CELL STRUCTURE LOCATION DESCRIPTIO FUNCTION

N
Cell Wall

Outer layer
Support (grow tall)
Plant, Fungi, &
Rigid & strong
Bacteria,but not Protection
animal cells Made of
allows H2O, O2, CO2 to
cellulose
diffuse in & out of cell

Plant - inside
cell wall Support
Cell Membrane
Animal - outer Protection
layer;
cholesterol Controls movement of
All cells materials in/out of cell
Double layer of
phospholipids Barrier between cell and
with proteins its environment

Selectively Maintains homeostasis

permeable

Nucleus Large, oval

Controls cell activities
May contain 1
All cells except
or more
prokaryotes Contains the hereditary
nucleoli
material of the cell
Holds DNA
 Surrounds
nucleus
All cells except Controls movement of
Double
prokaryotes materials in/out of
membrane
nucleus
Nuclear membrane Selectively
permeable

Clear, thick,
jellylike
material
(cytosol)

Organelles Supports and protects cell

All cells
found inside organelles
cell membrane

Contains the
Cytoplasm cytoskeleton
fibers

Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) Network of
tubes or
membranes

Smooth w/o
ribosomes
Carries materials through
All cells except Rough with cell
prokaryotes embedded
Aids in making proteins
ribosomes

Connects to
nuclear
envelope & cell
membrane
 Ribosome
Small bodies
free or attached
to ER
All cells Synthesizes proteins
Made of rRNA
& protein

Mitochondrion
Peanut shaped Breaks down sugar
(glucose) molecules to
Double release energy
membrane
Site of aerobic cellular
Outer respiration
All cells except
membrane
prokaryotes
smooth

Inner
membrane
folded into
cristae

Vacuole
Plant
cells have a
Fluid-filled sacs Store food, water,
single, large
metabolic & toxic wastes
vacuole
Largest
organelle in Store large amounts of
Animal
plant cells food or sugars in plants
cells have small
vacuoles

Lysosome
Breaks down larger food
Plant - Small and
molecules into smaller
uncommon round with a
molecules
Animal - single
common membrane
Digests old cell parts
 Green, oval
containing
chlorophyll
(green pigment)

Double
membrane with
Chloroplast inner Uses energy from sun to
membrane make food (glucose) for
modified into the plant
sacs called
Plants and algae
thylakoids Process called
photosynthesis
Stacks of
thylakoids Release oxygen
called grana &
interconnected

Gel like
innermost
substance
called stroma

nucleolus
Found inside
the cell's
nucleus

All cells except May have more

Make ribosomes
prokaryotes than one

Disappear
during cell
division

Golgi Apparatus All cells except Stacks of Have a chis & trans face
prokaryotes flattened sacs
Modify proteins made by
the cells

Package & export

proteins
 Cilia
Have a 9-2
arrangement of
microtubules
Movement
Animal cells,
Protozoans Short, but
numerous

Flagellum
Have a 9-2
arrangement of
Bacterial cells & microtubules
Movement
Protozoans
Long, but few
in number

Centrioles
Paired
structures near
the nucleus
Separate chromosome
Animal cells
Made of a pairs during mitosis
cylinder of
microtubule
pairs

Cytoskeleton
All cells Made of Strengthen cell &
microtubules 7 maintains the shape
microfilaments
Moves organelles within
the cell