Section 4.4 Homework-sarang gujar https://xlitemprod.pearsoncmg.

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Student: sarang gujar Instructor: Amanda Whisenant

Assignment: Section 4.4 Homework
Date: 6/20/17 Course: Calculus 1 Summer 1 2017

1. Fill in the blanks: The goal of an optimization problem is to find the maximum or minimum value of the _______ function
subject to the _______.

The goal of an optimization problem is to find the maximum or minimum value of the (1) function subject to

the (2)

(1) optimization function (2) optimizations.

objective function constraints.
constraint function variables.
subjective function extreme values.

2. If the objective function is Q = x2 y and you know that x + y = 32, write the objective function first in terms of x and then in
terms of y.

The objective function in terms of x is Q = .

The objective function in terms of y is Q = .

3. Suppose a student wishes to minimize the objective function on a closed interval, but finds that it has only a single local
maximum. Where should the student look for the solution to the problem?

Choose the correct answer below.

A. Determine the value where the second derivative of the objective function is equal to 0.
B. Determine the value of each endpoint for the objective function.
C. Determine the value where the objective function is equal to 0.
D. Determine the value where the first derivative of the objective function is equal to 0.

4. Of all rectangles with a perimeter of 18, which one has the maximum area? (Give the dimensions.)

Let A be the area of the rectangle. What is the objective function in terms of the width of the rectangle, w?

A=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Type your answer in interval notation. Use integers or simplified fractions for any numbers in the expression.)

The rectangle that has the maximum area has length and width .
(Simplify your answer.)

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5. Of all rectangles with area 144, which one has the minimum perimeter?

Let P and w be the perimeter and width, respectively, of the rectangle. Write the objective function in terms of P and w.
Assume that the width is less than the length if the dimensions are unequal.

P=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

Of all rectangles with area 144, the one with dimensions has the minimum perimeter.
(Simplify your answers. Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)

6. What two nonnegative real numbers with a sum of 58 have the largest possible product?

Let x be one of the numbers and let P be the product of the two numbers. Write the objective function in terms of x.

P=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

The numbers that have a sum of 58 and have the largest possible product are .
(Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)

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7. a. A rectangular pen is built with one side against a barn. If 2300 m of fencing are used for the other three sides of the pen,
what dimensions maximize the area of the pen?

b. A rancher plans to make four identical and adjacent rectangular pens against a Barn
2
barn, each with an area of 100 m (see figure). What are the dimensions of each pen
that minimize the amount of fence that must be used? 100 100 100 100

a. Let A be the area of the rectangular pen and let x be the length of the sides perpendicular to the barn. Write the objective
function in a form that does not include the length of the side parallel to the barn.

A=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation. Do not use commas in the individual endpoints.)

To maximize the area of the pen, the sides perpendicular to the barn should be m long and the side parallel
to the barn should be m long.
(Type exact answers, using radicals as needed.)

b. Let x be the length of the sides perpendicular to the barn and let L be the total length of fence needed. Write the objective
function.

L=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation. Do not use commas in the individual endpoints.)

To minimize the amount of fence that must be used, each of the sides perpendicular to the barn should be
m long and each of the sides parallel to the barn should be m long.
(Type exact answers, using radicals as needed.)

8. Suppose an airline policy states that all baggage must be box shaped with a sum of length, width, and height not exceeding
114 in. What are the dimensions and volume of a square-based box with the greatest volume under these conditions?

Write a function for the volume V of the box in terms of w, one of the edges of the square bottom.

V=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

The length of the square-end edge is in.

The box height is in.

The greatest volume of the box is in.3 .

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9. Find the point P on the line y = 3x that is closest to the point (50,0). What is the least distance between P and (50,0)?

Let D be the distance between the two points. What is the objective function in terms of one number, x?

D=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

The point P on the line y = 3x that is closest to the point (50,0) is .

(Type an ordered pair.)

The least distance between P and (50,0) is approximately .

(Round to the nearest tenth as needed.)

10. A boat on the ocean is 3 mi from the nearest point on a straight shoreline; that
point is 6 mi from a restaurant on the shore. A woman plans to row the boat
straight to a point on the shore and then walk along the shore to the restaurant.
3 mi
Complete parts (a) and (b) below.

6mi

a. If she walks at 3 mi/hr and rows at 2 mi/hr, at which point on the shore should she land to minimize the total travel time?

Let x be the distance between the nearest point on shore and the point she lands on shore. If T is the time it takes her to
get to the restaurant, what is the objective function?

T=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

To minimize the total travel time, the boat should land miles from the restaurant.
(Type an exact answer, using radicals as needed.)

b. If she walks at 3 mi/hr, find the minimum speed at which she must row so that the quickest way to the restaurant is to
row directly (with no walking)?

The minimum speed she must row is mi/hr.

(Type an exact answer, using radicals as needed.)

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11. A 6-ft-tall fence runs parallel to a wall of a house at a distance of 22 ft. Find the length of the shortest ladder that extends
from the ground, over the fence, to the house. Assume the vertical wall of the house and the horizontal ground have infinite
extent.

Let L be the length of the ladder, x be the distance from the base of the ladder to the fence, d be the distance from the
fence to the house and h be the distance from the ground to the point the ladder touches the house. What is the objective
function, in terms of x?

L=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

The length of the shortest ladder is ft.

(Round the final answer to the nearest tenth as needed. Round all intermediate values to the nearest thousandth as
needed.)

12. A piece of wire of length 50 is cut, and the resulting two pieces are formed to make a circle and a square. Where should
the wire be cut to (a) minimize and (b) maximize the combined area of the circle and the square?

(a) Let x be the amount of wire used for the circle. What is the function A, the combined area of the circle and square, in
terms of x?

A=
(Type an expression. Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

To minimize the combined area, the wire should be cut so that a length of is used for the circle and a
length of is used for the square.
(Round to the nearest thousandth as needed.)

(b) To maximize the combined area, the wire should be cut so that a length of is used for the circle and a
length of is used for the square.
(Round to the nearest thousandth as needed.)

13. A cone is constructed by cutting a sector from a circular sheet of metal with r
radius 16. The cut sheet is then folded up and welded (see figure). Find the 16
radius and height of the cone with maximum volume that can be formed in this
way. h
16

Write the objective function relating V and h in a form that does not include r.

V=
(Type an expression. Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

The radius is r = and the height is h = .

(Type exact answers, using radicals as needed.)

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14. A silo (base not included) is to be constructed in the form of a cylinder surmounted by a hemisphere. The cost of
construction per square unit of surface area is 8 times as great for the hemisphere as it is for the cylindrical sidewall.
Determine the dimensions to be used if the volume is fixed at 8,000 cubic units and the cost of construction is to be kept to
a minimum. Neglect the thickness of the silo and waste in construction.

What is the function of the cost of the silo, C, in terms of the radius, r?

C=
(Type an expression. Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation. Round to the nearest tenth as needed.)

The radius of the cylindrical base (and of the hemisphere) is ft.

(Round to the nearest tenth as needed.)

The height of the cylindrical base is ft.

(Round to the nearest tenth as needed.)

15. a. Find the radius and height of a cylindrical soda can with a volume of 256 cm3 that minimize the surface area.
b. Compare your answer in part (a) to a real soda can, which has a volume of 256 cm3 , a radius of 2.8 cm, and a height of 1
cm, to conclude that real soda cans do not seem to have an optimal design. Then use the fact that real soda cans have a
double thickness in their top and bottom surfaces to find the radius and height that minimizes the surface area of a real
can (the surface areas of the top and bottom are now twice their values in part (a)). Are these dimensions closer to the
dimensions of a real soda can?

a. Write a function for the surface area of the soda can, S, in terms of the radius, r.

S=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

The radius is approximately cm. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

The height is approximately cm. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

b. The new radius is approximately cm. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

The new height is approximately cm. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

Are these dimensions closer to the dimensions of a real soda can?

Yes
No

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16. An auditorium with a flat floor has a large screen on one wall. The
lower edge of the screen is 4 ft above eye level and the upper edge
of the screen is 12 ft above eye level (see figure). How far from the
screen should you stand to maximize your viewing angle?
12 ft

4 ft

What is the objective function, , in terms of the distance from the screen, x?

=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

You should stand ft from the screen to maximize your viewing angle.
(Type an exact answer, using radicals as needed.)

17. Find the dimensions of the right circular cylinder of maximum volume that can be placed inside of a sphere of radius R.

The right circular cylinder of maximum volume that can be placed inside of a sphere of radius R has radius
r= and height h = .
(Type exact answers, using radicals as needed.)

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18. A right circular cylinder is placed inside a cone of radius R and height H so that the base of the cylinder lies on the base of
the cone.

a. Find the dimensions of the cylinder with maximum volume. Specifically, show that the volume of the maximum-volume
4
cylinder is the volume of the cone.
9
b. Find the dimensions of the cylinder with maximum lateral surface area (area of the curved surface).

a. Let the cylinder have radius r and height h, as shown in the figure. Find an expression for
the volume V of the cylinder in terms of r and h.

V=
H
(Type an exact answer, using as needed.)
h

r
R

Use similar triangles to set up a proportion. For the proportion, use the triangle formed by
the height of the cone and the radius of the cone along with the triangle formed by the
radius of the cylinder and the height from the top of the cylinder to the top of the cone.

R r H
=
H h

r
R

Solve this proportion for h.

h=

Use this result to find an expression for the volume of the cylinder in which h does not appear. This is the objective function
to be maximized for 0 r R.

V(r) =
(Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

dV
To find the critical points of V(r), find , set it equal to zero, and solve for r.
dr

dV
=0
dr
=0
r=
(Use a comma to separate answers as needed. Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

Notice that if r = 0, the volume of the cylinder is 0. This means that although r = 0 is a critical point of V(r), it does not need
to be considered further in this problem.

At the other critical point found in the previous step, the value of V (r) is . Because this is

(1) it follows from the Second Derivative Test that this value of r corresponds to a local (2)
(Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

Thus, the cylinder with maximum volume has radius and height . The volume of this
cylinder is . Because the volume of the cone is , it follows that the volume of the

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4
maximum-volume cylinder is the volume of the cone.
9
(Type exact answers, using as needed.)

b. Find an expression for the lateral surface area L of the cylinder in terms of r and h.

L=
(Type an exact answer, using as needed.)
H

r
R

Use the expression for h found in part (a) to find an expression for the lateral surface area of the cylinder in which h does not
appear. This is the objective function to be maximized for 0 r R.

L(r) =
(Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

dL
To find the critical points of L(r), find , set it equal to zero, and solve for r.
dr

dL
=0
dr
=0
r=
(Use a comma to separate answers as needed. Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

At the critical point found in the previous step, the value of L (r) is . Because this is (3) it

follows from the Second Derivative Test that this value of r corresponds to a local (4)
(Type an exact answer, using as needed.)

Thus, the cylinder with maximum lateral surface area has radius and height .
(Type exact answers, using as needed.)

(1) positive, (2) maximum. (3) positive, (4) minimum.

negative, minimum. negative, maximum.
zero, zero,

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19. Suppose you are standing in a field near a straight section of railroad tracks just as the locomotive of a train passes the
2 1
point nearest to you, which is mi away. The train, with length mi, is traveling at 13 mi/hr. If you start running in a
5 6
straight line across the field, how slowly can you run and still catch the train? In which direction should you run?

Let v be your velocity and let x be the difference between the position of the locomotive when it passes you and the
position at which you catch the tail of the train. What is the objective function in terms of x?

v=
(Type an expression.)

The interval of interest of the objective function is .

(Simplify your answer. Type your answer in interval notation.)

How slowly can you run?

mi/hr (Type an exact answer in simplified form.)

In which direction should you run?

Run toward a point miles ahead of the position of the locomotive when it passes you.
(Type an exact answer in simplified form.)

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20. A notch is cut in a cylindrical vertical tree trunk. The notch penetrates to the axis of the cylinder and is
bounded by the two half-planes that intersect on a diameter D of the tree. The angle between the two half
planes is . Prove that for a given tree and fixed angle , the volume of the notch is minimized by taking the
bounding planes at equal angles to the horizontal plane that also passes through D.

What quantity produces the objective function in this situation? Choose the correct answer below.

A. the volume of the tree trunk

B. the volume of the notch
C. the diameter of the tree
D. the angle between the two half planes

Let 1 and 2 represent the angle that each cut makes with the horizontal plane that passes through D. What is the
constraint equation that relates 1 and 2 ?

Assume that the quantity to be minimized is proportional to tan 1 + tan 2 , so that the objective function is
P = tan 1 + tan 2 . Write this function in terms of a single variable, 1 .

P=

What is the interval of interest of the variable in the objective function?

What equation do the critical points of P( 1 ) satisfy?

= 0 (Type an expression using 1 as the variable.)

At what value(s) of 1 in the interval of interest of P does a critical point occur?

1=
(Simplify your answer. Type an expression using as the variable. Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)

What is the value of 2 at the critical point?

2=
(Simplify your answer. Type an expression using as the variable. Use a comma to separate answers as needed.)

To demonstrate that the volume of the notch is minimized at the point 1 = 2 , evaluate the (1) at this

point. If this value is (2) then the volume of the notch is a minimum when 1 = 2 .

(1) first derivative of P (2) zero,

second derivative of P negative,
function P positive,

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