2001 1 ( 81 )

: ,
, ,
, , ,

: ;
;
;
-
Abstract :This paper starts from defining the construct to be measured in the CET tests , predicted by the necessity of ensuring
the reliability and validity of a test .Since the test results are usually reported in the form of test scores , they must be inter-
pretable , which involves the use of a certain scoring system .In large-scale standardized tests , the test scores , before release ,
have to undergo a series of transformation processes , including score weighting , score equating , and score normalization , etc .
,
in order to provide as much feedback information as possible to the end users of the test .
The authors then explain in detail how
the CET test scores are interpreted and used .
Key words:score interpretability ;scoring systems ;the CET tests ;criterion-related norm-referenced tests
:H310.
42 :C :1004-5112(2001)01-0062-07

1 . ,
1.
1 ,
Bachman
:

, (language competence), ,
(meta-cognitive strategies )

(Bachman 1996
67) :

(the construct to be measured), ,

? : (organizational
,
knowledge)
, ,
,
(operationalization) ,
, :

( , 199669)Bachman :


62
 Foreign Language World No .
1 2001 (General Serial No .
81)

, ,

( ,
199670) , ,
Bachman
90 , 90 ,
1987 ,
,
, ,

,
, ,
,
,
, 199739 -43) 1 A
(
( , ;
) , B
a A ,
, b B
, , b
, , A
( , Weir 199860)

,

, ;

,

,
, , ( 1
? F)
( ,
)(CET-SET),
, 2 .
( , ),
, ,
,
1.
2
, ,
, , :
1) ;
2)
63
 2001 1 ( 81 )

;
3) ;
4)
;
5) :
1) ,
,
, ,
,
, (high-stake
tests) , ,
, IRT( ) ,

,
,
() , ,
, ,
, ,
, IRT
, ,
,
, ;
, 2 2) , ,

(

),
,
(range-finders)

,
,

,
;

3)

,

3 .

:
64
 Foreign Language World No .
1 2001 (General Serial No .
81)

1)(normal score scale) , ,

, TOEFL ,
500 , 70 ( 3
, ) 500 ,
, 84 50 % ;
570 ,
, 84 .
1 % ;
,
TOEFL 550 ,
,
20 %
, ,

,
,
,

(norm-
referenced tests)
3

Band 9 Expert User .

Has fully operational command of the language :appropriate , accurate and fluent with complete un-
derstanding .
Band 8Very Good User .Has fully operational command of the language with only occasional unsystematic inaccuracies
and inappropriacies.Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar situations .Handles complex detailed argumenta-
tion well.
Band 7Good User .Has operational command of the language , though with occasional inaccuracies , inappropriacies and
misunderstandings in some situations.Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reason-
ing .
Band 6Competent User .Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies, inappropriacies and
misunderstandings.Can use and understand fairly complex language , particularly in familiar situations.
Band 5Modest User .Has a partial command of the language , coping with overall meaning in most situations, though is
likely to make many mistakes .Should be able to handle basic communication in own field.
Band 4Limited User .Basic competence is limited to familiar situations .Has frequent problems in understanding and ex-
pression.Is not able to use complex language .
Band 3 Extremely Limited User .Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situations.Frequent
breakdowns in communication occur .
Band 2Intermittent User .No real communication is possible except for the most basic information using isolated words or
short formulae in familiar situations and to meet immediate needs.Has great difficulty understanding spoken and
written English .
Band 1Non User .Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few isolated words.
Band 0Did not attempt the test .No assessable information.
1

65
 2001 1 ( 81 )

2)(graded score scale) ,

, ,
, ()()
,
1 , ,
IELTS ,

,
;
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
(crite-
rion-referenced tests) ,
4 .
, ,
,
(criterion-related norm-referenced
test),


, ,
,
;
,


,

,
, ,
,
,
5 .
, ,
,
, 72 , 12 ;

, , 60 ,
85
(CET-4)
66
 Foreign Language World No .
1 2001 (General Serial No .
81)

:
1) , 1999
;
2) , 2
,
CET-4 CET-6
(
60 16%
62 20%
) , 4 66 30%
69 40%
72 50%
75 60% 60
65% 64
78 70% 68
78% 72
82 80%
85 86% 76
87 90% 80
93 96% 85
99 99% 90
100 100% 100

4
, :
1 : 85 ,
86 %
2 : 85 ,
, 96 %
, 3 : ,

, 10 % , 87 ;

, 10 % ,
5 80

,



,
,
,
5
,
500 70 ,
,
, , 3
67
 2001 1 ( 81 )

CET-4
( ) ( .
..)
410 10 % ,
441 20 % 80 85
453 30 %

482 40 %
500 50 %
518 60 % 5
537 70 %
559 80 % ,
590 90 % A

700 100 %
3 ,
B
,

,

C

D
, , ,
4
5


, , , ,
A
,
,
,
, ,
B
,

,
C
, , [ 1] Bachman L F & Palun A S .Language Testing In
Practice [ M] .Oxford University Press, 1996 .

D [ 2] .
[ M] .
, 1997 .
[ 3] , Weir C .
4
[ M] .
, 1998 .

19 , : , 200030

68