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= Mole fraction of acetone in liquid; = Mole fraction of acetone in vapor; BP: Bubble
point
1.0 Equilibrium
curve 6th stage
Top operating line
for Rmin
0.9
of Acetone
0.8
6
0.7
q-line
0.6
y, fraction
0.5
mole
0.3
0.2
xD/(Rmin+ Bottom operating
1) line
0.1
0.0
1.
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0
x, mole fraction of Acetone
Flow parameter () based on mass flow rate, 0.5
5805 2.0 0.
0.5 6 8 5 =
926.2 74 1285 0.6
= 56.5 4 =0.033 .718.4 93 0.5
97440. 95
= 58 5 =0.016
= 2 = 0.12 20
0
0.2 7442. 0.5 58 0.2 955 0.693 0.5
20 08
= 2.26 m/s = 0.11
20 2.08 20 0.693
[ = liquid surface tension, mN/m] = 5.05 m/s
= 15.84 =3.92 m2
Net area required: 4.04
= 6.98 =3.88 m2
= 3.920.9 =4.36 m2
1.8
Use the highervalue of the tower diameter for the uniformity between sections, if the
difference is not greater than 20%. In this case, the bottom diameter is used both in
top and bottomsections. Higher area than the design area (here top section) can be
taken care by reducing the perforated area.
The nearest recommended shell (nominal diameter 2400 mm) fabricated from
carbon steel or stainless steel sheet in IS 2844-1964: ID 2403 mm with minimum wall
thickness: 8 mm for carbon steel) and 6 mm for stainless steel.
Step #5: Selection of liquid-flow arrangement
Liquid volumetric flow rate in the top section = 360058056744 0.012m3/s
Liquid volumetric flow rate in the top section = 1285 .718.4 0.007m3/s
3600 955
Therefore, single pass cross-flow sieve plate is chosen for this service ([3] page 568).
Step #6: Provisional plate design (refer to sections 7.6.2 & 7.6.3)
Column (tower) diameter (ID): 2.4 m
Column cross-section area: =0.785 2=4.52 m2
Downcomer area: = 0.1 = 0.452 m2
Net area: = = 4.068 m2
9.02 23
750 1.752 =27.2 mm liquid height
744
4.6
2 = 750 1.752 23 =14.7
3 955
Minimum weir crest, = 750 =
mm liquid height
6.32 23
750 1.752 =21.5 mm liquid height
744
2= 30.2at + =54.7
The constant ( 2) of weep-point correlation= 30.3 at
+ =40+21.5=61.5 mm using minimum liquid
flow rate ([3] page 571).
The minimum vapor velocity ( min ) at the weep at the weep point:
min
30.20.9(25.4
point: 12)
0.9(25.4 30.30.9(25.4 min = 1/2 =21.8 m/s
) 12) (0.693
)
=2 = (2.08)1/ =12.6 m/s
mi 1/2 2
n
Actual minimum vapor velocity at minimum vapor
0.715.
flow rate: 84
0.48
=Actual flow = 9 =22.7 m/s
vapor rate = 70 % of = 0.76.98=10
0.4
89
m/s
Therefore, the minimum operating velocity both in top and bottom sections is of above
the weep point velocity.
Step #8: Plate pressure drop (refer to section 7.4; Eqs. 7.7, 7.8 & 7.10)
Top section Bottom section
6.9 15.
8 84
Maximum vapor velocity: = = =14.3 = = =32.4 m/s
0.489 0.489
m/s
32. 0.6
4 93
= 51 2 = 50.2 mm
Maximum dry plate pressure drop: =
0.88)955
14. 2.
2
3 08 liquid
51 = 51 2 = 37.5 mm liquid
0 0.88) 744
[The orifice coefficient, 0 =0.88 at/ = 15%
plate
thickness
and =1 ([3] page 576). 12.5 12.51
hole
diameter 103 03
= = =13 mm
12.5 12.5
955
3 3
10 10 liquid
Residual head: = = 74 =16.8 mm
4
liquid
= 50.2 + (40+18.7)+13122
Total plate Pressure drop: = + + mm liquid
+ = 37.5 + (40+27.2)+16.8122 mm liquid
The plate pressure drop of 1.25 kPa (=127 mm of water and 161 mm of acetone
pressure) was assumed. The estimated value in the first trial is therefore acceptable.
0.452(184103
Downcomer residence time: )955
= 12 s >3 s.
0.452 9 6.571
184103 55
= = 12 s
6.571
>3 s.
This corresponds to hole-pitch to hole diameter ratio of ( / ) = 2.46. This is very close
to the normal range of 2.5 to 4.0 times of hole diameter.
The estimated hole pitch ( )=is 29.5 mm.
Joint initiative of IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD Page 27 of
30
NPTEL Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Design - II
= = 0.57
1
1+
= 0.6 (Murphree vapor efficiency 60%)
E =Murphree vapor efficiency, corrected for
liquid entrainment
The actual flooding is below the design flooding value of 80%. Usually, <0.1 is
desirable. However, the optimum design value may be above this.