ltd v Cladia Pharmaceutical Ltd Air 2001 SC 1952
8. Cinna Krishna Chettiar v Sri Ambal AIR 1979 SC 146
Sounds, Scents & Colours

9. Shield Mark v Joot Kist 2004 IPRL 141
10. Qualitex Co v Jacobson Products Co. 514 US 159
11. Libertel Case (C-104/01)
12. Heidelberger Bauchemic Case (C-49/02)
Domain names
13. Yahoo Inc V Aksh Arora (78) DLT 285
14. Satyam Infoway v Sify Net Solution AIR 2004 SC 3540
Comparative Advertising
15. Paras Pharmaceuticals Ltd v Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd and 2 ors IR2008 Guj 94
16. Reckit Benckiser (India) Ltd v Hindustan Lever Ltd manu/de/0967/2008
17. Pepsi Co. INC and Ors. V Hindustan Cocal Cola Ltd and anr. Manu/DE/0896/2003
18. Dabur India Ltd v Colgate Palmolive India Ltd Manu/ DE/0657/2004
Well Known TM
19. Loreal SA v Bellure NV (2006) EWHC 2355 (Ch); (2007) RPC 14; (2006) 29(10)
IPD 29074
20. Loreal SA v Bellure NV C- 487/07 (ECJ)(2009)A11 ER (D) 225 (Jun)
Constitutional Prescriptions and copyright

1. Kahle v Gonzales (487 F. 3d 697)
Copyright Cases
Idea Expression Dichotomy

1. Baker v Selden (101 US 99)
2. Najma Heptulla v Orient Longman Ltd. & Ors. (AIR 1989 Delhi 63)
3. Anil Gupta v Kunal Das Gupta & Ors. (AIR 2002 Delhi 379)
4. Zee Teleflims v Sundial Communications & Ors. [2003 (5) BomCR404; 2003 (3)
MhLj695]
9
Functionality:
5. Mazer v Stein (347 US 201)
Doctrine of Merger
6. Kay Berry v Taylor Gifts Inc. (421 F.3d 199)
7. EAGLE SERVICES CORP. v. H2O INDUSTRIAL SERVICES, INC., et al. (07-
1997)
Originality
8. Walter v Lane [(1900) AC 539]
9. University of London Press, Limited v University Tutorial Press , Limited [(1916) 2
Ch. 601]
10. Feist Publication inc. v Rural Telephone Service Company Inc. (499 US 340)
11. Eastern Book Company and Others v D. B. Modak and Anr. [2008 (1) SCC 1]
12. Ladbroke (Football) Limited v William Hill (Football) Limited [(1964) 1 All ER 465]
Fixation
13. Tate v Fullbrook [(1908) 1 KB 821]
Subject Matter of Copyright: Literary Works

14. Burlington Home Shopping Pvt. Ltd. v Rajnish Chibber [ 61 (1995) DLT 6]
15. Blackwood & Sons Ltd and Ors v A. N. Parasuraman & Ors. (AIR 1959 Mad 410)
Subject Matter of Copyright: Artistic Works

16. George Hensher Ltd. v Restawile Upholstery (Lancs.) Ltd. [(1974) 2 All E. R. 420]
Subject Matter of Copyright: Dramatic Works

17. Norowizian v Arks [(2000) FSR 363]
Subject Matter of Copyright: Musical Works

18. Warner Bros. Pictures Inc v Columbia Broadcasting System (216 F.2d 945)
Authorship-Ownership
19. VT Thomas v Malyalam Manorama (AIR 1989 Ker 49)
Economic Rights
20. UMG Recordings v MP3 (92 F.Supp.2d 349)
Fair Use
21. Perfect 10 Inc. v Amazon.com Inc. (487 F.3d 701)
Secondary Liability
22. Sony Corp of America v Universal City Studios (464 US 417)
23. A&M Records Inc. v Napster Inc. [239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001)]
24. In re: Aimster Copyright Litigation [334 F.3d 643 (7th Cir. 2003)]
25. MGM Studios Inc v Grokster Ltd. [125 S. Ct. 2764 (2005)]
Moral Rights
26. Amar Nath Sehgal v Union of India & Anr. [117 (2005) DLT 717]
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Test for Infringement
27. Nichols v Universal Pictures 45 F.2d 119
28. Roth Greeting Cards v United & Co. (429 F.2d 1106)
29. Computer Associates v Altai [982 F.2d 693 (2nd Cir. 1992)]
30. Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc & Ors. v Mr. Santosh V. G. [CS (OS) No.
1682/2006]
Patent Cases
Patentable subject matter:

1. Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U. S. (1981,SC)
2. State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group, 149 F.3D 1368
3. Bernard L. Bilski and Rand A. Warsaw, Petitioners v. David J. Kappos, 177 L. Ed. 2d
792 (2010)
4. Association for Molecular Patgology et at v. USPTO et al
Novelty
5. Continental Can Co. USA v. Monsanto, 948 F.2D 1264 (Fed. Cir. 1991)
Non-obviouness
6. Graham v. John Deere, 383 U. S. 1
7. KSR v Teleflex, 127 S. CT. 1727
8. Windsurfing International v. Tabur Marine, (1985) RPC 59, CA
Infringement: Literal Infringement

9. Markman v. Westview Instruments No. 95-26, 64 U. S. L. W. 4263 (1996) [SC]
10. Hoffman La Roche v Cipla, CS (OS) No. 89/2008 Decided on 07.09.2012
11. Biswanath Rahdeshyam v Hindustan Metal, AIR 1982 SC 1444
12. Glaverbel S.A. v Daverose & Ors., I.A. No. 3756/2007 in CS (OS) No. 594/2007
13. Chemtura Corporation v Union of India & Ors., CS (OS) No. 930/ 2009
Pith and Marrow Doctrine UK

14. Catnic Components v. Hill & Smith, [1982] RPC 183 H. L.
Test for Doctrine of Equivalence US

15. Warner-Jenkinson v. Hilton Davis, 516 U. S. (1996)
Exception to infringement/Defense to patent infringement

16. Roche Products Inc. v. Bolar Pharmaceuticals Co. (Fed. Cir. 1984)
Patent Linkage
17. Bayer Corporation and Ors. v. Union of India and Others. (LPA 443/2009)
Project Topics:
1. Protection of lay out design for Integrated Circuits : comparative study of US and
Indian Laws
2. Exhaustion of rights and parallel imports : a study of European position
3. Copyright protection for the computer programs : issues and concerns
11
4. Madrid Agreement and Protocol towards harmonization of trademark law
5. Access and benefit sharing mechanism with respect to use of genetic resources :
international and national trend
6. Need for law on data exclusivity in India
7. Digital rights management and copyright law
8. Protection of literary characters scope of distinct delineation test
9. Sony to Grokster : law relation to contributory infringement
10. Evaluation of the test of originality comparative analysis
11. Copyright societies and authors of copyrighted work
12. International trends relating to disclouser of (biological resource) requirement under
patent law
13. Extend to use of TKDL in Patent Offices trends and concerns
14. Development of the criteria of Novelty in UK,US and India for determining
patentability
15. Clear and complete disclosures/sufficiency of disclosure in patent specification
16. Critique on Novartis case (HC & IPAB)
17. of medical method and medical devices : a study of US and Indian position
18. A critical analysis of the development of the non-obviousness criteria for grant of
patent in US
19. Impact of Bolar Exception on the rights of the patentee
20. Resolving the issue of non-obviousness in respect of biotechnological Inventions
21. Patenting of living organisms : policy issues and concerns
22. Impact of product patent regime on access to medicine
23. Critical review of the principles for determining the infringement of patents UK and
India
24. Issues of intellectual property in bio-informatics
25. Google projects and copyright-conflicts or fair use?
26. A study on compulsory licensing under copyright law
27. Dead Sea Scrolls case a critique
28. Trademark infringement and comparative advertising: position in US, UK and India
29. Copyright and free speech overlap
30. Trademark protection for sound, fragrance and shape : a comparative study
31. Principles of claim construction under law of patents
32. Work of artistic craftsmanship A critique
33. Safe harbour protection for internet service provider in US and India
34. Access by persons with disability to the copyrighted works international and
national trends
35. Analysis of the issues relating to patenting of computer software: A comparative
study
36. Judicial response to the determination of the acquisition of secondary meaning for
trademark protection: Study of US & Indian position
37. A study of the role of WTO dispute settlement mechanism in resolving IP issues
38. Authorship & ownership in respect of cinematograph work
39. Data protection in EU & UK: Need for a sui generis legislation in India
40. Copyright issues in application software/ customized software
41. Authors special rights: A comparative study
42. Economic analysis of intellectual property rights
43. Anti-circumvention laws: Need for Indian law on lines with DMCA of US
44. Critique on grant of GI status for Mysore silk, Alfanso mango, Tirupathi laddu
45. Intellectual Property rights and outer space
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46. Flexibilities under TRIPS favouring developing countries
47. WIPO-IGC initiatives for protection of TK and TCE extent of application in India
48. Interface between IP and Competition policy: Safeguards against anti-competitive
activities of IP owners
49. Critique on Bilsky case
50. Gene patent Justify
51. Parody can get fair use from copyright Justify
52. Natco v Bayer case Critical analysis
53. Apple Samsung design patent case A critical analysis
54. Relation between fashion and IPR
55. Holistic approach for philosophy of IPR
56. Impact of bilateral / multilateral agreement or free trade agreement on IPR
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SUBJECT: INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES
FACULTY: Dr. AJAY Kr. SHARMA
Objective of the course: The same words and phrases are capable of referring to different
referents in different context and times, thereby requiring their interpretation. Apart from the
other categories of interpreters, the Courts and we as Lawyers assisting them are required to
interpret statutes with a view to ascertain the legal meaning of the enactments both, as their
maker sought to give them and also from the standpoint of the purpose it is meant to
accomplish. For enforcement of law, the courts whilst performing the function of
adjudication, as its central feature, have the need to interpret statutes. Due to the separation of
powers, the courts ordinarily claim that they merely interpret legislations for inter alia
making them effective and workable, and do not judicially legislate. For the avowed
purposes, the courts have evolved certain recognized principles of statutory interpretation,
lending some certainty in this respect. The doctrine of precedent wherever applicable
strengthens this aspect further. The judgments however should themselves be subjected to
careful scrutiny to appreciate their contributions and infirmities.
The objective of the present course is to make the students acutely aware of the
extremely thought provoking techniques used in statutory interpretation, and acquainting
them with the established principles used in statutory interpretation thus, attempting to make
them the masters of these tools and not their slaves.
Teaching Learning Methodology:
Lecture Method
Interpretative Problems Solving.
Case Law Method
Class Discussions
Project
Evaluation Scheme:
Continuous Assessment: 30%

Project: 20%
End Term Examination: 50%
14
COURSE OUTLINE
Module 1: Introduction to the basic principles:
Introduction to the Course

Meaning of Interpretation and Construction (the difference)
Statute and its parts
Legislative Drafting
Legislative Process
Legislative Intention (its meaning and significance): is it a fiction or a
reality?
Reading the statute (as a piece meal or as a whole)
Limitations of the courts: do they only interpret or, do they legislate
also?
Introduction to the Dynamic Statutory Interpretation
Readings:
1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed./2002 reprint, Lexis

Nexis, Butterworths, New Delhi), Chapter 1.
2. F. A. R. Bennion, Bennion on Statutory Interpretation, (6th ed. 2013
LexisNexis), Division I, Part I, pp-3-18, Parts II and VIII
3. G.P. Singh, Principles of Statutory Interpretation, (14th ed. 2016,
LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur), Chapter 1.
4. Vepa P. Sarathi, Interpretation of Statutes, (4th ed. 2003, Eastern
Book Co., Lucknow), Chapter I.
5. M.N. Rao and Amita Dhanda, N.S. Bindras Interpretation of
Statutes, (10th ed. 2007, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths), Part I Chapters 1
& 2.
6. Felix Frankfurter, SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE READING OF
STATUTES (1947) 47 Columbia L Rev 527, available at:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1118049?origin=crossref&cookieSet=1
7. William N. Eskridge, Jr., DYNAMIC STATUTORY
INTERPRETATION 135 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1479, July, 1987
8. Ronald Dworkin, IS THERE TRUTH IN INTERPRETATION?
LAW, LITERATURE AND HISTORY (Inaugural Frederic R. and
Molly S. Kellogg Biennial Lecture on Jurisprudence, 2009) (Library of
Congress), available at:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=742JyiqLhuk
9. Benjamin N. Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process, (1921
Yale Univ. Press).
10. Richard A. Posner, How Judges Think, (2nd Indian Reprint 2011,
Universal).
11. S.K. Hiranandani, Legislative Drafting: An Indian View, 27(1) The
Modern Law Review 1 (1964).
15
12. Upendra Baxi, On the Problematic Distinction between Legislation
and Adjudication: A Forgotten Aspect of Dominance, 12 Delhi Law
Review 3 (1990).
13. Upendra Baxi, On Being an Activist Judge Not Just an Active One,
available at:
http://upendrabaxi.in/documents/On%20being%20an%20activist%20j
udge%20not%20just%20an%20active%20one.pdf
Cases [Highlighting, inter alia, generally, the nature of adjudicative function and the
limitations placed on the power of courts while interpreting statutes]:
1. Attar Singh v. Inder Kumar, A.I.R. 1967 S.C. 773 and Joginder Pal v.
Naval Kishore Behal, (2002) 5 SCC 397
2. Attorney General v. HRH Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, (1957) 1
ALL ER 49: [For Preamble also]
3. International Airport Employees Union v. Intl. Airports Authority of
India, (2001) 1 SCC 205
4. Kailash Chandra v. Mukundi Lal, (2002) 2 SCC 678
5. Mangoo Singh v. Election Tribunal, A.I.R. 1957 S.C. 871
6. Municipal Corpn. of Hyderabad v. P.N. Murthy, (1987) 1 SCC 568
7. Padma Sunder Rao v. State of T.N., (2002) 3 SCC 533: [Reading Statutes
as a whole, and Casus Omissus]
8. R v. Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions,
(2001) 33 H.L.R. 31: [Intention of the Legislature]
Module 2: Rules of Interpretation
Language of statute, and Casus omissus

Literal Rule
Mischief Rule and Purposive Construction
Golden Rule
Beneficial Construction
Harmonious Construction
Readings:

Nexis, Butterworth, New Delhi), Chapter 2 & 4.
LexisNexis), Divisions II, III, Part XI and Division V.
book Co.), Chapter II.
Statutes, (10th ed. 2007, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths), Part I Ch 5, Part
II chapter 12.
16
Cases:
1. Abhiram Singh v C.D. Commachen, (2017) 2 SCC 629 [Purposive

Construction].
2. C.I.T. v. Smt. Sodra Devi, A.I.R. 1957 S.C. 832 : [Mischief Rule/Purposive
Construction]
3. Collector, Central Excise, Kanpur v. Krishna Carbon Paper Co., A.I.R.
1988 S.C. 2223: [Literal Construction]
4. Ganesh Trading Co. v. State of Haryana, AIR 1974 SC 1362 : [Literal
Construction]
5. Guru Jambheshwar University v. Dharampal, A.I.R. 2007 S.C. 1040:
[Golden Rule]
6. Hira Devi v. Dist. Board, Shahjahanpur, A.I.R. 1952 S.C. 362
7. ICICI Bank v. Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay, (2005) 6 SCC
404: [Literal Construction]
8. Inco Europe Ltd. v. First Choice Distribution (a firm), (2000) 2 All ER
109: [Interpretative function of courts w.r.t. adding/omitting/substituting
words]
9. James v. Wrotham Park Settled Estates, [1979] 1 All ER 286
10. Jasbir Singh v. Vipin Kumar Jaggi, (2001) 8 SCC 289: [Harmonious
Construction]
11. Koppisetti Subbharao @ Subramaniam v. State of A.P., (2009) 12 SCC
331: [Mischief Rule/Purposive Construction]
12. New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Nusli Neville Wadia, (2008) 3 SCC 279:
[Mischief Rule/Purposive Construction]
13. P. Ramchandra Rao v. State of Karnataka, (2002) 4 SCC 578: [Judicial
Legislation and Doctrine of binding Precedents]
14. Raghunath Rai Bareja v. Punjab National Bank, (2007) 2 SCC 230
[Literal Construction]
15. Sirsilk Ltd. v. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, A.I.R. 1964 S.C. 160:
[Harmonious Construction]
16. Speedline Agencies v. T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., (2010) 6 SCC 257:
[Harmonious Construction]
17. State of Rajasthan v. Babu Ram, (2007) 6 SCC 55 [Literal Construction]
18. Surjit Singh v. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd., JT 2008 (5) SC 325:
2008 (6) SCALE 207: [Mischief Rule/Purposive Construction]
19. Thampanoor Ravi v. Charupara Ravi, (1999) 8 SCC 74: [Literal
Construction]
20. Union of India v. Delhi Cloth & General Mills, AIR 1963 SC 791: [Literal
Construction]
Module 3: Aids to the interpretation
Internal Aids
External Aids
Legislative Guidance for Interpretation: General Clauses Act, 1897
17
Readings:

Nexis, Butterworth, New Delhi), Ch 1 pp- 3- 13, Ch 2 pp- 47-58.
LexisNexis), Division III, Part XII, XIII, XIV and XV.
LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur), Chapter 3 & 4
book Co.), Ch IV & V.
Statutes, (10th ed. 2007, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths), Part II
Chapters15, 16 & 17.
6. M.N. Rao, N.S. Bindras The General Clauses Act (Central and
States), (10th ed. 2002, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, New Delhi).
Wadhwa and Co., Nagpur), Appendix.
8. P. Ramanatha Aiyar, The Major Law Lexicon, (4th ed. 2010) (in 6
vols.)
9. P. Ramanatha Aiyar, Advanced Law Lexicon, (3rd ed. 2005)
10. Daniel Greenberg, Strouds Judicial Dictionary of words and phrases,
th
(7 ed. 2008, Thomson, Sweet and Maxwell)
11. Bryan A. Garner (ed.-in-c.), Blacks Law Dictionary, (9th ed. 2009,
Thompson West), also available on Westlaw
12. M.K. Pithisaria and Mukesh Kr. Pithisaria, K.J. Aiyers Judicial
Dictionary, (15th
ed. 2011, Lexis Nexis Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur)
13. Trayners Latin Maxims (4th ed., 1894/2010 Ind. Reprint, Universal)
Report:
60th Report of the Law Commission of India on: The General Clauses Act,
1897, available at:http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/51-100/report60.pdf
183rd Report of the Law Commission of India on: A continuum on the

General Clauses Act, 1897 with special reference to the admissibility and
codification of external aids to interpretation of statutes, available at:
http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/reports/183rpt.pdf
Cases:
1. Chandra Kishore Jha v. Mahavir Prasad, AIR 1999 SC 3558 [S.10 of the
General Clauses Act, 1897]
2. Doypack Systems Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India, (1988) 2 SCC 299:
[Parliamentary History/Statement of Objects and Reasons/Preamble]
3. Dr Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo v. Prabhakar Kashinath Kunte, (1996) 1
SCC 130: [Parliamentary History]
18
4. Employees State Insurance Corporation v. Tata Engineering &
Locomotive Co. Ltd., (1975) 2 SCC 835: [Dictionaries]
5. Hariprasad Shivshankar Shukla v. A.D. Divelkar, AIR 1957 SC 121 and
Punjab Land Development and Reclamation Corporation Ltd.,
Chandigarh v. Presiding Officer, Labour Court, Chandigarh, (1990) 3
SCC 682: [Definition Sections]
6. K.P. Varghese v. Income Tax Officer, Ernakulam, (1981) 4 SCC 173:
[Heading]
7. Raj Kumar Yadav v. Samir Kumar Mahaseth, (2005) 3 SCC 601 [S.10 of
the General Clauses Act, 1897]
8. M/s. Surana Steels Pvt. Ltd. v. Dy. Commissioner of Income Tax, (1999) 4
SCC 306: [Parliamentary History]
9. Mohd. Shabbir v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1979 SC 564: [Punctuation]
10. Pepper v. Hart, (1993) 1 All ER 42: [Parliamentary History: U.K.]
11. P.V. Narsimha Rao v. State (CBI/SPE), (1998) 4 SCC 626: [Parliamentary
History]
12. Sarabjit Rick Singh v. Union of India, (2008) 2 SCC 417: [Heading]
13. Sundaram Pillai v. Pattabiraman, (1985) 1 SCC 591: [Explanation and
Proviso]
Module 4: Use of Maxims in the interpretation
A Verbis Legis Non Est Recedendum

Absoluta Sententia Expositore Non Indiget
Noscitur a Sociis
Ejusdem Generis
Ut Res Magis Valeat Quam Pereat
Expressio Unius Est Exclusio Alterius
Generalia Specialibus Non Derogant
Readings:
1. Brooms Legal Maxims, (10th ed. 2001, Universal, New Delhi)

2. Bryan A. Garner (ed.-in-c.), Blacks Law Dictionary, (9th ed. 2009,
Thompson West), Appendix B, Legal Maxims
Nexis, Butterworth, New Delhi), Chapter 12.
LexisNexis), Division VI
book Co., Lucknow), Ch II. A fairly exhaustive list of Maxims is also
given in Appendix II pp-734-760.
Statutes, (10th ed. 2007, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths), Part II, Chapter
13, Part III, Chapter 15.
19
Cases:
1. Ahmedabad Pvt. Primary Teachers Assn. v. Administrative Officer,

(2004) 1 SCC 755: [Noscitur a sociis]
2. Avtar Singh v. State of Punjab, A.I.R. 1965 S.C. 666: [Ut Res Magis
Valeat Quam Pereat]
3. M/s Siddeshawari Cotton Mills Pvt. Ltd. v. U.O.I., A.I.R. 1989 S.C. 1029:
[Ejusdem Generis]
4. Mahavir Prasad v. Yagnik, A.I.R. 1960 Bom. 191: [Absoluta Sententia
Expositore Non Indiget]
5. Mary Angel v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1999) 5 SCC 209: [Expressio Unius
Est Exclusio Alterius: Limits of application]
6. Rainbow Steels Ltd. v. Commr. of Sales Tax, U.P., AIR 1981 SC 2101:
[Noscitur a sociis]
7. S. Prakash v. K.M. Kurian, (1999) 5 SCC 624: [Generalia Specialibus
Non Derogant: when it applies and when it does not apply]
Module 5: Interpretation of specific statutes
Penal Statutes
Fiscal Statutes / Taxing Statutes
Remedial and Social Welfare Statutes.
Delegated Legislation
Readings:
1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed. /2002 reprint, Lexis

Nexis, Butterworth, New Delhi), Chapter 11.
LexisNexis), Division I, Part III, Division III, Parts XXII & XIII.
LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur), Chapters 10, 11 & 12.
book Co., Lucknow), Chapters VIII, IX & X.
Statutes, (10th ed. 2007, Lexis Nexis), Part IV, Chapters 23, 26 & 28.
Cases:
1. Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab, (2005) 6 SCC 1: [Penal Statutes]

2. McDowell and Co. Ltd. v. Commercial Tax Officer, (1985) 3 SCC 230:
[Fiscal Statutes]
3. Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, (1985) 2 SCC 556:
[Remedial/Social Welfare]
4. Rattan Lal v. State of Punjab, A.I.R. 1965 S.C. 444: [Remedial/Social
Welfare]
5. Standard Chartered Bank and Ors v. Directorate of Enforcement, (2005) 4
SCC 530: [Penal Statutes]
6. State of Maharashtra v. Mayer Hans George, A.I.R. 1965 S.C. 722:
[Delegated Legislation]
20
7. Union of India v. Azadi Bachao Andolan, AIR 2004 SC 1107: [Fiscal
Statutes]
8. Vodafone International Holdings B.V. v. Union of India, 2012 (1) SCALE
530: [Fiscal Statutes]
Module 6: Operation of Statutes
Commencement
Retrospective Operation
Expiry and Repeal of Statutes
Extent of value of repealed statutes in the interpretation.
Readings:
1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed./2002 reprint,

Lexis Nexis, Butterworth, New Delhi), Chapter 10 pp- 215-
227.
LexisNexis), Division I, Part IV
LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur), Chapters 6 & 7.
4. Vepa P. Sarathi, (Interpretation of Statutes, 4th ed. 2003, Eastern
book Co. Lucknow), Chapters VI & VII.
Statutes, (10th ed. 2007, Lexis Nexis), Part IV Chapters 32 &33.
Cases:
1. Delhi Cloth and General Mills Co. Ltd. v. CIT Delhi, A.I.R. 1927 PC 242:
[Retrospective Operation]
2. Jethanand v. State of Delhi, AIR 1960 SC 89: [S.6-A of the General
Clauses Act, 1897]
3. Rayala Corporation v. Director of Enforcement, A.I.R. 1970 S.C. 494:
[Expiry of Temporary Statutes]
4. State of U.P. v. Jagmanderdas, A.I.R. 1954 S.C. 683: [Expiry of
Temporary Statutes].
Additional Reading Materials:
Books:
1. Sukumar Mukhopadhyay, Interpretation of Fiscal Statutes in India, (2nd ed.

1999, Centax)
2. S.G.G. Edgar, Craies on Statute Law, (7th ed. 1971/2002 Indian Reprint,
Universal)
3. Andrei Marmor ed., Law and Interpretation Essays in Legal Philosophy,
(1995 Clarendon)
21
4. Andrew Goodman, How Judges Decide Cases: Reading, Writing and Analysing
Judgments, (2nd Ind. Reprint, 2009)
5. William Twining and David Miers, How to do things with Rules, (5th ed. 2010,
Cambridge)
Articles:
1. G E Devenish, THE NATURE OF LEGAL REASONING INVOLVED IN THE

INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES 2 Stellenbosch L. Rev. 224, 1991 (Hein
Online)
2. Norman S Marsh, THE INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES 9 J. Socy Pub.
Tchrs. L. n.s. 416, 1966-67 (Hein Online)
3. Anne Winckel, THE CONTEXTUAL ROLE OF A PREAMBLE IN STATUTORY
INTERPRETATION 23 Melb. U. L. Rev. 184, 1999 (Hein Online)
4. David Lyons, ORIGINAL INTENT AND LEGAL INTERPRETATION 24 Austl.
J. Leg. Phil. 1, 1999 (Hein Online)
5. Kate Tokeley, INTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION: TRENDS IN
STATUTORY INTERPRETATION AND THE JUDICIAL PROCESS 33 Victoria
U. Wellington L. Rev. 545, 2002 (Hein Online)
6. T.R.S. Allan, LEGISLATIVE SUPREMACY AND LEGISLATIVE INTENTION:
INTERPRETATION, MEANING AND AUTHORITY 63 Cambridge L.J. 685,
2004 (Hein Online)
7. W.A. Wilson, QUESTIONS OF INTERPRETATION 1987 Statute L. Rev. 142,
1987 (Hein Online)
8. Jim Evans, SKETCH OF A THEORY OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION
2005 N.Z.L. Rev. 449, 2005 (Hein Online)
Important Remarks:
1. The List of Cases is merely indicative. During the course of instruction other cases
omitted from this curriculum may be discussed, while some of the cases included
herein may not be dealt with by the teacher concerned. However, the students are
expected, inter alia, to study all the judgments mentioned in this course curriculum;
and keep on enhancing and updating their knowledge of the case law pertaining to the
subject.
2. The reading materials and articles mentioned herein are not exhaustive, and merely
preliminary and suggestive. References to the pertinent portions of the reading
material, articles etc. for suggested reading for each module, which may be different
from the one provided herein, may be communicated to the class on need to know
basis. Additional reading materials suggested herein would be useful for enhancing
your knowledge.
3. Some additional topics, not expressly mentioned herein, may be dealt with while
teaching, whilst some topics mentioned herein may not be taught/discussed. The
principal faculty reserves the right to modify, amend or rescind any of the contents,
terms and conditions, provided in this curriculum.
4. The list of Project topics would be communicated to the class after the
commencement of the academic session.
22
SUBJECT: PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
FACULTY: MR. ASHUTOSH ACHARYA
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE

Public International Law is a compulsory course offered to third year UG Law students. It is
aimed at providing students with an introductory knowledge of principles of Public
International Law- that deals with interactions and relations among states as well among
international and regional institutions. This course curriculum is designed with an objective
to provide elementary academic and functional understanding of different aspects of
international legal system. The course aims to provide a fundamental understanding of
various international legal principles, norms and practice and their role in shaping the
international legal system. It is intended to provide a developing country perspective in order
to address problems that confront the current international legal order.
The course is designed keeping in mind the following specific objectives:
An introduction to the international legal system and laws governing relations among
states, and its expansion to non-state actors (e.g., the private individual, international
organizations and transnational corporations).
To understand and appreciate the scope of principles and concepts of Public
International Law and the issues concerning mutual relations of States and its
relationship with municipal law.
To examine the sources and basis for international law
To appreciate the contribution of various International Organizations for the
progressive development of Public International Law
To provide basic insights into contemporary issues facing international legal order
and how international disputes are settled.
TEACHING- LEARNING METHODOLOGY
The teaching of the course will take the form of formal lecturing and class discussions.
Particular importance is attached to the class discussions, as one of the aims of the course is
to encourage analytical and critical thinking on the part of the student. Pre-reading is
recommended and expected to ensure easier understanding during lectures. Students are
expected to take responsibility for their own learning by reading the course material provided
and conducting research as directed. Students are encouraged to discuss any problems they
may encounter in comprehending the issues involved with the instructor.
Lectures-cum-discussion
Group learning exercises/ assignments/ case studies
Court Room exercises
Total Number of Classes: 80 (including CREs)
EVALUATION SCHEME
1. Continuous Assessment 20%
2. Project Work 20%
3. Court Room Exercise 10%
4. End Term Examination 50%
23
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE I:
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS & THEORIES OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL

LAW
1. Nature, Scope, Basis and Binding Nature of International Law
2. Origin, History and Progressive Development of International law
Naturalism and Positivism
Colonialism and international law
International institutions today
International Law today
Indian contribution to international law
3. Critical Approaches to International Law
Critical Legal Studies Approach
TWAIL
Recommended Readings:
1. Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law 5th Edition, Oxford University
Press, 1998
2. Malcolm N Shaw, "International Law", 7th Edition, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 2014. (Chapters 1 and 2)
3. D J. Harris, Cases and Materials on International Law 7th Edition, Sweet & Maxwell,
2010 (Chapter 1)
4. Sir Robert Jennings and Sir Arthur Watts, Oppenheim's International Law, Volumes
1 and 2, 9th Edition, Universal Law Publishing Company Private Limited, New Delhi,
First Indian Reprint 2003 (Chapter 1)
5. Antonio Cassese, "International Law," Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1st Edition,
2001 (Chapter 1 and 2)
6. J G Starke, "International Law", 11th Edition, Aditya Books/Butterworth's
Publications, London, 2003 (Chapter 1)
7. R.P. Anand, International Law and Developing Countries: Confrontation or
Cooperation? Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1987
8. Blackboard/ discussion /Class notes
Suggested Additional Readings:

Books:
1. R.P. Anand, Studies in International Law and History: An Asian Perspective.
Holland; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2004.
2. Anghie A, Chimni B S, Mickelson K and Okafor O C, eds., (2003), The Third World
and International Order: Law, Politics and Globalization, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff
3. Anghie A (2005), Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Articles:
1. Franck, Thomas (2006), The Power of Legitimacy and the Legitimacy of Power:
International Law in an Age of Power Disequilibrium, American Journal of
24
International Law, 100: 88
2. Andrew T Guzman (2008), How International Law Works: A Rational Choice
Theory, Oxford University Press: New York
3. Anghie A (2006), "The Evolution of International Law: Colonial and Post Colonial
Realities," Third World Quarterly 27: 739
4. Charlesworth H (1999), Feminist Methods in International Law, American Journal
of International Law, 93: 379-394
5. Chimni B S (2004), International Institutions Today: An Imperial Global State in the
Making, European Journal of International Law, 15(1): 1-37.
6. Chimni B S (2010), Prolegomena to a Class Approach to International Law, The
European Journal of International Law, 21(1): 57-82.
7. Chimni B S (2010), International Law Scholarship in Post Colonial India: Coping
with Dualism, Leiden Journal of International Law, 23: 23-51.
8. Gathii, James Thuo (1998), International Law and Eurocentricity, European
Journal of International Law, 9: 184
9. Baxi, Upendra (2006) What May the Third World Expect from International Law?
Third World Quarterly 27: 713-725
10. Makau W. Mutua, What is TWAIL? American Society of International Law,
Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting, pp. 31-39, 2000
MODULE 2: UN SYSTEM & STATUTE OF THE ICJ

1. United Nations: Purposes & Principles
2. UN Organs-GA, SC, ICJ
3. General Assembly-Powers & Functions, Security Council- Powers & Functions
4. ICJ-Composition, Jurisdiction-Compulsory, Advisory and Ad-Hoc
5. Binding Nature of ICJ judgments
Readings:
1. Malcolm N Shaw, International Law, 7th Edition, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 2014. (Chapters 19)
2. D J. Harris, Cases and Materials on International Law, 7th Edition, Sweet & Maxwell,
2010 (Chapter 12)
3. Blackboard /discussion /Class notes

1. D. Bowett et. al., The International Court of Justice: Process, Practice and Procedures,
London, 1997
MODULE 3: SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

1. Introduction to Article 38 legislative history -Hierarchy of sources
2. Custom (CIL)
- State Practice
- Opinio Juris
- Effect of protest, acquiescence and changes in customary law
- Regional and local custom
- Treaties as a material source of custom
3. Treaty law
4. General Principles of International Law
25
5. Judicial Decisions and Writings, ILC
Unilateral Acts of States, General Assembly Resolutions- legal effects
6. Codification and Progressive Development of International Law
Soft law, Jus Cogens
2010 (Chapter 2)
3. Martin Dixon, "International Law", Universal Law house, New Delhi, 4th Edition, 2nd
Indian Reprint, 2001 (Chapter 2 & 3)
4. Ian Brownlie, "Principles of Public International Law", Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 6th Indian Edition, 2004 (Chapter 2 & 3)
5. Antonia Cassese, "International Law", Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1st Edition,
2001 (Chapter 3 & 4)
Suggested Additional Readings

Books:
1. V D. Degan, Sources of International Law, Kluwer Law International (1997)
2. Sir Robert Jennings and Sir Arthur Wattts, "Oppenheim's International Law", Vol. 1
and 2, 9th Edition, Universal Law Publishing Company Private Limited, New Delhi,
First Indian Reprint (2003).
3. Martti Koskenniemi, Sources of International Law, Ashgate (2000)
Articles:
1. P. Weil, Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?, 77 AJIL, 1983, p. 413
2. M S. Mc.Dougal and W M. Reisman, The Prescribing Function: How International Law
is Made, 6 Yale Studies in World Public Order, 1980, p. 249
3. M. Akehurst, Custom as a Source of International Law 47 BYIL, 1974 (5), p.1
4. J. Kunz, The Nature of Customary International Law, 47 AJIL (1953), p. 662
Cases to Study:
1. Case concerning the right of passage over Indian territory Case India v Portugal (1960)
ICJ 6
2. The Paquete Habana (1899) 115 US 677
3. Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United
States) (Provisional Measures) ICJ Rep 1984, P 169; (Merits) ICJ Rep 1986 P 1
MODULE 4: INTERNATIONAL LAW AND MUNICIPAL LAW

1. Theoretical basis: Monism and Dualism
2. The role of municipal rules in international law
3. International Law before Municipal Courts- Comparative Perspectives
- UK Practice (CIL and Treaty Law)
- US Practice (CIL and Treaty Law)
- Executive Certificates
26
4. Incorporation of International Law in India
-CIL, Treaty Law
2010 (Chapter 3)

Books:
1. Sir Robert Jennings and Sir Arthur Wattts, "Oppenheim's International Law", Vol. 1
and 2, 9th Edition, Universal Law Publishing Company Private Limited, New Delhi,
First Indian Reprint 2003.
Articles:
1. Hegde V G (2010), Indian Courts and International Law, Leiden Journal of
International Law, 23: 53-77
2. D. Feldman, Monism, Dualism and Constitutional Legitimacy, 20 Australian YIL
1999, p. 105
Cases to study:
1. Luther Co v James Sagar and Co (1921) 3 KB 532
2. Spain v Owners of Arantzasu Mendi (1939) A C 256
3. West Rand Central Gold Mining Company Limited v The King (1905) 2 KB 391
4. Civil Air Transport Inc v Central Air Transport Corporation [1953] AC 70
MODULE 5: THE SUBJECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

1. Legal Personality-Introduction, Legal personality of the United Nations under
international law
2. States, Creation of Statehood
3. Political Self Determination and Criteria of Statehood- Recognition, Extinction of
Statehood
4. The fundamental rights of states Independence, Equality and Peaceful-coexistence
5. Federal States, Mandated and Trust Territories
2010 (Chapter 4)
27
Books:
1. A. Cassese, Self Determination of Peoples, Cambridge 1995
Articles:
1. N. Schrijver, The Changing Nature of State Sovereignty, 70 BYIL 1999 p.65
2. M. Koskenniemi, National Self-Determination and the Evolving Right of Self
Determination, 47 ICLQ, 1998 p. 537
Cases to Study:
1. German Settlers in Poland PCIJ Series B, Advisory Opinion No 6
2. Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig (1928) PCD, Series B No 15
3. Mavromattis Palestine concessions Case (Jurisdiction) PCIJ Series A, No 2 (1924),
(Merits) PCIJ Series A No 5, (1925)
4. Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands v US) (1928) 2 RIAA 829
5. Western Sahara Case Advisory Opinion ICJ Reports 1975 P 12
6. Reparations for Injuries suffered in the Service of the United nations (1949) ICJ 174
7. Certain expenses of the United Nations Case ICJ Rep 1962 P 151
MODULE 6: RECOGNITION
1. Recognition of States and Governments, Theories of Recognition
2. UK Practice, US Practice and India
3. Legal effects of Recognition
4. Defacto and Dejure recognition, Recognition of Insurgency & belligerency
5. Implied, conditional, collective and withdrawal of recognition
Readings:
Cambridge, 2014. (Chapters 8 )
2010 (Chapter 4)

Books:
1. S. Talmon, Recognition of Governments in International Law, Oxford, 1998
Articles:
1. S. D. Murphy, Democratic Legitimacy and the Recognition of States and Governments,
48 ICLQ, 1999. P.545
Cases to study:
Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig (1928) PCD, Series B No 15

Luther Co v James Sagar and Co (1921) 3 KB 532
Mavromattis Palestine concessions Case (Jurisdiction) PCIJ Series A, No 2 (1924),
28
(Merits) PCIJ Series A No 5, (1925)
MODULE 7: STATE RESPONSIBILITY

1. Nature of State responsibility (Article 2)- Elements of an internationally wrongful act
of a State
2. Breach of an international obligation (Articles 12-15)
3. Responsibility for Act of another State (Articles 16-19)
4. Preclusion of Wrongfulness (Articles 21-25)
5. Self defence, Counter measures, Force Majeure, Distress, Necessity
6. Modes of reparation (Article 34-48), Concept of full reparation, restitution,
compensation, satisfaction, interest
7. Countermeasures (49-54)
1. ILC Commentary on Draft Articles (2001)
2010 (Chapter 8)
Cases to study:
1. Nuclear Test Cases (Interim Protection) (ICJ Rep 1973 99); (Judgment) (1974) ICJ
253
2. Rainbow Warrior Arbitration (New Zealand v France) 1990 20 R.I.A.A.A 217
MODULE 8: LAW OF THE TREATIES

1. The Making of treaties, Stages in their formation
2. Principles of Treaty Interpretation- Article 31 and 32
3. Fundamental Change of Circumstances
4. Principles of treaty Reservation
2010 (Chapter 10)

1. A. Aust, Modern Treaty Law and Practice, Cambridge, 2000
Cases to Study:
1. North Sea Continental Shelf Case 1969 (ICJ) 6
2. Case Concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions (Qatar v Bahrain)
ICJ Reports 1994, 112
29
3. Reservations to Genocide Convention ICJ Reports (1951) 15
4. Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (United Kingdom v Iceland) ICJ Reports (1973) 3
Important International Legal Materials for Reference: (non-exhaustive)
1. Charter of the United Nations 1945
2. Statute of the International Court of Justice 1945
3. Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties 1969
4. Articles on State Responsibility 2003
5. Universal Declaration on Human Rights 1948
6. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966
7. International Covenant on Social, Economic, Cultural Rights 1966
List of Cases:
1. Columbia v. Peru (Asylum case) ICJ Rep 1950 p.266
2. Minquiers and Ecrehos Case (Judgment) ICJ Rep 1953 p 47
3. Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands v US) (1928) 2 RIAA 829
4. Clipperton Island Case (France v Mexico) (1931) (1936) 26 AJIL 390
5. Western Sahara Case Advisory Opinion ICJ Reports 1975 P 12
6. Kuwait v American Independent Oil Co. (1982) 21 ILM 976 (Aminoil Case)
7. Nationality Decrees in Tunis and Moracco Case, PCIJ Rep Series B No 4, (1923)
8. The Tinoco Claims Arbitration Case (1923) I Rep IAA 369
9. B P Arbitration Case (1974) 53 ILR 297
10. Amoco International Finance v Iran 15 Iran-US, CTR 189
11. Barcelona Traction Power and Light Company Case (Preliminary Objections) ICJ Rep
1964 p 44, Final Verdict (1970) ICJ 3
12. Haile Selassie v Cable and Wireless Limited No. 2 (1939) Ch. 182 CA
13. I 'm Alone Case (1933-1935) 3 R.I.A.A 1609
14. Nuclear Test Cases (Interim Protection) (ICJ Rep 1973 99); (Judgment) (1974) ICJ
253
15. Owners of the Phillippine Admiral v Wallem Shipping (Hong Kong) Limited (The
Phillippine Admiral); Telfair Shipping corporation v Owners of the Ship Phillippine
Admiral (1977) A C 373 PC
16. Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising
from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Provisional Measures) (Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya v United Kingdom) Case 1992 ICJ 3 (Provisional Measures) (Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya v United States) ICJ Rep 1992 P 234
17. R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate Ex P Pinochet Ugarte (No.3) 2000)
1 A C 147
18. Rahimtoola v Nizam of Hyderabad; sub nom. Nizam of Hyderabad v Jung (1958) AC
379
19. Rainbow Warrior Arbitration (New Zealand v France) 1990 20 R.I.A.A.A 217
20. Rann of Kutch Case (1968) 7 ILM 633
21. Thai-Europe Tapioca Service Limited v Pakistan Directorate of Agricultural 'Sulies
(The Harmattan) (1975)3 All E R 961 CA
22. Trail Smelter Arbitration (1938, 1941) 3 R.I.A.A. 1905
23. Trendtex Trading Corporation v Central Bank of Nigeria [1977] Q.B. 529
24. International Status of South West Africa (1950) ICJ 79
25. Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia
ICJ Reports 1971 P 16
30
26. Robert E Brown Case (1923) 6 RIAA 120
27. Application of Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v Yugoslavia), ICJ Reports 1997 P 2
28. North Sea Continental Shelf Case 1969 (ICJ) 6
29. Case concerning the Land and maritime Boundary between Cameron and Nigeria,
Judgment of 10 October 2002, Para 263
30. Aegian Sea Continental Shelf Case, ICJ Reports (197) 3 at 38-44
31. Case Concerning Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions (Qatar v Bahrain)
ICJ Reports 1994, 112
32. Reservations to Genocide Convention ICJ Reports (1951) 15
33. Anglo French Continental Shelf Arbitration ILR 54
34. Asian Agricultural Products Limited v Republic of Sri Lanka ILR 106, 406
35. Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (United Kingdom v Iceland) ICJ Reports (1973) 3
36. Competence of the General Assembly for the Admission of a State to the United Nations
(1950) ICJ 4
37. Conditions of Admission of a State to membership in the United Nations ICJ Rep
1948P57
Landmark Case Laws:

1. Reparations for Injuries suffered in the Service of the United nations (1949) ICJ 174
2. Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide (1951) ICJ 15
3. La Grand (Germany v USA) Provisional measures) ICJ Rep 1999 P 9; (Merits) ICJ
Rep 2001 P466
4. Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia
(South West Africa) ICJ Rep 1971 P 16
5. Western Sahara Case (1975) ICJ 12
6. Legality of the threat or use of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflicts (United Nations)
ICJ Rep 1996 P 226
7. Certain expenses of the United Nations Case ICJ Rep 1962 P 151
8. Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia (merits) Judgment NO 7) PCIJ
Series A No 7 (1926)
9. Certain Phosphate lands in Nauru Case ICJ Rep 1992 P 240
10. Chorzow Factory Case (Jurisdiction) PCIJ Series A, No.9, (1927) (Merits) PCIJ
Series A No 17(1928)
11. Competence of the General Assembly for the Admission of a State to the United
Nations (1950) ICJ 4
12. Conditions of Admission of a State to membership in the United Nations ICJ Rep
1948P57
13. Alabama Claims Arbitration Case (1872) Moore 1 Int. Arb. 495
14. Anglo Iranian Oil Company Cased Interim Measures (ICJ Pleadings 1953 p 89, Final
Judgment (1952) ICJ 95
15. Anglo Norwegian Fisheries Case 1951 ICJ 116
16. Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United
States) (Provisional Measures) ICJ Rep 1984, P 169; (Merits) ICJ Rep 1986 P 14
17. Case concerning the right of passage over Indian territory Case India v Portugal
(1960)ICJ6
18. The Paquete Habana (1899) 115 US 677
19. The Nuremberg Judgment CMD 6964 (1946)
20. The Tokyo International Tribunal Case (1948)
31
Suggested Project Work Topics
1. Fragmentation of international law: difficulties arising from the diversification and
expansion of international law
2. Unilateral acts of States: Recent work of the International Law Commission
3. Non- state Actors in Terrorism and responsibilities of Sovereign States- The case of Mumbai
Terror Attacks ( 26/11)
4. Before and after: Changed UN Response to Terrorism since September 11th
5. Climate-Change and International Law: The Politics of Creating new markets from Green
Technologies
6. Relationship and implications of the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court
under Rome Statute 1998 with the National Criminal Jurisdictions.
7. India-Italy Marines Case: International Legal Issues
8. Rights of Indigenous communities under International Law
9. Responsibility for Human Rights, Labor Relations, and the Environment in
Developing Nations: Need for Higher International Labor Standards.
10. Introduction of Core Labour Standards within the WTO- Problems for International
Law
11. Nuclear Disarmament and International Law
12. Effects of armed conflicts on treaties
13. Importance and Significance of the Rule of Reciprocity in International Law.
14. Before and after: Changed UN Response to Terrorism since September 11th.
15. Scope of Trafficking of Child Soldiers: Need for expansion of the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the Involvement
of Children in Armed Conflict.
16. Study of the existing gaps and different alternatives in Conventions relating to
Prevention of Terrorism.
17. Critical analysis of Preemptive Defense and International Law with special reference
to the Legality of Use of Force against Iraq.
18. Prospects of the Future for the UN Charter System with special reference to the
prevention of war.
19. Critical evaluation of the Kosovo Crisis and international dimensions of right to
return.
20. Critical evaluation of the effective of the UN Human Rights Institutions in the light
of reservations to Human Rights Treaties.
21. Right to Self Determination and rights of indigenous people under International Law
22. 1978 Amnesty Law and International Treaties
23. Role and contribution of International Non Governmental Organizations to the
development of International Humanitarian Law
24. Implications of the excess commercialization of Outer Space and Development of
International Law
25. Critical Analysis of the Case Concerning Avena and other Mexican Nationals
Mexico/United States of America), March 31, 2004
26. Land-locked and Geographically Disadvantaged States and the International Law of
the Sea
27. Contribution of the Nuremberg Principles to the development of International
Humanitarian Law
28. Prisoners of War and international law relating to armed conflicts: A contemporary
analysis
29. Use offer force, Self Defense and State practice since 1990
32
30. Study of the States Practice and their implications in the Imposition of Economic
Sanctions for the enforcement of Human Rights
31. International Law as "law': Is there really 'law' in international affairs?
32. Study of the Rule of Proportionality and force in international law
33. Critical evaluation of State responsibility for environmental pollution in international
law
34. Control of biological weapons and international law
35. Terrorism and Human Rights: Use of Force as a response to terrorism.
36. TRIPS-CBD Relationship: Has International Law Failed to Endorse the Gap?
37. Right and Duties of Neutral Nations in International Law
38. Scope of the Jurisprudential contribution of the International Tribunals in Former
Yugoslavia & Rwanda with special reference to Genocide
39. Scope of the right to Apply for Political Asylum and International Law
40. International Humanitarian Law and Consular Protection in the Context of Criminal
Justice
41. Universality Principle and the Responsibility to Enforce International Law
42. Critical evaluation o/the theory, practices and realities of International Trade in
Endangered Species
43. Enforcement of the decisions of ICJ and the efficacy of the UN Dispute Settlement
Mechanism
44. Critical evaluation of the contribution of the Resolution of General Assembly
Resolutions and their contribution to international law
45. International Criminal Extradition and International Diplomacy
46. International Law and need for reconceptualisation of State Sovereignty in the 21st
Century - A Critique
47. Critical evaluation of the role of the United Nations Security Council in the
development of International Law
48. Comparative analysis of National Approaches to the Incorporation of International
Law in Municipal Law
49. Case Study of State Succession, International Law and the role of the United Nations
50. Human Rights of Aliens in International Law
51. Regulation of Statelessness under International Law
52. International Economic Cooperation and the World Trade Organization.
53. State Responsibility and International Crimes: Further Reflections on Article 19 of
the Draft Articles on State Responsibility
54. Individual Responsibility for assisting the Nazis in Persecuting Civilians
55. Nuremberg Principles and Command Responsibility
56. Recognition of States and Diplomatic Relations
57. Locus Standi of Unrecognized States and Governments and status of claims before
Domestic Courts and States Practices
58. Admission of new states to International Community: Procedural Challenge and
implications: A Case Study
59. Right of Self Determination and International Implications
60. Modern concept of State sovereignty and State hood and Recognition: Case Studies
61. International implications of Recognition of Governments in Exile: A Case Study
62. Extent to which existence of democratic institutions or consent of populace are
relevant factors for aspiring new State or government to be recognized by other
States.
63. Changing Face of Recognition of States in International Law: A Case Study of Tibet
64. State Succession and Conceptual Problems
33
65. International Law and State Succession in relation to Human Rights Treaties: A Case
Study
66. Political-Offence exception: Reconciling the tension between Human Rights
Protection and International Public Order - A Critique
67. Standing to allege violations of the Doctrine of Specialty: An examination of the
relationship between the individual and the sovereign
68. Legality of extraterritorial abduction in lieu of extradition
69. Principle of Specialty: A bifurcated analysis of the rights of the accused
70. Status and rights of Refugees under International law: New Issues
71. Political Offence- Exception to Extradition: From inception to modern terrorism
Emerging trends
72. Oil and International Law: the Geopolitical Significance of Petroleum Corporations -
Oil Corporations and International Law
73. Freedom of Navigation and Right of Innocent Passage in International law: A Case
Study
74. State Responsibility for International Wrongs and new Developments
75. Newly Independent and Separating States and Succession to Multilateral Treaties
76. 1978 Vienna Convention on Success of States in respected of Treaties: An
inadequate response to the issue of State Succession- A Critical Study
77. State Succession and Statelessness: The emerging right to an effective Nationality
under International Law
78. Scope of Privileges and Immunities of International Criminal Court
79. Developments in relation to Jurisdictional Immunity to foreign diplomatic and
consular personnel
80. Diplomatic Immunities and National Judicial Responses - A Case Study
81. Status of Diplomatic bag in International Law
82. Reservations to multilateral treaties and contemporary developments
83. Critical analysis of the Vienna Convention on Law of Treaties and Reservations
84. Reservations to Human Rights Treaties and International Developments
85. A Critical Study of the implications of Reservations to CEDAW and CRC
86. Impact of Peremptory Norms of International Law on the Interpretation and
Application of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions
87. Prohibition of Torture as an International Norm of Jus Cogens and the implications
for National and Customary law
88. Contribution of the ICJ to the development of Jus Cogens
89. Prohibition of Rape in IHL as Jus Cogens and implications
90. Good Faith in application and interpretation of Double Taxation Agreements
91. Can International Law Set Binding Limits against an IP maximalist Agenda?
92. The law of the Sea and the Gulf oil spill: Legal response
93. International Law and Municipal Law: How treaties should be ratified?
94. US-Russia Exchange of Spies: Can citizens be deported under International Law?
Important Notes:
In addition to the above referred project topics, the Students will have preference to
choose a topic in consultation with the Course Faculty.
From time to time important and most relevant works of scholarship (academic
articles) on specific topics shall be provided to supplement the understanding of the
course in an application based approach to study the course.
During the course teaching it is strongly recommended to best utilize the resources on
the subject available at our Library and the online resources subscribed by NLUJ.
34
SUBJECT: COMPANY LAW- I
FACULTY: VARENDYAM JAHNAWI TIWARI
DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE:

Company Law in National Law University, Jodhpur is divided into two parts - Company
Law-I and II and is a compulsory course offered to UG law students. Company law is
considered to be the foundation of Corporate and business laws. The objective of this course
is to build an understanding of the fundamentals of company law. This paper will also help
student acquire knowledge and develop understanding of the regulatory framework of
companies with reference to various provisions of Companies Act and its schedules, rules,
notifications, circulars, clarifications there under including case laws and Secretarial
standards.
The paper needs to be taught in light of the New Companies Amendment Act 2013. The
Companies Act 1956 has not been repealed. The New Act of 2013 is made applicable by
notifications as to particular sections by the Ministry of Company Affairs. The notified
sections, which replace the provisions of Companies Act 1956, will be highlighted.
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
As per the norms in this subject there will be 6 classes per week. Teaching Methodology will
include Lecture-cum- case discussion, CRE, Assignments / Projects, and Presentations.
SPECIFIC GRADE DETERMINATION CRITERIA:
Continuous Assessment- 20%

Court Room Exercise- 10%
Mid Term- 20%
End Term- 50%
35
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION - COMPANY AS A MEDIUM OF BUSINESS
Company, as a form of ownership, developed in order to address the requirement of business at that
time. It is a statutory creation and it has different forms to suit different requirements of business and
trade. Law recognize veil by dissociating members from company and also the grounds on which
corporate veil may be lifted. This module is intended to deal coherently with the concept of corporate
personality, Nature and Features of a Corporate Body, Theories of corporate personality,
Lifting of corporate veil, Classification of companies and company as distinguished from other
forms of business.
Nature & Forms of Business Enterprise
o Meaning and Definition of Company
o Advantages and Disadvantages of Incorporation
o Characteristics
Theory of Corporate Personality
o Separate Legal Entity
o Lifting the Corporate Veil
Kinds of Companies
o Public and Private Companies
o One person Company
o Holding and Subsidiary
o Limited and Unlimited
o Foreign and Government
Cases
1. Solomon v. A Solomon & Co. (1897) AC 22
36
2. Lee v. Lee Air Farming Ltd. (1960) All ER 420
3. Ritcher Holding v. The Assistant Director of Income Tax (March 24, 2011)
4. Indowind Energy Ltd. v. Wescare Ltd. 2010 SC 1793
5. Vodafone International Holdings BV v. Union of India [2010] 329 ITR 126
6. States Trading Corporation v. CTO (1963) 33 Comp. Cases 1057
7. In Re Kondoli Tea Co. Ltd. (1886) ILR 13 Cal 43
8. Bacha F. Guzdar v. CIT AIR 1955 SC 74
MODULE 2: PRE-INCORPORATION PHASE
Being statutory creations, companies are created by promoters. Promoters play a very
strategic role. It is through their expertise and efforts that a company is born. In
contemporary times, task of promotion has professionalized. Law has the task of
balancing the protection of their interests on the one hand and on the other hand to protect
the interest of the company. Further it maintains sanctity of contracts entered into by
promoters. This module shall widely cover about the
Promoters- Concept and relevance, Legal Position of a Promoter and their Duties
and Liabilities.
Incorporation of a company
o Pre-incorporation Contracts & Provisional Contracts
o Promoters-Concept ,Relevance and Role
o Duties and Liabilities of Promoters
Formation of Company
o Certificate of Incorporation and Its Conclusiveness
o Commencement of Business
37
Cases
1. Kelner v. Baxter [1866] LR 2 CP 174
2. Newborne v. Sensolid (GB) Ltd. [1954] 1 QB 45
3. Erlanger v. New Sembrero Phosphate Co. (1878) LR App. Cas 1278
4. In Re English and Colonial Produce Co. (1906) 2 Ch. 435
5. CIT v. LN Dalmia [1994] 207 ITR 89
6. Radhakrishna Ananta Prabhu v. Siri Construction 1991 (3) Bom. CR 351
MODULE 3: FUNDAMENTAL DOCUMENTS OF A COMPANY
A company is incorporated upon its registration. Registration confers many advantages

on the company. Both MoA (constitution of the company) and AoA (rules for internal
functioning) are necessary for getting a company registered. Moa contains the
fundamental conditions upon which the company is allowed to be incorporated. The three
common law doctrine protects the interest of different stakeholders involved. This
module covers the concept of Memorandum of Association, Doctrine of Ultra Vires,
Articles of Associations and various related doctrines.
Memorandum of Association-
Meanings
Contents
Procedure for Alteration
Effects of MoA
Doctrine of Ultra Vires
Liability clause
Articles of Association
Contents
Doctrine of Constructive Notice
Doctrine of Indoor Management
Difference Between AoA & MoA
38
Cases
1. Royal British Bank v. Turquand (1856) 619 ER 88

2. MRF Ltd. v. Manohar Parikkar [2010] 11 SCC 374
3. UP Rajkiya Nirman Nigam Ltd. v. Indure Pvt. Ltd. AIR 1996 SC 1373
4. S. Dhawan v. Shaw Bros. (1992) 1 SCC 534
5. A Lakshmana Swami Mudaliar v. Life Insurance Corporation AIR 1963 SC
1185
6. Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Co. Ltd. v. Richie (1875) 44 LJ 185
MODULE 4. PROSPECTUS AND ISSUE OF SHARES
A company is bound to raise finances for its sustenance and growth. Therefore, in finance
a prospectus is a disclosure document that describes a financial security for potential
buyers. A prospectus commonly provides investors with material information about
different securities, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and other investments. It also provides
with information like description of the company's business, financial statements,
biographies of officers and directors, detailed information about their compensation, any
litigation that is taking place, a list of material properties and any other material
information. This module is intended to cover the concept of Prospectus in detail and
regarding the issue of prospectus and shares.
Prospectus
o Definition
o Contents
Public Offerings & Private Placements Misstatement and Liabilities
Remedies for Misrepresentation
Cases
1. Union of India v. Allied International Products (1971) 41 Com Cases 127
2. Derry v. Peek (1889) 14 AC 337
39
3. New Brunswick Co. v. Muggeridge (1860) 3 LT 651
4. Progressive Aluminium Ltd. v. ROC (1997) 89 Com Cases 147

5. Krishan Mehta v. Universal Luggage Manufacturing Co. (1988) 63 Com
Cases 398
6. Delhi Cloth & General Mills Ltd. v. Union of India AIR 1983 SC 937
7. Madhubai Amathlal Gandhi v. Union of India AIR 1961 SC 21
8. Manjit Jaju v. ROC [2011] 105 SCL 704
9. Bhupinder Kaur Singh v. ROC [2010] 159 Com Cases 92
10. Kimsuk Krishna Sinha v. SEBI [2010] 155 Com Cases 295
11. Dharmender Kr Lila v. ROC [2010] 104 SCL 275
12. SEBI v. Ajay Agarwal AIR 2010 SC 3466
13. Ritesh Agarwal v. SEBI [2008] 8 SCC 205
14. Nikhil T. Parakh v. UOI 2014 GLH (2) 582
MODULE 5: EQUITY FINANCE
In order to finance its activities the company needs capital. Capital of a company is of
different kinds. Capital can be raised at the time of formation of the company for starting
a business or later on, for expansion and diversification. But once raised it becomes the
permanent liability of the company. And such capital is raised by issuing prospectus in
the market which arouses interest of the investors in the company and it induces them to
invest in the company. It may be generated through different means from various sources
(e.g. public and private). This module is intended to cover the concept of shares and
dividend.
Shares And Related Concepts
o Meaning
40
o Types of Shares
o Differences between various concepts
o Allotment of Shares
o Transfer of Shares
o Reduction of Capital
o Buy-Back of Securities
o Forfeiture & Surrender
o Membership of a Company
Dividend
o Meaning
o Sources of declaration
o Interim Dividend
Cases
1. Messer Holdings Ltd. v. Shyammadan Mohan Ruia [2010] 159 Com Cases 29
2. Western Maharashtra Development Corporation v. Bajaj Auto Ltd. [2010]

154 Com Cases 593
3. Chetan G Cholera v. Rockwool India Ltd. [2010] 155 Com Cases 605
4. MS Madhusudanan v. Kerala Kaumudi Pvt. Ltd. [2004] 9 SCC 204
5. V B Rangraj v. Gopalakrishana AIR 1992 SC 453
6. Khoday Distilleries Ltd. v. CIT
7. Bajaj Auto Ltd. v. N K Firodia AIR 1971 SC 321
41
8. Sandvik Asia v. Bharat Kumar Padamsi [2009]
9. SEBI v. Sterlite Industries Ltd. [2003] 45 SCL 475
10. Cosmosteels Pvt. Ltd. v. Jairam Das Gupta AIR 1978 375
11. In Re TCI Industries Ltd. [2004] 50 SCL 450
12. Zenith Infotech Limited v. The Bank of New York Mellon 23/4/2014
MODULE 6: DEBT FINANCE
Debt financing occurs when a firm raises money for working capital or capital
expenditures by selling bonds, bills or notes to individuals and/or institutional investors.
In return for lending the money, the individuals or institutions become creditors and
receive a promise the principal and interest on the debt will be repaid. The other way to
raise capital in the debt markets is to issue shares of stock in a public offering; this is
called equity financing. Debts are important for corporations as it leads to shareholders
wealth maximisation and diversification of activities of the company.
Meaning and Definition
o Debentures and Bonds
o Characteristics
o Shareholder vis--vis Debenture holder
o Kinds of Debentures
o Debenture Trustees
o Debenture Trust Deed
Cases
1. Mresults Services Pvt. Ltd. v. Pan Electronics India Ltd. [2011] 162 Com
Cases 243
2. Caparo India Ltd. v. Caparo Maruti Ltd. [2007] 75 SCL 287
3. Lloyds Finance Ltd. v. Emtex Industries Ltd. [2003] 115 Com Cases 560
42
4. Indiana Spices & Foods Ind. Ltd. v. Indian Charge Chrome [1997] 89
Com Cases 570
5. Prag Tools Ltd. v. Official Liquidator (1984) 56 Com Cases 961
6. Standard Chartered Bank Ltd. v. Walker (1982) 3 All ER 938
7. Union of India v. Coorg Estates Ltd. (1963) 2 Com LJ 164
8. Bajaj Auto Ltd. v. Western Maharashtra Development Corporation

8/5/2015
READING MATERIAL (Textbook and references)
Legislations:
a. Companies Act 2013 and 1956

b. Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 and Companies (Amendment) Bill,
2016
c. Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992
d. (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2009
e. Depositories Act, 1996
f. Securities Contract Regulation Act, 1956
g. Secretarial Standards by ICSI
h. Foreign Exchange Management Act,1999
i. Competition Act,2002
j. The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985
Further references:
1. M.C. Bhandari, Guide to Company Law Procedures, LexisNexis, 23rd

edition, 2015
2. C.A. Kamal Garg, Bharats Corporate and Allied Laws, 2013
3. Charles Wild & Stuart Weinstein Smith and Keenan, Company Law,
Pearson Longman, 2009
4. Charlsworths Company Law, Alastair Hudson Ed., Sweet and Maxwell,
43
London, 2010
5. Institute of Company Secretaries of India, Companies Act 2013, CCH

Wolter Kluver Business, 2013
6. K S Anantharaman, Lectures on Company Law: Covering Companies

Act, 2013 and Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, Lexis Nexis; 12
edition, 2015
7. K. Majumdar & G. K. Kapoor, Company Law and Practice, Taxmann

Publications Private Limited; 20th edition, 2015.
8. Palmers Company Law, Sweet and Maxwell London Company

Investigations and Public Law, 1999
9. Paul L. Davis, Principles of Modern Company Law, Thomson Sweet and

Maxwell, London
10. A. Ramaiya, Guide to The Companies Act (Providing Guidance On The

Companies Act, 2013)
LexisNexis; Eighteenth edition (1 December 2014)
11. S. K. Verma & Suman Gupta, Corporate Governance and Corporate Law
Reform in India, 2005.
12. Taxmann, A Comparative Study of Companies Act 2013 and Companies

Act 1956, 1st edition, 2015.
13. V.S. Datey : Guide to Tax and Corporate Laws.
14. C.R. Datta : Datta on the Company Law; Lexis Nexis, Butterworths
Wadhwa, Nagpur
15. A. Ramaiya : Guide to the Companies Act; Lexis Nexis, Butterworths

Wadhwa, Nagpur.
16. K.C. Garg, R.C. Chawla, Vijay Gupta : Company Law; Kalyani
Publishers.
JOURNALS:
1. Chartered Secretary: ICSI, New Delhi.
44
2. Student Company Secretary: ICSI, New Delhi.
3. Corporate Law Adviser.
4. Company Law Journal.
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
1. Latest cases will be provided during the administration of the course.
2. The latest edition of all the books referred to above should be read.
45
SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE-III
INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
FACULTY: DR. MANISHA MIRDHA
INTRODUCTION TO COURSE AND OBJECTIVES

India is a laboratory of Political, Economic, Social development and change. It is a
political system grounded in conservative traditions but simultaneously a society in
progress and process of change. The basis of Legal system is Constitution. Constitution
provides the guidance regarding the formation and function of Legislature,
Administration and Judiciary.
Political Science (III) Indian Government and Politics, provides a clear and concise
account of the contemporary Indian political system. It explains the historical legacies
that have shaped the structures of Indian government and influenced the patterns of its
politics. Simultaneously the course describes the network of Indian institutions at federal
and provincial level. It conveys a sense of where power is located, how it is used and the
constraints on its exercise. This course not merely describes the well established
framework of Government and Law but also elaborates and analyzes these structures with
reference to the constantly changing socioeconomic and political milieu. It aims to
provoke a debate amongst students on issues that are critical in grasping contemporary
India
CREDIT HOURS
As per credit hours allotted to the subject there will be 6 classes per week. Teaching
Methodology will include Lecture-cum- discussions and Presentations
EVALUATION SCHEME
Continuous Assessment - 30%
Mid Term-20%
End Term -50%
46
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE I
OVERVIEW OF THE INDIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM
Character of the Indian National Movement
Approaches to the study of Indian Politics
The Constituent Assembly of India- Background, Composition and Working
Constitutional Assembly Debates
Salient Features of the Working process of the Constituent Assembly
Granville Austins views
Criticisms of the Constituent Assembly
India: Social Structure and Democratic Process
Essential Readings:
1. Bhargava, R. (2008) Introduction: Outline of a Political Theory of the Indian

Constitution,in Bhargava, R. (ed.) Politics and Ethics of the Indian Constitution.
New Delhi: Oxford University Press
2. Chaube, S.K. (1973) The Indian Problem, in Constituent Assembly of India.
Delhi: Peoples Publishing House
3. Austin, G. (1979) The Constituent Assembly: Microcosm in Action, in The
Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. New Delhi: Oxford University
Press
4. Agrawal, A. (2005) The Indian Parliament, in Kapur, D. and Mehta P.B. (ed.)
PublicInstitutions in India: Performance and Design. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press
5. Laxmikanth M.(2016), Indian Polity, Mc Graw Hill Education
MODULE II
UNION GOVERNMENT
The Union Executive: President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
The Parliament: Powers and Functions of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
Functioning of the Parliamentary System in India: Relationship between the two
chambers
Union Council of Ministers
Indian Judicial System: Judicial Structure, The Supreme Court: Functions and
Powers, Judicial Activism, Public Interest Litigation, Judicial Reforms
Judiciary and Democratic Processes: Context of Judicial Review in India
Essential Readings:
1. Shankar, B.L. and Rodrigues, V. (2011) The Changing Conception of

Representation: Issues, Concerns and Institutions, in The Indian
Parliament: A Democracy at Work. New Delhi: Oxford University Press
2. Kothari Rajni(2005), Rethinking Democracy, Orient Longman
47
3. Khare, H. (2003) Prime Minister and Parliament: Redefining
Accountability in the Age of Coalition Government, in Mehra, A.K. and
Kueck, G.W. (eds.) The Indian Parliament: A Comparative Perspective.
New Delhi: Konark Publishers
4. Shankar, B.L. and Rodrigues, V. (2011) The Parliament-Judiciary
Relationship, in The Indian Parliament: A Democracy at Work. New
Delhi: Oxford University Press
5. Manor, J. (1994) The Prime Minister and the President, in Dua, B.D.
and Manor J. (eds.) Nehru to the Nineties : The Changing Office of the
Prime Minister in India, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press
MODULE III
FEDRALISM AND STATE POLITICS IN INDIA
The Nature of Indian Federalism
Determinants of State Politics; Practice, Patterns, Emerging trends in State
Politics
CentreState Relation: An Overview of Legislative, Administrative and Financial
Relations
Centre- State Relations: Areas of Conflict
Office of Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers
Defections and State Politics
Anti Defection Law
Essential Readings:
1. Arora, B. (2000) Negotiating Differences: Federal Coalitions and National

Cohesion, in Frankel, F. Hasan, Z. Bhargava, R. and Arora, B. (eds.)
Transforming India: Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy. New
Delhi: Oxford University Press
2. Rao, M.G. and Singh, N. (2005) A Historical Review of Indian Federalism,
in The Political Economy of Federalism in India. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press
3. Jayal Niraja Gopal and Mehra Pratap Bhanu (2011) The Oxford Companion
to Politics in India, edited by Oxford
4. Fadia B. L. and Fadia Kuldeep, (2016) Government and Politics, Sahitya
Bhawan
48
MODULE IV
POLITICAL PARTIES AND PRESSURE GROUPS
Party System in India Origin, Classification, Salient Features, Organization,
Support Base
Role of Regional Political Parties
Pressure Groups in Indian Politics
Pressure Group Techniques
Salient features of the Indian Model of Pressure groups
Essential Readings:
1. Kothari, R. (2002) The Congress System in India, in Hasan, Z. (ed.)

Parties and Party Politics in India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press
Bhawan
3. Manor, J. (1995) Regional Parties in Federal Systems, in Arora, B. and
Verney, D.V. (eds.) Multiple Identities in a Single State: Indian Federalism in
Comparative Perspective. Delhi: Konark
4. Rodrigues, V. (2006) The Communist Parties in India, in deSouza, P.R. and
Sridharan, E.(eds.) Indias Political Parties. New Delhi: Sage
MODULE V
ELECTORAL POLITICS IN INDIA
Electoral System in India
Election Commission in India-Powers, Functions and Emerging Role
Defects of the Electoral Process
Elections and the process of politicisation
Electoral Reforms
Free and fair Elections-Code of Conduct
Determinants of Voting Behaviour

Bhawan
2. Manor, J. (1995) Regional Parties in Federal Systems, in Arora, B. and
Verney, D.V. (eds.) Multiple Identities in a Single State: Indian Federalism in
Comparative Perspective. Delhi: Konark
3. Yadav, Y. and Palshikar, S. (2006) Party System and Electoral Politics in the
Indian States, 1952-2002: From Hegemony to Convergence, in deSouza, P.R.
and Sridharan, E. (eds.) Indias Political Parties. New Delhi: Sage
4. Chibber. P. and Petrocik, J.R. (2002) Social Cleavages, Elections and the
Indian Party System, in Hasan, Z. (ed.) Parties and Party Politics in India.
New Delhi: Oxford University Press
49
MODULE VI
CHALLENGES TO INDIAN DEMOCRACY
Impact of Caste, Religion and Language
Crime and Politics: The Nexus
Regionalism in Indian Politics
Problems of Violence in India
Globalization and the Changing Nature of the Indian State: The nature of political
power in India, with reference to developmental, welfare, ideological and
coercive
dimensions.
Recommendation of National Commission on Constitutional Review
Essential Readings:
1. Bilgrami, A. (1999) Two Concepts of Secularism, in Kaviraj, S. (ed.)

Politics in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press
2. Brass, P.R. (2003) Introduction: Explaining Communal Violence, in The
Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press
3. Rangnekar D.K.(2012), The Politics of Poverty, Sage Publications
4. Menon, N. and Nigam, A. (2007) Politics of Hindutva and the Minorities, in
Power and Contestation: India since 1989. London: Fernwood Publishing,
Halifax and Zed Books
5. Chakravarti, U. (2003) Caste and Gender in Contemporary India, in
Gendering Caste Through a Feminist Lens. Calcutta: Street
6. Deshpande, R. (2005) State and Democracy in India, Strategies of
Accommodation and Manipulation, Occasional Paper, Series III, No.4,
Special Assistance Programme, Department of Politics and Public
Administration, University of Pune.
7. Frankel, F. (2005) Crisis of Political Stability, in Indias Political Economy
(1947-2004):The Gradual Revolution. New Delhi: Oxford University Press
MODULE VII
PUBLIC POLICY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Meaning, nature and scope of public policy
Types of Public Policy
Forces in the Policy Making ProcessThe Individual Citizen; Electoral Pledges;
Influence of the Media, Pressure Groups, Political Parties
Meaning, nature and scope of Public Administration in a State - Public & Private
administration
Public Administration and Policy making
50
Approaches to Public Policy and Its Implementation
Policy Evaluation
Theories of Organization - Scientific Management - Bureaucratic theory of
organization - Classic theory of organization - Human Relations theory of
organization.
Principles of Organization - Hierarchy - Span of Control - Unity of Command -
Centralised and decentralized administration.
Essential Readings
1. Fadia B. L.and Kuldeep Fadia (2015) Public Administration, Sahitya Bhawan,
2. R.K. Sapru, Public Policy-formulation, implementation and evaluation (Sterling
Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2004)
3. James E. Anderson, Public Policy Making (Holt Rinehart, New York 3rd Edition,
1984)
4. Thomas R. Dye, Understanding Public Policy, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
1978)
Essential Readings:
1. Bilgrami, A. (1999) Two Concepts of Secularism, in Kaviraj, S. (ed.)

Politics in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press
2. Brass, P.R. (2003) Introduction: Explaining Communal Violence, in The
Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press
3. Rangnekar D.K.(2012), The Politics of Poverty, Sage Publications
4. Menon, N. and Nigam, A. (2007) Politics of Hindutva and the
Minorities, in Power and Contestation: India since 1989. London:
Fernwood Publishing, Halifax and Zed Books
5. Chakravarti, U. (2003) Caste and Gender in Contemporary India, in
Gendering Caste Through a Feminist Lens. Calcutta: Street
6. Deshpande, R. (2005) State and Democracy in India, Strategies of
Accommodation and Manipulation, Occasional Paper, Series III, No.4,
Special Assistance Programme, Department of Politics and Public
Administration, University of Pune.
7. Frankel, F. (2005) Crisis of Political Stability, in Indias Political
Economy (1947-2004):The Gradual Revolution. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press
Prescribed Text Books:

8. Atul Kohli, The Success of Indias Democracy, Cambridge University
Press, 2001
9. N.L.Madan, Indian Political System: Socio-economic Dimension, South
Asia Books, 1989
51
10. Paul R.Brass, Caste, Faction and Party in Indian Politics New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 2003
11. B. L. Fadia and Kuldeep Fadia, Indian Government and Politics, Sahitya
Bhawan, 2016
12. Rajni Kothari, Politics in India Orient black Swan, 2012
13. Bidyut Chakrabarty and Rajendra Kumar Pandey: Indian Government
and Politics, Sage Texts, 2008
14. M. Laxmikanth, Governance in India McGraw Hill Education, 2nd edition,
2014
15. Patanjali N. Chaturvedi, Indian Political System, Kunal Book Publisher,
2011
16. Niraja Gopal Jayal and Pratap Bhanu Mehra, The Oxford Companion to
Politics in India, edited by Oxford, 2011
17. Singh, Indian Politics: Constitutional Foundations and Institutional
Functioning, Prentice Hall India Learning Private Limited; 2nd edition,
2011
18. G. Austin, The Constituent Assembly: Microcosm in Action, in The Indian
Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 1979
Secondary Readings
1. B.B. Misra : The Administrative History of India (1934-1947)

2. B.N. Puri : Some Aspects of the Evolution of Indian Administration
3. B.S. Khanna : Panchayati Raj in India
4. Bhabani Sen Gupta : India Problems of Governance, Konark Publishers,
Delhi 1996
5. Bhavani Singh : Recent Trends in Indian Government and Politics,
Vol.II(1991)
6. Bipan Chandra : India After Independence, Penguin Books 2000
7. C.P.Bhambri, The Indian States : fifty years, New Delhi, Shipra, 1999.
Granville
8. G. Ram Reddy : Patterns of Panchayati Raj
9. Granville Austin : The Indian Constitution : Cornerstone of a Nation
10. Gupta, D.C. : Indian Government and Politics
11. Henry Maddick : Panchayati Raj in India
12. Hoshair Singh : Urban Local Government & Administration in India
13. J.R.Siwach : Dynamics of Indian Government and Politics, Streling, New
Delhi 1990
14. M. Shattacharya : Bureaucracy and Development Administration (N.D. Uppal,
1978)
15. M.A. Muttalib : Theory of Local Governance
16. M.V. Pylee : Constitutional Government in India.
52
17. Morris Jones : Government and Politics in India
18. Myron Weiner : Party Building in a New Nation : The Congress Party of India
19. Norman D. Palmer : The Indian Political System
20. P.R.Brass, Politics of India Since Independence, 2nd edn., Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press,
21. Ramesh K. Arora : Administrative Change in India (Jaipur: Alakh Publishers)
22. Rasheeduddin Khan : Federal India A design for change, Vikas 1992
23. S.K. Sharma & V.N. Chawla : Municipal Administration in India
24. S.R. Maheswari : Local Government in India
25. Shriram Maheswari : Indian Administration (New Delhi: Orient Longman,
1998)
26. Subhash C.Kashyap : Our Parliament, National Book Trust, New Delhi
1992
27. Zoya Hasan : Politics and The State in India(ed.) Sage Publication, New Delhi
2000
53
ECONOMICS-II
SUBJECT: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS
FACULTY: Dr. CHITRA SARUPARIA
Dr. KRANTI KAPOOR
OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE

Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies aggregate economic
phenomenon like growth, recession, inflation, unemployment, monetary stability,
exchange rates, international trade and finance. The purpose of this course is to give the
students a thorough understanding of macroeconomic issues, problems and policies. It
would also consist of discussions over the laws that promote economic growth, greater
employment and monetary stability as legal knowledge can improve macroeconomic
regulation.
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
As per credit hours allotted to the subject there will be 6 theory classes per week.
Teaching Methodology will include lecture -cum- case discussion, assignment and
presentations.
EVALUATION SCHEME
Continuous Assessment 30%

Mid-Term Examination 20%
End-Term Examination 50%
54
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE 1: NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING

Nature and objectives of Macroeconomics, their contradictory nature
Different concepts- Stock, flow, Equilibrium and disequilibrium, statics, dynamics
and comparative statics, Partial and General Equilibrium. The circular flow of income
& Expenditure.
National income-different concepts and its measurement
National income identities with government and international trade
Incorporation of environmental concerns in national accounts-Green Accounting.
References:
Case, Fair and Oster (2011), Principles of Macroeconomics, 10th edition, , Pearson
Education Inc. 97-128.
Froyen RT, Macroeconomics: Theories & Policies, 9 th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall
,New Jersy 13-27.
Mankiw N. Gregory (2012), Macroeconomics, 6th edition, Worth Publishers New
York.17-30.
http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/Green_National_Accouts_in_India_1may
13.pdf.
MODULE 2: THEORY OF OUTPUT & EMPLOYMENT

Says market law and the classical theory of employment
Keynes objection to the Classical theory- Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
functions, the principle of effective demand
Consumption function-Average and marginal propensity to consume; determinants of
consumption spending
Investment Multiplier and its effectiveness in LDC, theory of investment
Autonomous and induced investment, Marginal efficiency of capital
Savings and investment-ex post and ex ante equality and equilibrium.
Theories of Interest-Classical Theory of Interest, Loanable Fund Theory, Keynes
Liquidity Preference theory, Modern Theory of Interest-IS-LM curve.
Government Initiatives to Boost up Income and Employment in the Budget
References:
55
Froyen RT, Macroeconomics: Theories & Policies, 9 th ed., Pearson Prentice
Hall, New Jersy 32-4, 51-60, 68-129.
Mankiw N. Gregory (2012), Macroeconomics, 6th edition, Worth Publishers
New York 44-71.
MODULE 3: INFLATION AND TRADE CYCLES

Meaning and theories of Inflation- Demand Pull & Cost Push
Nature and characteristics of trade cycles
Hawtreys monetary theory, Hayeks over-investment theory
Keynes view on trade cycle
Multiplier- accelerator interaction models of Hicks and Samuelson
The Philips Curve Analysis- Trade off between inflation and unemployment
Central Bank Policies and Measures to contain Inflation.
References:
Case, Fair and Oster (2011), Principles of Macroeconomics, 10th edition, chapter
6 , Pearson Education Inc. 135-142.
,New Jersy 210-225.
Lipsey & Chrystal (2011), Economics 12th Edition Oxford University Press 557-
574.
Mankiw N. Gregory (2012), Macroeconomics, 6th edition, Worth Publishers New
York. 91-100, 252-260,385-388.
http://finmin.nic.in/reports/MYR201516English.pdf.
https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/WPS10AFI131014FL.pdf
MODULE 4: MACROECONOMIC POLICIES: MONETARY AND FISCAL

POLICY
Meaning and the Advent of Macroeconomic Policy
Monetary Policy- objectives, instruments,
Fiscal Policy- objectives and instruments, crowding out and its importance.
56
Relative Effectiveness of Monetary & Fiscal Policy
Relevance of the Fiscal Responsibility Bill
Relevance of Central Bank Monetary Policy
References:
Case ,Fair and Oster (2011), Principles of Macroeconomics, 10th edition, chapter 6 ,
Pearson Education Inc. 166-180.
,New Jersy 203-205, 368-388.
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15129.pdf
MODULE 5: MACROECONOMICS IN AN OPEN ECONOMY

Balance of Payments -Disequilibrium in BOP and corrective measures.
Foreign Exchange Market and Central Banks Operations therein
Relevance of FEMA
Partial and Full Convertibility of the Currency
Policy Dilemma and Assignment Rule
International Monetary Fund (IMF)-Its structure and facilities
References:
Froyen RT, Macroeconomics: Theories & Policies, 9 th ed., Pearson Prentice

Hall, New Jersy 271-286.
Lipsey & Chrystal (2011), Economics 12 th Edition Oxford University Press530-
547.
Mankiw N. Gregory (2012), Macroeconomics, 6th edition, Worth Publishers
New York. 335-345, 356-360.
Salvatore, Dominick (20): International Economics, Seventh Edition, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., pp 431-507.
https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/13255.pdf
Factsheet - IMF Concessional Financing through the Enhanced ...
https://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/esaf.htm
MODULE 6: EMERGING MACROECONOMIC ISSUES

Debt Sustainability
Effectiveness of Fiscal Multiplier
Non-performing loan crisis
Financial Sector Stability
Role of the IMF and the Central Bank in the above Contexts
57
References:
IMF (2014) Financial Sector Stability Assessment,

https://www.imf.org/external/np/fsap/fssa.aspx.
IMF (2013) Current Issues in Macroeconomic Policy, URL:
https://www.imf.org/external/country/IRL/rr/2013/062513.pdf
Milaris, Ricardo (2014) Macroeconomic Factors of Non-performing Loans in
Commercial Banks, EKONOMIKA93(1), pp 22-39
Stiglitz. E. Joseph (2001): Globalization and its Discontent, W.W Norton &
company
58
SUBJECT: COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
FACULTY: Dr. RUCHI BHANDARI
Objectives: The course is intended to be a foundation course in the use of cost and
management accounting information in product costing, service costing, decision-
making, planning and control. The course is intended to introduce students to the
possibilities of using accounting information in various managerial situations.
Teaching Methodology
Lecture cum discussion method

Case study
Self-Learning
Presentations
Question answer session
Scheme of evaluation
Continuous assessment 30
Mid-Term 20
End term 50
Total = 100
59
COURSE OUTLINE
Module 1
General Introduction
1.1 Meaning and definition, scope and use of cost and management accounting; Cost
accounting, financial accounting and management accounting interrelationship.
1.2 Designing and installing a good cost accounting system.
1.3 Cost concepts: product and period costs, common and joint costs, short run and long
run costs, past and future costs, controllable and non-controllable costs, replacement
and historical costs, escapable and unavoidable costs, opportunity and differentiable
costs, conversion costs, committed costs, shut down and abandonment costs,
marginal and notional costs.
1.4 Classification of costs: based on financial nature of cost element wise classification,
functional classification based on cost behavior.
1.5 Management accounting: objectives and scope, functions of management accounting,
important tools.
Reading Material:
1. Drury Colin, Management and Cost Accounting, Thomson Learning Inc., Delhi,
2004.
2. Nigam B.M. Lall and Sharma G.L., Advanced Cost Accounting, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai, Fifth Edition, 1992.
Module 2
Contract costing
2.1 Definition, meaning and features.

2.2 Procedure of contract costing.
2.3 Surveyors certificate and retention money.
2.4 Work in progress.
2.5 Cost plus contracts features and principles guiding cost plus contracts.
2.6 Fixed plus contract with escalation clause.
2.7 Bid costing vs. cost plus contract costing.
2.8 Profit on incomplete contracts.
2.9 Accounting standards applicable to contract costing.
Reading material:
1. Nigam B M Lall and Sharma G.L. Advanced Cost Accounting Himalaya

Publishing House, Mumbai, Fifth edition, 1992, chapter 15.
2. Ravi M Kishore Cost & Management Accounting Taxman, New Delhi 3rd
Edition 2002, Chapter 6
60
Module 3
Service costing
3.1 Meaning and definition, important features.

3.2 Service cost units, service cost analysis.
3.3 Service costing vs. output costing.
3.4 Service organizations.
3.5 Operating cost statements.
3.6 Transport costing.
3.7 Hotel Costing.
3.8 Canteen costing.
3.9 Hospital costing
3.10Power house costing.
Reading material:
1. Ravi M Kishore, Cost & Management Accounting, Taxmann, Third Edition, New
Delhi, 2002.
2. Nigam B M Lall and Sharma G.L., Advanced Cost Accounting, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai, Fifth edition, 1992, chapter 16.
Module 4
Process costing
4.1 Meaning, definition and features.

4.2 Process losses and gains.
4.3 Valuation of work in progress: equivalent production.
4.4 Joint products, co-products and by-products.
4.5 Scrap, spoilage and wastage.
4.6 Joint costs objectives for allocation of joint costs and problems.
4.7 Methods of accounting for joint products.
4.8 Methods of accounting for by products.
4.9 Selection of appropriate method.
Reading material:
1. Hilton Ronald W., Managerial Accounting, Fifth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2004
2. Ravi M Kishore, Cost & Management Accounting, Taxman, New Delhi, Third
Edition, 2002, Chapter 8
Module 5
Uniform costing; inter firm comparison and cost audit
5.1 Uniform costing meaning, important features, benefits and limitations.

5.2 Uniform cost manual.
61
5.3 Inter firm comparisons.
5.4 Problems in inter firm comparison and how to overcome them.
5.5 Cost audit meaning, important features and objects.
5.6 Important legal provisions of cost audit.
5.7 Cost audit vs. financial audit.
5.8 Cost accounting records.
Reading material:
1. Nigam B M Lall and Sharma G.L. Advanced Cost Accounting Himalaya

Publishing House, Mumbai, Fifth edition,1992, chapter 12.
Module 6
Marginal costing and C-V-P analysis
6.1 Marginal costing.
6.2 Distinctive features of marginal costing, contribution and presentation of data under
marginal costing.
6.3 Arguments in favor of marginal costing.
6.4 Practical applications of marginal costing technique
(a) Key or limiting factor analysis.
(b) Profit planning
(c) Optimizing product mix.
(d) Make or buy decision
(e) Price fixation
(f) Discontinuance or diversification of product line.
(g) Temporary cessation of operations.
(h) Acceptance or rejection of new order and sub contracting.
6.5 Criticism against marginal costing and its limitations.
6.6 Break-even and cost-volume-profit analysis meaning and important features.
6.7 Assumptions and limitations of break-even and C-V-P analysis.
6.8 Impact of changes in selling price, fixed costs and variable cost on P/V ratio, break
even point and margin of safety.
6.9 Curvilinear break-even analysis.
Reading material:
1. Hilton Ronald W., Managerial Accounting, Fifth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Edition, 2002, Chapters 11 & 12
Module 7
Budgeting and budgetary control
62
7.1 Budget, budgeting and budgetary control, meaning and features.
7.2 Budgeting process.
7.3 Requirements of a sound budgeting system.
7.4 Preparation of various budgets
7.5 Preparation of master budget and its implementation.
7.6 Flexible budgeting.
7.7 Zero Based budgeting.
7.8 Performance budgeting.
7.9 Rolling budgeting.
7.10 Budgetary control ratios.
Reading material:
2. Drury Colin, Management and Cost Accounting, Sixth Edition, Thomson Learning
Inc. 2004.
Module 8
Standard costing and variance analysis
8.1 Standard costing: meaning and definition

8.2 Objectives
8.3 Terminology on standards and types of standards.
8.4 Setting of standards
8.5 Standard costing and control.
8.6 Standard costing vs. budgetary control.
8.7 Variance analysis.
8.8 Interpretation and investigation of variances.
8.9 Revision of standards.
Reading material:
1. Hilton Ronald W., Managerial Accounting, Fifth Edition, Tata McGraw

Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2004
2. Ravi M Kishore Cost & Management Accounting Taxman, New Delhi
3rd
Reference Books
Anthony A. Atkinson, Robert S. Kaplan, and S. Mark Young, Management

Accounting, Pearson Education, Fourth Edition, Delhi, 2005.
Anthony, R N; Management accounting text and cases (Illinois, Irwin) edition
2001
Batty, J; Standard Costing (Plymouth, English Language Book Service) Edition
1996
63
Drury Colin, Management And Cost Accounting, Sixth Edition, Thomson
Learning Inc. 2004.
Gillespie, C; Standard and Direct Costing (New Delhi, Prentice Hall) edition 1997
Hilton Ronald W., Managerial Accounting, Fifth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Horngren C T; Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis (New Delhi, Prentice
Hall) edition 2006
Khan M Y and Jain P K; Management accounting (Tata McGraw Hill) edition
2004
Lal, Jawahar; Cost accounting (Tata McGraw Hill) edition 2003
Prasad N K; Principles and Practice of cost accounting (Book Syndicate Pvt. Ltd.,
Kolkota) edition 2000
Ronald M Copeland and Paul E Daschler, Managerial Accounting (New York:
John Wiley & Sons). Edition 1998
Shillanglaw. G, Cost Accounting: Analysis and control (Homewood: Richard D.
Irwin) Edition 2001
Shukla M. C. and Grewal T S, Cost accounts: Text & Problems, (New Delhi, S
Chand & Co.) edition 2000
Swaminathan L; Lectures on Costing (Delhi: S. Chand & Co.) edition 2002
Walter B Mcfarland, Concepts of Management Accounting (New York: National
Association of accountants) edition 1998
Welsch, Glenn A., Budgeting: Profit Planning and Control (Englewood Cliffs,
Prentice hall) Edition 2001
64
SUBJECT: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
FACULTY: Dr. ARCHI MATHUR
Objectives:
The objective of this course is to acquaint the students with the basic concepts and
techniques of strategy and its formulation in business along with applicatory issues.
Evaluation Criteria:
End Term: 50%

Project: 20%
Continuous Assessment: 30%
(Case Study: 15% & Class Test: 15%)
65
COURSE OUTLINE
Module-1 Concept of Strategy:
Need for Business Strategy

Types of Strategies
Strategic Management Process
1. Wheelan Thomas L & Hunger David J, Strategic Management & Business Policy:
Entering 21st Century Global Society, 6th Edition, Addison Wesley, 1998;
Chapter 1, pg 3-4.
2. Kzmi Azhar, Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000; Chapter 2, pg 23-39;
Chapter 3, pg 39-54.
3. Prasad LM, Business Policy: Strategic Management, Sultan Chand & Sons, 2001;
Chapter 1, pg 3-34.
Module- 2 Strategic Planning:
Characteristics of Objectives
Objective Setting
Board of Directors
Chief Executive Officer
Corporate Planning Staff
Responsibilities of Business Firm.
Chapter 2, pg 27-35 & 39-41, 43-45.
2. Kzmi Azhar, Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000; Chapter 4, pg 82-92.
Chapter 3, pg 56-71; Chapter 4, pg 81-109.
4. Mamoria & Mamoria, Business Planning & Policy, 1st edition, Himalaya
Publishing House, 1987; Chapter 4, pg 86-94; Chapter 5, pg 100-117.
Module- 3 Environmental Appraisal:
Environment
Environmental Scanning and Analysis
External Environment
Issues Priority Matrix
Pest Analysis
Five Force Analysis, Generic Strategies
ETOP, EFAS
Marketing Warfare Strategies
Strategic Types and Hyper Competition
66
Internal Environment
SWOT Analysis
Organizational Capability Profile, Strategic Advantage Profile, IFAS
Internal Resource Analysis
Jausch & Osborn Model
Ohames Four Approaches
Value Chain Approach
2. Kzmi Azhar, Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000; Chapter 5, pg 97-114;
Publishing House, 1987; Chapter 3, pg 55-79.
Module-4 Alternative Strategies:
Types of alternative strategies

Approaches to Alternative Strategies
Stability Strategy
Growth Strategy
Retrenchment Strategy
Combination Strategy
1. Wheelan Thomas L & Hunger David J, Strategic Management & Business

Policy: Entering 21st Century Global Society, 6th Edition, Addison Wesley,
1998; Chapter 6, pg 133-155.
2. Kzmi Azhar, Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000; Chapter 9, pg 213-
223; Chapter 7, pg 147-173.
3. Prasad LM, Business Policy: Strategic Management, Sultan Chand & Sons,
2001; Chapter 7, pg 182-198; Chapter 8, pg 205-236.
Publishing House, 1987; Chapter 34, pg 620-632.
Module- 5 Choosing the Strategy:
Arther D. Littles Company Matrix

Gap Analysis
Hofers Matrix
Portfolio Planning Tools
Space Analysis
Directional Policy Matrix
67
Module- 6 Implementation and Control:
Organizational Implementation
Organizational Life Cycle
McKinseys 7-S Framework
Managing Diverse Cultures through Acquisitions
Definition of Evaluation/Control
Management Control Process
1. Wheelan Thomas L & Hunger David J, Strategic Management & Business

Policy: Entering 21st Century Global Society, 6th Edition, Addison Wesley,
1998; Chapter 8, pg 183-199; Chapter 9, pg 207-222; Chapter 10, pg 231-251.
2. Kzmi Azhar, Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000; Chapter 9/10/11/12,
pg 211-300; Chapter 13, pg 311-331.
3. Prasad LM, Business Policy: Strategic Management, Sultan Chand & Sons,
2001; Chapter 10/11/12/13, pg 267-357; Chapter 14, pg 361-373.
Books:
Entering 21st Century Global Society, Sixth Edition, Addison Wesley, 1998.
2. Kzmi Azhar, Business Policy, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000.
3. Prasad LM, Business Policy: Strategic Management, Sultan Chand & Sons, 2001.
4. Mamoria & Mamoria, Business Planning & Policy, First Edition, Himalaya
Publishing House, 1987.
5. Cherunilam Francis, Strategic Management: A Book on Business Policy/
Corporate Planning , Fifth Revised edition, Himalaya Publishing House, 2005.
6. Orgland Magne Y., Initiating, Managing and Sustaining Strategic Change:
Learning from the Best, Macmillan Press Limited, 1997.
7. Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, Strategic financial
Management: Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Vision Books
Private Limited, 2002.
8. Aaker David A., Strategic Market Management, Sixth Edition, John wiley & sons
Inc., 2005.
9. Walker, Boyd, Mullins & Larreche, Marketing Strategy: A Decision-Focussed
Approach, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
68
10. Pearce John A II & Robinson Richard B Jr., Strategic Management: Formulation,
Implementation & Control, Ninth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005.
11. Thompson Jr. Arthur A., Strickland III A.J. & Gamble John E., Crafting and
Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage, Concepts and Cases,
Fourteenth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2005.
12. Articles from Brand Equity and The Strategists to be taken up at appropriate
time in the class either in the form of discussion, exercise or case study.
69

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SUBJECT: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

FACULTY: Dr. GARGI CHAKRABARTI

Case law method

Continuous Assessment Tests 20%

Module 1: Concept of Property vis--vis Intellectual Property (IP)

Mapping the Course- A primer

Module 2: Origin and development of Trade Mark and Geographical Indication

Trademarks- common law origins - Paris Convention, Madrid Agreement (Marks),

Module 3: Nature and content of Copyrights and Design Laws

Objectives, Historical developments (Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary

Module 4: Ownership and Enforcement of IPR Patents, Trade Secret and

Objectives, Historical developments, Patent-related treaties : Paris Convention ,Patent

Evolution of Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights

1) Intellectual Property Rights: David Brainbridge

1. Grosse Ruse - Khan, Henning / Jaeger, Thomas: Policing patents

2. Alan Latman, Probative Similarity as Proof of Copying: toward

3. Raj S. Dave, A Mathematical Approach to Claim Elements and the

6. R. F. Whale, Copyright and Owners Rights (1979) 1 EIPR 38

20. Note: Originality 115 Harv LR 1988 (2002)

3. F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD., and ANR v CIPLA LIMITED [I.A 642/2008 IN

5. MERCK SHARP AND DOHME CORPORATION and ANR v APRICA

6. MOHAN LAL, PROPRIETOR OF MOURYA INDUSTRIES v SONA PAINT &

Design Law cases

Sounds, Scents & Colours

Constitutional Prescriptions and copyright

Idea Expression Dichotomy

Subject Matter of Copyright: Literary Works

Subject Matter of Copyright: Artistic Works

Subject Matter of Copyright: Dramatic Works

Subject Matter of Copyright: Musical Works

Patentable subject matter:

Infringement: Literal Infringement

Pith and Marrow Doctrine UK

Test for Doctrine of Equivalence US

Exception to infringement/Defense to patent infringement

Teaching Learning Methodology:

Continuous Assessment: 30%

Module 1: Introduction to the basic principles:

Introduction to the Course

1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed./2002 reprint, Lexis

Module 2: Rules of Interpretation

Language of statute, and Casus omissus

1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed./2002 reprint, Lexis

1. Abhiram Singh v C.D. Commachen, (2017) 2 SCC 629 [Purposive

Module 3: Aids to the interpretation

1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed./2002 reprint, Lexis

183rd Report of the Law Commission of India on: A continuum on the

Module 4: Use of Maxims in the interpretation

A Verbis Legis Non Est Recedendum

1. Brooms Legal Maxims, (10th ed. 2001, Universal, New Delhi)

1. Ahmedabad Pvt. Primary Teachers Assn. v. Administrative Officer,

Module 5: Interpretation of specific statutes

1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed. /2002 reprint, Lexis

1. Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab, (2005) 6 SCC 1: [Penal Statutes]

Module 6: Operation of Statutes

1. Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, (1969 ed./2002 reprint,

Additional Reading Materials:

1. Sukumar Mukhopadhyay, Interpretation of Fiscal Statutes in India, (2nd ed.

1. G E Devenish, THE NATURE OF LEGAL REASONING INVOLVED IN THE

OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS & THEORIES OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL

Suggested Additional Readings: