Experiment No.

PSYCHROMETRIC MEASUREMENT

Course Code: Program:

Course Title: Date Performed:
Section: Date Submitted:
NAME: Instructor:

1. Objective(s):

The activity aims to demonstrate the measurement of dry bulb and wet bulb temperature using the sling
psychrometer and the psychrometric chart.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Measure the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures of the surrounding atmosphere using the
sling psychrometer.
2.2 Develop professional work ethics, including precision, neatness, safety and ability to follow
instruction.

3. Discussion:

Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and small amounts of water vapor. Nitrogen makes up 77%, while
oxygen accounts for 23%. Water vapor can account for 0 to 3% under certain conditions. Water vapor is
measured in grains or, in some cases, pounds per pound of dry air. Seven thousand (7,000) grains of water
equal one pound.

Temperature determines the amount of water vapor that air can hold. Hotter temperatures mean that air
has a greater capacity to hold water suspended. Water is condensed out of air as it is cooled. Outside,
water condensation becomes rain. Inside, it becomes condensation on the window glass. Thus, dry air acts
somewhat like a sponge. It absorbs moisture. There are four properties of air that account for its behavior
under varying conditions. These properties are dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point
temperature, and relative humidity.

There are certain amounts of water vapor per pound of dry air. They can be plotted on a psychrometric
chart. Psychro is a Greek term meaning cold. A pscychrometer is an instrument for measuring the aquous
vapor in the atmosphere. A difference between a wet bulb thermometer and a dry bulb thermometer is an
indication of the dryness of the air. A psychrometer, then, is a hygrometer, which is a device for measuring
water content in air. A psychrometric chart indicates the different values of temperature and water moisture
in air. The dry bulb temperature is located in one place and the wet bulb in another. If the two are known, it
is easy to find the relative humidity and other factors relating to air being checked.
To obtain the relative humidity of air it is necessary to use two thermometers. One thermometer is a dry
bulb; the other is a wet bulb. The device used to measure relative humidity is the sling psychrometer. It has
two glass-stem thermometers. The wet bulb thermometer is moistened by a wick attached to the bulb. As
the dual thermometers are whirled, air passes over them. The dry and wet bulb temperatures are recorded.
Relative humidity is determined by graphs, slide rules, or similar devices.

A sling psychrometer is an instrument that measures relative humidity (a hygrometer). The sling has two
thermometers, a dry bulb and a wet bulb thermometer, mounted together on a chain. The wet bulb
thermometer is wrapped in muslin that is moistened with distilled water. The user then swings the sling until
the temperatures stabilize, then quickly notes the two temperatures. To interpret the readings and
determine the humidity, a chart is then used for the specific altitude at which the reading was taken.
Basically, the drier the air is, the more moisture evaporates from the moistened muslin-covered
thermometer, and the greater the difference between the two thermometers. If the relative humidity is
100%, then the two temperatures will be the same.

Slings have been around for years, and are becoming less and less used for many reasons. With the
advent of digital hygrometers, it's just easier to pull out a device and read the screen. Additionally, besides
being cumbersome and time consuming, slings contain mercury, a hazardous material, and must be
handled with care. A sling will typically read 5-10% high due to user error. Some of the mistakes that can be
made while using a sling are:

1. If the sock on the wet bulb thermometer is not clean, the humidity measured from a sling will err on the
high side.

2. If the water used for the wet bulb thermometer is not distilled water, the humidity measured from a sling
will err on the high side.

3. If the sling is not swung around long enough, the humidity measured from a sling will err on the high
side.

4. If the thermometer measurements are not read quickly enough after swinging the sling, the humidity
measured from a sling will err on the high side.

5. If the charts used to interpret the results are not for the same altitude where the readings were taken, the
humidity will be incorrect. Additionally, the charts are only available in 100 increments, and it is often
difficult to determine the exact altitude of the user.

Sling psychrometers are the standard for accurately measuring ambient temperature and humidity. Every
meteorologist should know how to use one correctly.

1. Inspect the cotton wick on the sling psychrometer and make sure that it is in good condition and firmly in
contact with the thermometer bulb. A psychrometer with a yellowed or frayed wick will not give an accurate
reading, and the wick should be replaced. Do not touch the wick with your fingers, because contaminants
will affect the accuracy.Also, check for a separated mercury column.
2. Thoroughly saturate the wick with distilled water. If the water beads up and does not easily soak in, the
wick should be replaced.

3. Face into the wind (if any) and begin swinging the psychrometer at a steady, comfortable pace (about 2
turns per second is good). Be extremely careful that you don't strike the psychrometer on a nearby table,
railing, or other obstruction! Also, keep it far enough from your body that you don't pick up your own body
heat.
4. After about 1 minute, stop and check the wet-bulb temperature, quickly reading it to the nearest 1/10
degree (if you stop too long, the temperature will start to change). Then continue swinging the
psychrometer for another minute or so. Check the wet-bulb temperature again and see whether it has
changed from your previous reading. If it has, continue swinging for another minute and check again.
Repeat as necessary. Your goal is to get the lowest possible reading out of the wet bulb thermometer
(assuming that it started out near the dry air temperature). Important note: make sure that the wick does not
become too dry. If it does, you will need to add another drop or two of distilled water and start over.

5. Carefully but quickly read and record the nal wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures to the nearest 0.1
degree, interpolating between tick marks as necessary.

6. Use whatever method is available (psychrometric computer, Skew-T diagram, or table) to compute the
dewpoint and relative humidity. Important Tips: Most beginners do not take accurate psychrometer readings
because of the following common mistakes: (1) not ventilating the psychrometer long enough to reach
equilibrium; (2) not getting the wick wet enough, or letting it dry out; (3) holding it too close to the body or
taking too long to read the thermometers; (4) touching the bulb ends with the hands while reading; (5) not
facing into the breeze. Every one of these mistakes usually leads to a wet-bulb temperature reading that is
too warm.

The Sling Psychrometer

The Psychrometric Chart (Metric Units)
The Psychrometric Chart in English Units
4. Materials and Equipment:

Sling Psychrometer
Psychrometric Chart
Stop watch

5. Procedure:

1. Check the sling psychrometer to ensure that thermometers are properly secured.

2. Wet the wick of the wet bulb thermometer until it is saturated.

3. The instructor should designate the locations (inside the campus) where measurements of wet
bulb and dry bulb temperature are to be performed.

4. To get the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, whirl the sling psychrometer for about 2
minutes within the designated locations. Be sure the sling psychrometer will not hit anybody
while it is being whirled. Repeat this procedure for at least three different areas in the
designated locations.\

5. Repeat procedure 4 in all the designated locations.

6. Use the psychrometric chart to get the other properties of air required by this experiment.

6. Data and Results:

Place: ______________________

Date: ______________________

Time: _____________________
 Location Trials Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Relative Specific % Saturation
Temp Temp Humidity Humidity

Note: Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, and % saturation can be taken from the psychrometric chart.
7. Computation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data:
8. Conclusion and Recommendation:
9. Assessment Rubric:
T I P - V PAA 0 5 4 D
Revision Status/Date:0/2009 September 09

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY PERFORMANCE

CRITERIA BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCORE

1 2 3
Laboratory Skills
Manipulative Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Skills demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
skills. skills. skills.
Experimental Members are unable to Members are able to set- Members are able to set-
Set-up set-up the materials. up the materials with up the material with
supervision. minimum supervision.
Process Skills Members do not Members occasionally Members always
demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.

Safety Members do not follow Members follow safety Members follow safety
Precautions safety precautions. precautions most of the precautions at all times.
time.
Work Habits
Time Members do not finish on Members finish on time Members finish ahead of
Management/ time with incomplete data. with incomplete data. time with complete data
Conduct of and time to revise data.
Experiment
Cooperative Members do not know Members have defined Members are on tasks
and Teamwork their tasks and have no responsibilities most of and have responsibilities
defined responsibilities. the time. Group conflicts at all times. Group
Group conflicts have to be are cooperatively conflicts are
settled by the teacher. managed most of the cooperatively managed
time. at all times.
Neatness and Messy workplace during Clean and orderly Clean and orderly
Orderliness and after the experiment. workplace with workplace at all times
occasional mess during during and after the
and after the experiment. experiment.
Ability to do Members require Members require Members do not need to
independent supervision by the occasional supervision by be supervised by the
work teacher. the teacher. teacher.
Other Comments/Observations:
TOTAL SCORE

RATING=

x 100%