TABLE OF INFORMATION DEVELOPED FOR 2012 (see note on cover page)

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, m p = 1.67 10 -27 kg Electron charge magnitude, e = 1.60 10 -19 C
Neutron mass, mn = 1.67 10 -27 kg 1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1.60 10 -19 J
Electron mass, me = 9.11 10 -31 kg Speed of light, c = 3.00 108 m s
Universal gravitational
Avogadros number, N 0 = 6.02 1023 mol -1
constant, G = 6.67 10 -11 m3 kgis2

R = 8.31 J (mol iK) Acceleration due to gravity

Universal gas constant,
at Earths surface, g = 9.8 m s2
Boltzmanns constant, k B = 1.38 10 -23 J K
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u = 1.66 10 -27 kg = 931 MeV c2
Plancks constant, h = 6.63 10 -34 J is = 4.14 10 -15 eVis
hc = 1.99 10 -25 J im = 1.24 103 eVi nm
Vacuum permittivity, 0 = 8.85 10 -12 C2 N im 2
Coulombs law constant, k = 1 4 p 0 = 9.0 109 N im 2 C2
Vacuum permeability, m0 = 4 p 10 -7 (T im) A
Magnetic constant, k = m0 4 p = 1 10 -7 (T im) A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm = 1.0 105 N m 2 = 1.0 105 Pa

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT
second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron-volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

Factor Prefix Symbol q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90
10 9 giga G sinq 0 12 35 2 2 4 5 3 2 1
106 mega M cosq 1 3 2 4 5 2 2 35 12 0
103 kilo k tanq 0 3 3 34 1 43 3
10 -2 centi c
-3
The following conventions are used in this exam.
10 milli m I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is
10 -6 micro m assumed to be inertial.
-9 II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive
10 nano n
charge (conventional current).
10 -12 pico p III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at
an infinite distance from the charge.
*IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work
done on a system.

*Not on the Table of Information for Physics C, since Thermodynamics is not a

Physics C topic.

2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.
 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS DEVELOPED FOR 2012

NEWTONIAN MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

u = u0 + at a = acceleration kq1q2 A = area
F =
F = force r2 B = magnetic field
1 2 f = frequency C = capacitance
x = x0 + u0 t + at F
2 h = height E= d = distance
q
J = impulse E = electric field
u 2 = u0 2 + 2a ( x - x0 ) kq1q2
K = kinetic energy UE = qV = e = emf
k = spring constant r F = force
F = Fnet = ma
A = length V I = current
Eavg = -
F fric m N m = mass d A = length
N = normal force q q q P = power
u2 P = power V = k 1 + 2 + 3 + ...
ac = r1 r2 r3 Q = charge
r p = momentum q = point charge
Q
t = r F sin q r = radius or distance C = R = resistance
V
T = period r = distance
p = mv t = time 0 A t = time
C =
U = potential energy d U = potential (stored)
J = FDt = Dp
u = velocity or speed 1 1 energy
Uc = QV = CV 2
1 2 W = work done on 2 2 V= electric potential or
K = mu
2 a system DQ potential difference
x = position I avg = u = velocity or speed
DUg = mgh Dt
m = coefficient of friction r = resistivity
rA
W = F Dr cos q q = angle R= q = angle
A
t = torque fm = magnetic flux
W V = IR
Pavg =
Dt P = IV
P = F u cos q C p = C1 + C2 + C3 + ...

Fs = - k x 1 1 1 1
= + + + ...
Cs C1 C2 C3
1 2
Us = kx Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
2
1 1 1 1
m = + + + ...
Ts = 2 p Rp R1 R2 R3
k
FB = qu B sin q
A
Tp = 2p
g FB = BI A sin q

1 m0 I
T = B =
f 2p r
fm = BA cos q
Gm1m2
FG = - Dfm
r2 eavg =-
Dt
Gm1m2 e= BAu
UG = -
r

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 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS DEVELOPED FOR 2012

FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMAL PHYSICS WAVES AND OPTICS

r=mV A = area u = fl d = separation
e = efficiency f = frequency or
c
P = P0 + r gh F = force n= focal length
u
h = depth h = height
Fbuoy = rVg H = rate of heat transfer n 1 sin q1 = n 2 sin q2 L = distance
k = thermal conductivity n2 M = magnification
A1u1 = A2 u2 sin qc = m = an integer
Kavg = average molecular n1
kinetic energy n = index of
1 2 1 1 1
P + r gy + ru = const. A = length + = refraction
2 si s0 f
L = thickness R = radius of
D A = a A 0 DT m = mass curvature
h s
M = molar mass M = i =- i s = distance
h0 s0 u = speed
kA DT n = number of moles
H = x = position
L N = number of molecules R
f = l = wavelength
P = pressure 2
F q = angle
P= Q = heat transferred to a d sin q = ml
A system
m lL
PV = nRT = Nk BT T = temperature xm
d
U = internal energy
3 V = volume GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY
K avg = k T
2 B u = velocity or speed
Rectangle A= area
3 RT 3k B T urms = root-mean-square
A = bh
urms = = C= circumference
M m velocity Triangle V= volume
W = work done on a system 1
W = - PDV A = bh S = surface area
y = height 2 b = base
DU = Q + W a = coefficient of linear Circle
expansion h = height
m = mass of molecule A = pr2 A= length
W C = 2p r w= width
e=
QH r = density Rectangular Solid r = radius
V = Aw h
TH - TC Cylinder
ec =
TH V = p r 2A
S = 2p r A + 2p r 2
Sphere
4
ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS V = pr3
3
E = hf = pc E= energy S = 4p r 2
f = frequency
K max = hf - f K= kinetic energy Right Triangle
h m= mass a 2 + b2 = c 2
l = p = momentum
p a
l= wavelength sin q = c
c a
2 f= work function
DE = ( Dm) c b q 90
cos q =
c b
a
tan q =
b

2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.
 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS DEVELOPED FOR 2012

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

u = u0 + at a = acceleration 1 q1q2 A = area
F =
F = force 4 p0 r 2 B = magnetic field
1 2 f = frequency C = capacitance
x = x0 + u0 t + at
2 h = height F d = distance
E=
I = rotational inertia q E = electric field
u 2 = u0 2 + 2a ( x - x0 )
J = impulse Q e = emf
F = Fnet = ma K = kinetic energy E i d A = 0 F = force
k = spring constant I = current
dp = length dV J = current density
F= E =-
dt L = angular momentum dr L = inductance
m= mass = length
q
J = F dt = Dp N = normal force V =
1
4 p0 rii n = number of loops of wire
P = power i per unit length
p = mv N = number of charge carriers
p = momentum 1 q1q2
r = radius or distance UE = qV = per unit volume
F fric m N 4 p0 r
r = position vector P = power
T = period Q Q = charge
W = Fidr t = time
C =
V q = point charge
U= potential energy R = resistance
1 2 k 0 A
K = mu u = velocity or speed C = r = distance
2 d
W= work done on a system t = time
dW x = position Cp = Ci U = potential or stored energy
P=
dt m = coefficient of friction i V= electric potential
q = angle 1 1 u = velocity or speed
P = Fiv =
Cs r = resistivity
t = torque i Ci
DUg = mgh w = angular speed fm = magnetic flux
a = angular acceleration dQ k = dielectric constant
I =
u 2
f = phase angle dt
ac = = w2 r
r 1 1
Uc = QV = CV 2
t=rF Fs = - k x 2 2 B i d  = m0 I
t = t net = I a 1 2 r m0 I d  r
Us = kx R= dB =
2 A 4p r3
I = r dm = mr
2 2
x = xmax cos( wt + f ) E = rJ
F= I d B
rcm = mr m 2p 1 I = Neud A
T = = Bs = m0 nI
w f
u = rw V = IR

L = r p = Iw Ts = 2 p
m
k Rs = Ri
fm = BidA
i
d fm
1
K = I w2 Tp = 2p

1 1
e = E i d  = - dt
2 g
Rp
= R
i i
dI
w = w0 + at Gm1m2 e = -L
FG = - r dt
r2
P = IV
1 2 1 2
q = q0 + w0 t + at Gm1m2 FM = qv B UL = LI
2 UG =- 2
r

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 ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS DEVELOPED FOR 2012

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Rectangle A= area df d f du
C= circumference =
A = bh dx du dx
V= volume
d n
Triangle
S = surface area
dx
( x ) = nxn -1
1 b = base
A= bh
d x
2 h = height
dx
(e ) = e x
Circle A= length
w= width d
A = pr2 ( ln x ) = 1
r = radius dx x
C = 2p r
d
Rectangular Solid (sin x ) = cos x
dx
V = Awh
d
Cylinder (cos x ) = - sin x
dx
V = p r 2A 1 n +1
x
n
dx = x , n -1
n +1
S = 2p r A + 2p r 2
e
x
Sphere dx = e x

4 3 dx
V =
3
pr
x
= ln x

S = 4p r 2
cos x dx = sin x
Right Triangle sin x dx = - cos x
a 2 + b2 = c 2
c a
a
sin q = 90
c q
b
b
cos q =
c
a
tan q =
b

2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org.