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This work has the purpose of presenting his life, his works and the
figure of the great poet Cesar Vallejo in its journalistic slope.
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INDEX
DEDICATION ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 4
Chapter I: THE EARLY LIFE OF CESAR ABRAHAM VALLEJO MENDOZA. .... 5
1.1. He was born on a March day .............................................................. 5
1.2. He was an excellent student in primary and secondary school .. 5
Chapter II: HIS UNIVERSITY LIFE AND HIS FIRST WORKS ........................... 6
2.1. He left the university and began to work................................................ 6
2.2. He studied medicine at the National University of San Marcos ............ 6
2.3. Worked as Cashier at an Hacienda .......................................................... 6
2.4. He was teacher of Ciro Alegria. ................................................................ 6
2.5. Romanticism in Castellana literature....................................................... 7
Chapter III: THE BOHEMIOS OF TRUJILLO AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON
CESAR VALLEJO .............................................................................................. 7
3.1. The North group and The University of Trujillo ...................................... 7
3.2. Shock violently with local tastes ............................................................. 8
Chaper IV: A "YOUNG POETA PRECIOUS" IS BORN ...................................... 9
4.1. Cesar Vallejo is not deterred before sarcasm ......................................... 9
4.2. Wins the competition Entre Nous and appears his work "Fabla
salvaje"............................................................................................................ 10
Chapter V: CESAR VALLEJO IN EUROPE ..................................................... 10
5.1. Two young friends traveling Europe full of illusions ........................... 11
5.2. Paris and Russia ..................................................................................... 11
5.3. Happiness seemed to smile. .................................................................. 11
5.4. Economic penures that do not help you follow creating ..................... 11
5.5. He was expelled from France and took refuge in Madrid. ................... 11
5.6. Vallejo and the Spanish Civil War .......................................................... 12
5.7. "Spain, away from me this Chalice" ...................................................... 12
Chapter VI: DEATH IN PARIS .......................................................................... 12
CONCLUSIONS. .............................................................................................. 15
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES .................................................................... 16
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INTRODUCTION
Cesar Vallejo Mendoza is the most internationally recognized Peruvian poet. His
work is characterized by the creation of a very personal poetic language. Also
he is the author of novels, short stories and essays, reflecting his support for the
indigenist movement and socialist ideology.
This work has the purpose of presenting his life, his works and the figure of the
great poet Cesar Vallejo in its journalistic slope.
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Chapter I: THE EARLY LIFE OF CESAR ABRAHAM VALLEJO MENDOZA.
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to the year 1908 made him as "free student" staying in his house in Santiago de
Chuco.
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mountains to the warm Libertean capital. Thirty years later, that child was the
celebrated novelist Ciro Alegra.
Its most prominent members were Antenor Orrego, his founder and mentor,
Csar A. Vallejo, as he was signing, his friend Jose Eulogio Garrido, Oscar Imaa
(1901-1965), Alcides Spelucn (1897-1979), author of the poems The book of the
golden ship, published in Lima in 1926, Juan Jose Lora (1903-1961) published
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his book -Lydia in Trujillo in 1929, Nicanor de la Fuente (1904-1980), Francisco
Xandoval (1902) -1960) author of -The songs of Maya, published belatedly in
1941 in Piura, Luis Valle Goicochea (1908-1954), author of "The songs of Rinono
and Papagil" (Lima, 1932), one of the first Peruvian works Of children's literature,
and the painters Macedonio de la Torre and Federico Esquerre. And many
others. Almost all would have to achieve national or regional prestige, and the
work of some would achieve international prestige, as in the case of Vallejo,
Spelucn, Orrego and Macedonio de la Torre. The most beloved friends of "Cholo
Vallejo"
The closest friends to the "Cholo Vallejo", as they affectionately called it, were
Orrego, Garrido, Spelucn, Imaa and the political future Victor Ral Haya de la
Torre. They were was a group of young provincials, many of them from the sierra,
poor or middle class, intelligent and passionate, who wanted to become
independent of the spiritual tutelage of old Lima.
The regional gesture of the northern was immediately echoed in Arequipa, and
then in Cusco and Puno, where the young students were grouped imbued with a
serious eagerness to renew.
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Chaper IV: A "YOUNG POETA PRECIOUS" IS BORN
In 1916, the poet Juan Parra del Riego heard Vallejo recite his verses, and seeing
in he a promise he called it "young poet precious". Encouraged by this recognition
and the enthusiasm of his comrades, Vallejo sent to the well-known Lima
magazine "Variedades" his sonnet: "El poeta a su amada".
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Despite the indifference in Trujillo and Lima, young Vallejo continued to publish
loose poems. The following year, the originals of his first book were ready to be
edited, with the title "Los heraldos Negros", the subtitle (Poems), and at the foot
of the date: 1918. He signed it as Cesar A. Vallejo.
In 1919, Vallejo published Los Heraldos Negros ", his original poetry book,
without a prologue, maintaining on the cover the date originally planned (1918)
and his name as Cesar A. Vallejo.
4.2. Wins the competition Entre Nous and appears his work "Fabla
salvaje"
In May of 1922 he won the competition organized by the company Entre Nous
with the story "Ms all de la vida y la Muerte", inspired by his return journey to
the paternal house.
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5.1. Two young friends traveling Europe full of illusions
On the 17 of june in 1923, when he was 31 years old, he climbed the boat ladder
that would take him to Europe thanks to the fraternal gesture of his friend Julio
Galvez Orrego.
To this his family had sent him a passage to travel from El Callao to Le Havre, in
France, in first class. The good friend changed his expensive passage of first for
two of third, to enable to Vallejo the longed trip to Paris, where it thought to find
an environment more propitious for its creative work.
There the two young and enthusiastic friends departed. They were far from
imagining that it was a game without a return, and that only three years later both
would lie there underground.
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In 1931, he also published in Madrid, Rusia en 1931, reflexiones a pie del
Kremlin, a collection of chronicles about his observations and experiences in that
country, whose sociopolitical characteristics were then of great worldwide
interest, and whose leaders sought to propagate their ideas throughout the world.
That same year published the novel Tungsteno. Shortly afterwards, he returned
to France and continued to write the countless articles he had to send to Lima
and Trujillo.
5.6. Vallejo and the Spanish Civil War
He returned to Spain in the summer of 1937, in the midst of the terrible Civil War,
which began in 1936 against the Republican Government, and which lasted until
1939. There he was to be shot dead in front of a platoon of General Franco's
triumphant troops, His loyal friend Julio Galvez Orrego.
The Spanish civil war, with its million dead, its churches burned down, the Nazi
bombardment of the cities, the invasion of fascist troops from Mussolini's Italy,
desolate and deserted fields, the exacerbated passion that divided families with
hatred and Neighbors, and the idealistic sacrifice of international volunteers,
deeply touched him.
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Tomb of Cesar Vallejo in Paris
In the last months of that year of 1937 also wrote the drama of Incan subject " La
Piedra Cansada". At the beginning of 1938 it was dedicated to a campaign for
the restoration of the democratic guarantees in Peru. In March of that year, he
fell prostrate in bed of fatigue, to say of himself. Some friends, fellow doctors of
his, visited him by prescribing him one pill or another without treating him
properly. The evil, unknown, did not cease though. Alerted by Dr. Ral Porras
Barrenechea, then Peruvian delegate to the League of Nations, the Peruvian
legation in Paris hastened the transfer of Vallejo to a hospital. He was
hospitalized on the 24 of March in 1938 at the Surgical Clinic of Villa Aragogo.
On 7 and 8 April, his illness became a crisis. After many days of resignation on
his part, of perplexity on the part of the doctors and anguish on the part of his
friends, he ceased to exist on the morning of Good Friday, the 15 of april in 1938,
at 9.20 am The death certificate that appears in the public records office) or at
9.30 am (according to the records of the clinic).
Although it was not a Thursday as the poet had wished, or a "Paris with a
downpour," but a light spring drizzle. His remains were buried on the 19 of april
in the cemetery of Mont Rouge. The obituary speeches were given by Louis
Aragon, French poet; By Gonzalo More, Peruvian; And Antonio Ruiz Villaplana,
Spanish. Aragon vowed to spread the work of Vallejo. However, it would be his
widow Georgette who would perform such work intensely and selflessly, often
misunderstood.
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Montparnasse, writing in his epitaph: "I have snowed so much, that you may
sleep." There they still rest: division 12, 4 north, 7 east.
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CONCLUSIONS.
1. Without discussion, Cesar Vallejo is the greatest Peruvian poet of all time,
a capital figure of twentieth-century Spanish-American poetry alongside Neruda
and Huidobro and one of the most original voices of the Spanish language.
2. Cesar Vallejo achieved the overcoming of modernism and a new
expressive tone. Then, he broke into the vanguard before anyone else with Trilce,
perhaps the most audacious book of contemporary poetry in Castilian. He also
excelled in genres such as narrative and essay.
3. Vallejo developed a poetics of being; that is, of the interior of man. He is
an existential poet: he constantly talks about the existence of man. The problems
and the hardships of the man walk along the lines of his poems.
4. Vallejo embodies the life trajectory of a part of humanity that affirmed its
own project of life and that when submitted, loses its freedom and its possibilities
of realization. Vallejo embodies the hope and optimism of that culture.
5. Vallejo is an example of a teacher. Although not all teachers can ascend
to the peaks of poetry, they are not obligated to do so. The important thing is that
they give everything of themselves and put in the center of their daily bustle their
student.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Basadre, J. Historia de la Repblica del Per, octava edicin, tomo 14.
Tauro del Pino, A. (2001). Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Per. Tercera Edicin. Tomo
2. Lima, PEISA.
Espejo, J. (1965). Csar Vallejo. Itinerario del hombre. 1892-1923'', Librera
Editorial Juan Meja Baca, Lima. .
Maritegui, J. (2004). 7 ensayos de interpretacin de la realidad peruana. En: El
proceso de la literatura. Lima, Ediciones Cultura Peruana.
Mongui, L. (1952) Csar Vallejo, vida y obra. Lima, Editora Per Nuevo.
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