Resueltos Tension

CHAPTER 3 - TENSION MEMBERS
3.2-1
For yielding of the gross section,
A g 73/8 2. 625 in. 2 , P n F y A g 362. 625 94. 5 kips
For fracture of the net section,
A e 3/8 7 1 1 2. 203 in. 2

8
P n F u A e 582. 203 127. 8 kips
a) The design strength based on yielding is
t P n 0. 9094. 5 85. 05 kips
The design strength based on fracture is
t P n 0. 75127. 8 95. 85 kips
The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: t P n 85. 1 kips
b) The allowable strength based on yielding is
P n 94. 5 56. 59 kips

t 1. 67
The allowable strength based on fracture is
P n 127. 8 63. 9 kips

t 2. 00
The allowable service load is the smaller value: P n / t 56. 6 kips
Alternate solution using allowable stress: For yielding,
F t 0. 6F y 0. 636 21. 6 ksi
and the allowable load is F t A g 21. 62. 625 56. 7 kips
[3-1]
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For fracture,
F t 0. 5F u 0. 558 29. 0 ksi
and the allowable load is F t A e 29. 02. 203 63. 89 63. 89 kips
The allowable service load is the smaller value 56. 7 kips
3.2-2
For A242 steel and t in., F y 50 ksi and F u 70 ksi. For yielding of the gross
section,
A g 81/2 4 in. 2
P n F y A g 504 200 kips
A n A g A holes 4 1/2 1 1 2 holes 2.875 in. 2

8
A e A n 2. 875 in. 2
P n F u A e 702. 875 201. 3 kips
t P n 0. 90200 180 kips
t P n 0. 75201. 3 151 kips
The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: t P n 151 kips
P n 200 120 kips

t 1. 67
[3-2]
P n 201. 3 101 kips
t 2. 00
The allowable service load is the smaller value: P n / t 101 kips
F t 0. 6F y 0. 650 30 ksi
and the allowable load is
F t A g 304 120 kips
For fracture,
F t 0. 5F u 0. 570 35 ksi
F t A e 352. 875 101 kips
The allowable service load is the smaller value 101 kips
3.2-3
Gross section: P n F y A g 508. 81 440. 5 kips
Net section: Hole diameter 1 1

8
1 18 in.
A n A g 2t f d h 8. 81 20. 5011. 125 7. 683 in. 2
A e 0. 9A n 0. 97. 683 6. 915 in. 2
P n F u A e 656. 915 449. 5 kips
a. Gross: t P n 0. 90440. 5 396 kips
Net: t P n 0. 75449. 5 337 kips
Net section controls: t P n 337 kips
b. Gross: P n 440. 5 264 kips

t 1. 67
[3-3]
Net: P n 449. 5 225 kips
t 2. 00
Net section controls: P n / t 225 kips
3.2-4
A g 63/8 2. 25 in. 2
P n F y A g 362. 25 81. 0 kips
A e A g 2. 25 in. 2
P n F u A e 582. 25 130. 5 kips
t P n 0. 9081. 0 72. 9 kips
t P n 0. 75130. 5 97. 88 kips
The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: t P n 72. 9 kips
P n 81. 0 48. 5 kips

t 1. 67
P n 130. 5 65. 25 kips

t 2. 00
The allowable service load is the smaller value: P n / t 48. 5 kips
F t 0. 6F y 0. 636 21. 6 ksi
[3-4]
F t A g 21. 62. 25 48. 6 kips
For fracture,
F t 0. 5F u 0. 558 29. 0 ksi
F t A e 29. 02. 25 65. 25 kips
The allowable service load is the smaller value 48. 6 kips
3.2-5
Gross section:
A g 81/2 4. 0 in. 2 , P n F y A g 364. 0 144. 0 kips
Net section: Hole diameter 1 18 1

8
1 14 in.
A e A n w n t 8 1. 251/2 3. 375 in. 2
P n F u A e 583. 375 195. 8 kips
a. Gross: t P n 0. 90144. 0 130 kips
Net: t P n 0. 75195. 8 147 kips
Gross section controls; t P n 130 kips
Factored load:
P u 1. 495 133 kips or
P u 1. 295 1. 69 128 kips (133 kips controls)
Since 133 kips 130 kips, member does not have enough strength.
b. Gross: P n 144. 0 86. 2 kips

t 1. 67
[3-5]
Net: P n 195. 8 97. 9 kips
t 2. 00
Gross section controls; P n / t 86. 2 kips
Load:
P a D L 95 9 104 kips
Since 104 kips 86.2 kips, member does not have enough strength.
3.2-6
Compute the strength for one angle, then double it. For the gross section,
P n F y A g 361. 20 43. 2 kips
For two angles, P n 243. 2 86. 4 kips
Net section:
A n 1. 20 1 3 1 0. 981 3 in. 2
4 4 8
A e 0. 85A n 0. 850. 9813 0. 834 1 in. 2
P n F u A e 580. 8341 48. 38 kips
For two angles, P n 248. 38 96. 76 kips
t P n 0. 9086. 4 77. 76 kips
t P n 0. 7596. 76 72. 57 kips
The design strength is the smaller value: t P n 72. 6 kips
P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 212 1. 636 72. 0 kips 72.6 kips (OK)
The member has enough strength.
[3-6]
b) For the gross section, The allowable strength is
P n 86. 4 51. 74 kips

t 1. 67
Alternately, the allowable stress is
F t 0. 6F y 0. 636 21. 6 ksi
and the allowable strength is F t A g 21. 62 1. 20 51. 84 kips
For the net section, the allowable strength is
P n 96. 76 48. 38 kips

t 2. 00
F t 0. 5F u 0. 558 29 ksi
and the allowable strength is F t A e 292 0. 834 1 48. 38 kips
The net setion strength controls; the allowable strength is 48. 4 kips. When the only
loads are dead load and live load, ASD load combination 2 will always control:
P a D L 12 36 48 kips 48.4 kips (OK)
The member has enough strength.
3.2-7
Gross section:
A g 3. 37 in. 2 , P n F y A g 503. 37 168. 5 kips
Net section: Hole diameter 7

8
1
8
1 in.
A n 3. 37 0. 2221. 0 2. 93 in. 2
A e 0. 85A n 0. 852. 93 2. 491 in. 2
P n F u A e 652. 491 161. 9 kips
[3-7]
a. Gross: t P n 0. 90168. 5 151. 7 kips
Net: t P n 0. 75161. 9 121. 4 kips
Net section controls; t P n 121. 4 kips
Let P u t P n :
1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 2D 1. 63D 121. 4 kips
D 20. 23 kips, P D L 20. 23 320. 23 80. 9 kips
P 80. 9 kips
b. Gross: P n 168. 5 100. 9 kips

t 1. 67
Net: P n 161. 9 80. 95 kips

t 2. 00
Gross section controls; P n / t 80. 95 kips
Let P a P n :
t
D L D 3D 80. 95 kips
D 20. 24 kips, P D L 20. 24 320. 24 81. 0 kips
P 81. 0 kips
3.3-1
(a) U 1 x 1 1. 47 0. 706 0
5
A e A g U 5. 900. 7060 4. 165

in. 2
A e 4. 17 in. 2
(b) Plate with longitudinal welds only:
5
w 4 1. 25, U 0. 75 in. 2
[3-8]
Ae AgU 3 4 0. 75 1. 125 in. 2 A e 1. 13 in. 2
8
(c) U 1. 0
Ae AgU 5 5 1. 0 3. 13 in. 2 A e 3. 13 in. 2

8
(d) U 1. 0
A g 0. 55. 5 2. 750 in. 2
A n A g A holes 2. 750 1 3 1 2. 313 in. 2

2 4 8
A e A n U 2. 3131. 0 2. 313 in. 2 A e 2. 31 in. 2
(e) U 1. 0
A g 5 6 3. 750 in. 2
8
A n A g A holes 3. 750 5 7 1 3. 125 in. 2

8 8 8
A e A n U 3. 1251. 0 3. 125in. 2
A e 3. 13 in. 2
3.3-2
Gross section:
Ag 8 1 4. 0 in. 2 , P n F y A g 364. 0 144. 0 kips

2
Net section:
12
w 8 1. 5 U 0. 87
A e A g U 4. 00. 87 3. 48 in. 2
P n F u A e 583. 48 201. 8 kips
(a) Yielding: t P n 0. 90144. 0 129. 6 kips
[3-9]
Rupture: t P n 0. 75201. 8 151. 4 kips
Yielding controls: t P n 130 kips
(b) Yielding: P n 144. 0 86. 23 kips

t 1. 67
Rupture: P n 201. 8 100. 9 kips

t 2. 00
Yielding controls: P n / t 86. 2 kips
3.3-3
A n A g td h 3. 88 4 1 7 1 2. 88 in. 2
4 8 8
U 1 x 1 0. 648 0. 784
3
A e A g U 2. 880. 784 2. 258 in. 2
P n F u A e 702. 258 158. 1 kips P n 158 kips
3.3-4
Gross section:
A g 61/4 1. 5 in. 2 , P n F y A g 0361. 5 54. 0 kips
Net section:
A e A g 1. 5 in. 2 , P n F u A e 581. 5 87. 0 kips
(a) Yielding: t P n 0. 9054. 0 48. 6 kips
Rupture: t P n 0. 7587. 0 65. 25 kips
Yielding controls: t P n 48. 6 kips
(b) Yielding: P n 54. 0 32. 34 kips

t 1. 67
[3-10]
Rupture: P n 87. 0 43. 5 kips
t 2. 00
Yielding controls: P n / t 32. 3 kips
3.3-5

8
1
8
1. 0 in.
A n A g 4t f d h 13. 3 40. 5651. 0 11. 04 in. 2
a. From the properties of a WT8 22.5, x 1. 86 in.
U 1 x 1 1. 86 0. 793 3 0. 9
3 3 3
A e A n U 11. 040. 7933 8. 758 in. 2
P n F u A e 658. 758 569 kips P n 569 kips
b. Check with alternative U value.
b f 7. 04 0. 437 2 this shape does not qualify for U 0. 9.

d 16. 1 3
Since there are more than 3 bolts per line, U 0. 85.
A e A n U 11. 040. 85 9. 384 in. 2
3.3-6
Net section:
A n A g t w d h 6. 08 30. 282 7 1 5. 234 in. 2

8 8
U 1 x 1 0. 698 0. 906 9
32. 5
[3-11]
A e A n U 5. 2340. 9069 4. 747 in. 2
P n F u A e 654. 747 308. 6 kips
t P n 0. 90304. 0 273. 6 kips
t P n 0. 75308. 6 231. 5 kips
The design strength is the smaller value: t P n 232 kips
P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 260 1. 6125 272 kips 232 kips (N.G.)
The member is not adequate.
b) For the gross section, The allowable strength is
P n 304. 0 182. 0 kips

t 1. 67
F t 0. 6F y 0. 650 30. 0 ksi
and the allowable strength is F t A g 306. 08 182. 4 kips
For the net section, the allowable strength is P n 308. 6 154. 3 kips
t 2. 00
Alternately, the allowable stress is F t 0. 5F u 0. 565 32. 5 ksi
and the allowable strength is F t A e 32. 54. 747 154. 3 kips
The net setion strength controls; the allowable strength is 154 kips. When the only
loads are dead load and live load, ASD load combination 2 will always control:
P a D L 60 125 185 kips 154 kips (N.G.)
The member is not adequate.
[3-12]
3.3-7
Gross section: A g 2 1. 69 3. 38 in. 2
P n F y A g 363. 38 121. 7 kips
Net section:
U 1 x 1 0. 725 0. 909 4 0. 9 use U 0.9

8
A e A g U 3. 380. 9 3. 042 in. 2
P n F u A e 583. 042 176. 4 kips
(a) Gross: t P n 0. 90121. 7 110 kips
Net: t P n 0. 75176. 4 132 kips Gross section controls:
t P n 110 kips
(b) Gross: P n 121. 7 72. 9 kips

t 1. 67
Net: P n 176. 4 88. 2 kips Gross section controls:

t 2. 00
P n / t 72. 9 kips
3.3-8
For A242 steel, F y 50 ksi and F u 70 ksi (based on flange thickness)
P n F y A g 504. 79 239. 5 kips
A n A g A holes 4. 79 1 3 1 4. 353 in. 2

2 4 8
From AISC Table D3.1, Case 8, U 0.80
[3-13]
A e A n U 4. 3530. 80 3. 482 in. 2
P n F e A e 703. 482 243. 7 kips
t P n 0. 90239. 5 215. 6 kips
t P n 0. 75243. 7 182. 8 kips
The design strength is the smaller value: t P n 182. 8 kips
Let P u t P n
1. 2D 1. 62D 182. 8, Solution is: D 41. 55
P D L 41. 55 241. 55 124. 7 kips P 125 kips
P n 239. 5 143. 4 kips

t 1. 67
P n 243. 7 121. 9 kips

t 2. 00
The allowable load is the smaller value 121. 9 kips P 122 kips
Alternate computation of allowable load using allowable stress: For yielding,
F t 0. 6F y 0. 650 30. 0 ksi
and the allowable load is F t A g 30. 04. 79 143. 7 kips
For fracture, F t 0. 5F u 0. 570 35 ksi
F t A e 353. 482 121. 9 kips P 122 kips
[3-14]
3.4-1
a. Gross section: P n F y A g 365/8 12 270 kips P n 270 kips
b. Net section: Hole diameter 3

4
1
8
7
8
in.
Possibilities for net width:
w n 12 27/8 10. 25 in.
5 2
w n 12 37/8 2 12. 5 in.
44
3 2
wn 12 37/8 2 11 12. 83 in.
44 9
5 2
wn 12 27/8 11 12. 99 in
44 10
3 2 5 2
wn 12 37/8 11 12. 65 in
44 44 10
The effective net area is
A e A n tw n 5/810. 25 6. 406 in. 2
3.4-2
Gross section: P n F y A g 365/8 10 225. 0 kips

8
1
8
1. 0 in.
Possibilities for net width:
w n 10 1. 0 9. 0 in.
3 2
w n 10 31. 0 2 8. 5 in.
43
w n 10 21. 0 7 9. 333 in.

6
[3-15]
w n 10 31. 0 7 12. 25 in
4
A e A n tw n 5/88. 5 5. 313 in. 2
P n F u A e 585. 313 308. 2 kips
a) The design strength based on yielding is t P n 0. 90225. 0 202. 5 kips
The design strength based on fracture is t P n 0. 75308. 2 231. 2 kips
The design strength is the smaller value: t P n 203 kips
P n 225. 0 134. 7 kips

t 1. 67
P n 308. 2 154. 1 kips

t 2. 00
The allowable load is the smaller value : P n 135 kips

t
Alternate computation of allowable load using allowable stress: For yielding,
F t 0. 6F y 0. 636 21. 6 ksi
F t A g 21. 610 5/8 135. 0 kips
For fracture,
F t 0. 5F u 0. 558 29. 0 ksi
F t A e 29. 05. 313 154. 1 kips P 135 kips
[3-16]
3.4-3

4
1
8
7
8
in.
A n 7. 02 27/80. 400 6. 320 in. 2
or 7. 02 37/80. 400 7 8. 358 in 2

5
2. 5 2
or 7. 02 0. 47/8 0. 400 7 2 6. 47 in. 2
8 42. 5
or 7. 02 20. 47/8 0. 400 7 2. 5 2 7 7. 256 in. 2

8 42. 5 6
Use A n 6. 320 in. 2
U 1 x 1 0. 981 0. 821 6
5. 5
A e A n U 6. 3200. 8216 5. 193 in. 2
P n F u A e 655. 193 337. 6 kips
a. Gross: t P n 0. 90351. 0 316 kips
Net: t P n 0. 75337. 6 253 kips
Net section controls: t P n 253 kips
b. Gross: P n 351. 0 210 kips

t 1. 67
Net: P n 337. 6 169 kips Net section controls:

t 2. 00
P n / t 169 kips
[3-17]
3.4-4
(a) Gross section: P n F y A g 5011. 8 590 kips
(b) Net section: Hole diameter 3

4
1
8
7
8
in.
A n 11. 8 0. 3057/82 11. 27 in. 2
3 2
or 11. 8 0. 3057/8 0. 305 7
8 43
3 2
0. 3057/8 0. 305 7 11. 19 in. 2
8 43
Use A n 11. 19 in. 2
x t PL t w 3 0. 305 0. 527 5 in.

2 8 2
U 1 x 1 0. 5275 0. 918 8
3. 5 3
A e A n U 11. 190. 9188 10. 28 in. 2
3.4-5

4
1
8
7
8
in.
A n 2. 89 27/85/16 2. 343 in. 2
or use s 1. 5 in., g 2. 25 2 5 3. 938 in. and

16
1. 5 2
A n 2. 89 5/167/8 5/16 7 5/167/8
8 43. 938
2. 114 in. 2 (controls)
[3-18]
A e A n 2. 114 in. 2
P n F u A e 582. 114 122. 6 kips
a. Gross: t P n 0. 90104. 0 93. 6 kips
Net: t P n 0. 75122. 6 92. 0 kips
Net section controls; t P n 92. 0 kips
Factored load:
P u 1. 231 1. 631 86. 8 kips
Since 86.8 kips 92.0 kips, member is adequate.
b. Gross: P n 104. 0 62. 3 kips

t 1. 67
Net: P n 122. 6 61. 3 kips

t 2. 00
Net section controls; P n / t 61. 3 kips
Load:
P a D L 31 31 62 kips
Since 62 kips 61.3 kips, member is not adequate.
3.4-6
Compute the strength of one channel and double it.
Gross section:
P n F y A g 505. 87 293. 5 kips for one channel.

2
1
8
5
8
in.
A n 5. 87 0. 3795/8 5. 633 in. 2
[3-19]
4 2
or 5. 87 0. 3795/8 0. 379 5 5. 699 in. 2
8 45
Use A n 5. 633 in. 2
U 1 x 1 0. 606 0. 962 1
4 4
A e A n U 5. 6330. 9621 5. 420 in. 2
P n F u A e 655. 420 352. 3 kips for one channel
(a) Gross: t P n 0. 90293. 5 264. 2 kips
Net: t P n 0. 75352. 3 264. 2 kips
For two channels, t P n 264. 22 528. 4 kips
Let P u t P n :
1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 2D 1. 63D 528. 4 kips
D 88. 07 kips, P D L 88. 07 388. 07 352. 3 kips
P 352 kips
(b) Gross: P n 293. 5 175. 7 kips

t 1. 67
Net: P n 352. 3 176. 2 kips

t 2. 00
Gross section controls. For two channels, P n / t 175. 72 351. 4 kips
Let P a P n :
t
D L D 3D 351. 4 kips
P 351 kips
[3-20]
3.5-1
the shear areas are
A gv 3/87. 5 2 5. 625 in. 2
and, since there are 2.5 hole diameters in each line of bolts,
A nv 3/87. 5 2. 53/4 1/8 2 3. 984 in. 2
The tension area is
A nt 3/82. 5 17/8 0. 609 4 in. 2
F y 50 ksi, F u 70 ksi
R n 0. 6F u A nv U bs F u A nt 0. 6703. 984 1. 0700. 6094 210 kips
Check upper limit:
0. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 6505. 625 1. 0700. 6094
211 kips 210 kips
R n 210 kips
3.5-2
The shear areas are A gv 5 72 8. 75 in. 2 A nv

8
The tension area is A nt A gt 5 6 3. 75 in. 2

8
Check upper limit:
0. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 6368. 75 1. 0583. 75 407 kips 522 kips
R n 407 kips
[3-21]
3.5-3
the shear areas are
A gv 0. 25013. 5 3. 375 in. 2
and, since there are 4.5 hole diameters,
A nv 0. 25013. 5 4. 57/8 1/8 2. 25 in. 2
The tension areas are
A gt 0. 257. 85 4. 5 0. 837 5 in. 2
A nt 0. 257. 85 4. 5 0. 51. 0 0. 712 5 in. 2
Check upper limit:
0. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 6503. 375 1. 0650. 7125
148 kips 134 kips
R n 134 kips
3.5-4
The shear areas are A gv 1 7. 52 7. 5 in. 2 A nv

2
The tension area is A nt A gt 1 6 3. 0 in. 2

2
R n 0. 6F u A nv U bs F u A nt 0. 6587. 5 1. 0583. 0 435. 0 kips
Check upper limit:
[3-22]
0. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 6367. 5 1. 0583. 0 336. 0 kips 435 kips
R n 336 kips
(a) LRFD: R n 0. 75336 252 kips
(b) ASD: R n / 336/2. 0 168 kips
3.5-5
(a)
3" 3" 1"
3"
The shear areas are
A gv 0. 2107. 52 3. 15 in. 2
and since there are 2.5 hole diameters,
A nv 0. 2107. 5 2. 57/82 2. 231 in. 2
A gt 0. 2103 0. 63 in. 2 , A nt 0. 2103 1. 07/8 0. 446 3 in. 2
[3-23]
Check upper limit:
0. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 6363. 15 1. 0580. 4463
93. 92 kips 103.5 kips
LRFD: R n 0. 7593. 92 70. 4 kips
ASD: R n / 93. 92/2. 00 47. 0 kips
(b)
1" 3" 3"
3"
The spacings and edge distance are the same as in Part a, but the thickness is different.
The shear areas are
A gv 3/87. 52 5. 625 in. 2
A nv 3/87. 5 2. 57/82 3. 984 in. 2
A gt 3/83 1. 125 in. 2 , A nt 3/83 1. 07/8 0. 796 9 in. 2
[3-24]
Check upper limit:
0. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 6365. 625 1. 0580. 7969
167. 7 kips 184.9 kips
LRFD: R n 0. 75167. 7 126 kips
ASD: R n / 167. 7/2. 00 83. 8 kips
3.5-6
Find the strength of one channel and double it. A g 5. 51 in. 2 , t w 0. 487 in.
Gross section:
t P n 0. 9F y A g 0. 9505. 51 248. 0 kips; 248. 0 2 496 kips

8
1
8
1 in.
A n 5. 51 21. 00. 487 4. 536 in. 2
U 1 x 1 0. 565 0. 905 8
6
A e A n U 4. 5360. 9058 4. 109 in. 2
t P n 0. 75F u A e 0. 75654. 109 200. 3 kips; 200. 3 2 401 kips
Check block shear. The gusset plate controls; its thickness is 3/8 in., whereas the
channels have a total thickness of 20. 487 0. 974 inch. Also, the gusset plate is of a
lower strength steel, and its shear length is larger.
The shear areas are
A gv 3/892 6. 75 in. 2
A nv 3/89 2. 51. 02 4. 875 in. 2
[3-25]
The tension area is
A nt 3/84 1. 0 1. 125 in. 2
R n 0. 750. 6F u A nv U bs F u A nt 0. 750. 6584. 875 1. 0581. 125
176 kips
Check upper limit:
0. 750. 6F y A gv U bs F u A nt 0. 750. 6366. 75 1. 0581. 125
158 kips 176 kips
The upper limit controls; R n 158 kips
Block shear controls. R n 158 kips
3.6-1
(a) P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 250 1. 6100 220. 0 kips
or P u 1. 2D 1. 0W 0. 5L 1. 250 1. 045 0. 5100 155. 0 kips
Use P u 220 kips.
Required A g P u 220 6. 79 in. 2

0. 9F y 0. 936
Required A e Pu 220 5. 06 in. 2

0. 75F u 0. 7558
Required r min L 20 12 0. 80 in.

300 300
Try L8 6 9/16
A g 7. 61 in. 2 6. 79 in. 2 (OK) r min r z 1. 30 in. 0.80 in. (OK)
A n 7. 61 21. 1259/16 6. 344 in. 2
From Case 8 in AISC Table D3.1, use U 0. 80
[3-26]
A e A n U 6. 3440. 80 5. 075 in. 2 5. 06 in. 2 (OK) Use L8 6 169
(b) P a D L 50 100 150 kips
or D 0. 75L 0. 750. 6W 50 0. 75100 0. 750. 645 145. 3 kips
Use P a 150 kips
Required A g P a P a 150 6. 94 in. 2

Ft 0. 6F y 0. 636
Required A e P a 150 5. 17 in. 2

0. 5F u 0. 558
Required r min L 2012 0. 8 in.

300 300
Try L8 8 1/2
A g 7. 84 in. 2 6. 94 in. 2 (OK)
r min r z 1. 59 in. 0.8 in. (OK)
A n 7. 84 21. 1251/2 6. 715 in. 2
A e A n U 6. 7150. 80 5. 37 in. 2 5. 17 in. 2 (OK)
Use an L8 8
3.6-2
(a) P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 220 1. 660 120. 0 kips
Required A g P u 120 3. 70 in. 2

0. 9F y 0. 936
Required A e Pu 120 2. 76 in. 2

0. 75F u 0. 7558

300 300
Try 2L5 3 12 14 , long legs back-to-back:
[3-27]
A g 2. 07 2 4. 14 in. 2 3. 70 in. 2 (OK)
r x 0. 853 in., r y 1. 43 in., r min 0. 853 in. 0.6 in. (OK)
A n 4. 14 1. 01/4 3. 89 in. 2
From Case 8 in AISC Table D3.1, use U 0. 80.
A e A n U 3. 890. 80 3. 11 in. 2 2. 76 in. 2 (OK)
2L5 3 12 14 LLBB
(b) P a D L 20 60 80 kips
Ft 0. 6F y 0. 636
Required A e Pa 80 2. 76 in. 2
0. 5F u 0. 558

300 300
Try 2L5 3 12 14 , long legs back-to-back:
A g 2. 07 2 4. 14 in. 2 3. 70 in. 2 (OK)
A n 4. 14 1. 01/4 3. 89 in. 2
From Case 8 in AISC Table D3.1, use U 0. 80.
A e A n U 3. 890. 80 3. 11 in. 2 2. 76 in. 2 (OK)
2L5 3 12 14 LLBB
3.6-3
(a) P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 0. 5S 1. 238 1. 6115 0. 575 267. 1 kips
Required A g P u 267. 1 5. 94 in. 2

0. 9F y 0. 950
[3-28]
Required A e Pu 267. 1 5. 48 in. 2
0. 75F u 0. 7565

300 300
Try ST10 33
A g 9. 70 in. 2 5. 94 in. 2 (OK) r min 1. 19 in. 0.80 in. (OK)
A n 9. 70 27/80. 795 8. 299 in. 2
Use Case 7 of AISC Table D3.1 to determine U.
b f 6. 26 2/3d 2/320. 0 13. 33 (d is for an S20 66)
Use U 0. 85
A e A n U 8. 2990. 85 7. 05 in. 2 5. 48 in. 2 (OK)
Check an ST9 27.35.
A n 8. 02 27/80. 691 6. 811 in. 2
b f 6. 00 2/3d 2/318 (d is for an S18 54.7)
Use U 0. 85
A e A n U 6. 8110. 85 5. 79 in. 2 5. 48 in. 2 (OK) Use an ST9 27.35
(b) P a D L 38 115 153 kips
or D 0. 75L 0. 75S 38 0. 75115 0. 7575 180. 5 kips
Use P a 180. 5 kips
Required A g P a P a 180. 5 6. 02 in. 2

Ft 0. 6F y 0. 650
Required A e P a 180. 5 5. 55 in. 2

0. 5F u 0. 565
[3-29]
300 300
Try an ST9 27.35.
A n 8. 02 27/80. 691 6. 811 in. 2
b f 6. 00 2/3d 2/318 (d is for an S18 54.7)
Use U 0. 85
A e A n U 6. 8110. 85 5. 79 in. 2 5. 55 in. 2 (OK) Use an ST9 27.35
3.6-4
(a) D 216 8. 64 8 load combination 1 controls.

L 25
P u 1. 4D 1. 4216 302. 4 kips

0. 9F y 0. 936

0. 75F u 0. 7558

300 300
Try S12 40.8
A n 11. 9 210. 462 10. 98 in. 2
Use U 0. 70 (Case 7, AISC Table D3.1)
A e A n U 10. 980. 70 7. 69 in. 2 6. 95 in. 2 (OK) Use S12 40.8
[3-30]
(b) P a D L 216 25 241. 0 kips

Ft 0. 6F y 0. 636
Required A e P a 241 8. 31 in. 2

0. 5F u 0. 558

300 300
Try S15 50
A n 14. 6 210. 550 13. 5 in. 2
Use U 0. 70 (Case 7, AISC Table D3.1)
A e A n U 13. 50. 70 9. 45 in. 2 8. 31 in. 2 (OK) Use S15 50
3.6-5
(a) P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 210 1. 625 52. 0 kips

0. 9F y 0. 935

0. 75F u 0. 7560

300 300
Try Pipe 3 Std.
A e A g 2. 07 in. 2 1. 16 in. 2 (OK) Use Pipe 3 Std.
(b) P a D L 10 25 35 kips
Ft 0. 6F y 0. 635
[3-31]
Required A e Pa 35 1. 17 in. 2
0. 5F u 0. 560

300 300
Try Pipe 3 Std.
A e A g 2. 07 in. 2 1. 17 in. 2 (OK) Use Pipe 3 Std.
3.6-6
P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 254 1. 680 192. 8 kips
or P u 1. 2D 1. 0W 0. 5L 1. 254 1. 075 0. 580 179. 8 kips
Use P u 192. 8 kips
Required A g Pu 192. 8 4. 28 in. 2

0. 90F y 0. 9050

0. 75F u 0. 7565
Required r min L 17. 5 12 0. 7 in.

300 300
Try C10 20:
A g 5. 87 in. 2 4. 28 in. 2 (OK)
r min r y 0. 690 in. 0. 7 in. (say OK)
A e A g U 5. 870. 85 4. 99 in. 2 3. 96 in. 2 (OK)
Compute U with Equation 3.1.
U 1 x 1 0. 606 0. 932 7
9
The next lighter shape that meets slenderness requirements is a C10 15.3 with
A g 4. 48 in. 2 , r min 0. 711 in., and x 0. 634 in.
[3-32]
From Equation 3.1,
U 1 x 1 0. 634 0. 929 6
9
A e A g U 4. 480. 929 6 4. 16 in. 2 3. 96 in. 2 (OK)
Use a C10 15.3
3.7-1
(a) LRFD: Load combination 1 controls: P u 1. 443 60. 2 kips
Required A b Pu 60. 2 1. 845 in. 2

0. 750. 75F u 0. 750. 7558
Let d 1. 845, d 1. 53 in.

2
4
Required d 1. 53 in. Use 1 5 /8 in.
(b) ASD: Load combination 2 controls: P a D L 43 4 47 kips
F t 0. 375F u 0. 37558 21. 75 ksi
Required A b P a 47 2. 161 in. 2

Ft 21. 75
Let d 2. 161, d 1. 66 in.

2
4
Required d 1. 66 in. Use d 1 in.
3.7-2
(a) Dead load beam weight 0.036 kips/ft
w u 1. 2w D 1. 6w L 1. 20. 036 0. 043 2 kips/ft
P u 1. 2P D 1. 6P L 1. 630 48. 0 kips
Because of symmetry, the tension is the same in both rods.
[3-33]
T u 1 0. 043230 48 24. 65 kips
2
Required Area A b Tu 24. 65 0. 755 6 in. 2

0. 750. 75F u 0. 750. 7558
From A b d , required d
2 40. 7556
0. 981 in.
4
Required d 0. 981 in., use d 1 in.
(b) Maximum force in rod occurs when live load is at A or D. The entire live load is
taken by one rod.
0. 043230
Tu 48 48. 65 kips
2
Required A b Tu 48. 65 1. 491 in. 2

0. 750. 75F u 0. 750. 7558
Let d 1. 491 , d 1. 38 in.,

2
Required d 1. 38 in., use d 1 167 in.
4
3.7-3
(a) Dead load beam weight 0.036 kips/ft
Because of symmetry, the tension is the same in both rods.
T a 1 0. 03630 30 15. 54 kips

2
F t 0. 375F u 0. 37558 21. 75 ksi
Required A b T a 15. 54 0. 714 5 in. 2

Ft 21. 75
Let d 0. 7145,
2
d 0. 954 in.
4
Required d 0. 954 in., use d 1 in.
(b) Maximum force in rod occurs when live load is a A or D. Entire live load is taken
by one rod.
[3-34]
0. 03630
Ta 30 30. 54 kips
2
Required A b T a 30. 54 1. 404 in. 2

Ft 21. 75
Let d 1. 404 ,
2
d 1. 34 in.
4
Required d 1. 34 in., use d 1 3 /8 in.
3.7-4
All members are pin-connected, and all loads are applied at the joints; therefore, all
members are two-force members (either tension members or compression members).
Load combination 4 controls.
1. 0W 1. 010 10 kips
Slope of brace 20/35. Angle with horizontal tan 1 20/35 29. 74
Equilibrium at joint C:
F x 10 T u cos 29. 74 0 T u 11. 52 kips
Required A b Tu 11. 52 0. 353 1 in. 2

0. 750. 75F u 0. 750. 7558
Let d 0. 3531,
2
d 0. 670 in.
4
Required d 0. 670 in., use d 11/16 in.
3.7-5
(a) LRFD: P u 1. 2D 1. 6L 1. 630 48. 0 kips
Slope of member AB tan 1 9/15 30. 96. Equilibrium of member CB:
[3-35]
M C 4815 T u sin30. 9615 0 T u 93. 31 kips
Required A b Tu 93. 31 2. 86 in. 2

0. 750. 75F u 0. 750. 7558
Let d 2. 86,
2
d 1. 91 in.
4
Required d 1. 91 in. Use 2 in.
(b) ASD: P a D L 30 kips
Slope of member AB tan 1 9/15 30. 96. Equilibrium of member CB:
M C 3015 T a sin30. 9615 0, T a 58.32 kips
F t 0. 375F u 0. 37558 21. 75 ksi
Required A b T a 58. 32 2. 681 in. 2

Ft 21. 75
Let d 2. 681,
2
d 1. 85 in. Required d 1. 85 in. Use 1 7 / 8 in.
4
3.7-6
From Part 1 of the Manual, pipe weight 28.6 lb/ft
7. 98 2 /4
Water weight 62. 4 21. 67 lb/ft
144
Total 28. 6 21. 67 50. 27 lb/ft
Load at each support 50. 2712 603. 2 lb, Load on rod 603. 2 301. 6 lb
2
[3-36]
T T
Fy 2T 603.2 0
T 301.6 lb
603.2 lb
(a) LRFD
T u 1. 4D 1. 4301. 6 422. 2 lb 0.4222 kips
Required A g Tu 0. 4222 0. 01294 in. 2

t 0. 75F u 0. 750. 7558
Let d 0. 01294,
2 40. 01294
d 0. 128 in.
4
Required d 0. 128 in., Use 5

8
in. minimum
(b) ASD
T a 301. 6 kips
F t 0. 375F u 0. 37558 21. 75 ksi
Required A b T a 0. 3016 1. 387 10 2 in. 2

Ft 21. 75
Let d 0. 01387,
2
d 0. 133 in.
4
Required d 0. 133 in. Use 5 / 8 in.minimum
3.8-1
Interior joint load:
30.15
3
30
[3-37]
Snow: 201015 3000 lb
Roofing: 121030. 15/3015 1809 lb
Purlins: 8. 515 127. 5 lb
Truss weight: 1000/3 333. 3 lb
(The assumption that the truss weight is distributed equally to the joints is approximate
but is consistent with the approximate nature of the estimate of total truss weight.)
(a) Load combination 3 controls:
1. 2D 1. 6S 1. 21. 809 0. 1275 0. 3333 1. 63. 0 7. 524 kips
Exterior joint load. Use half of the above loads except for the purlin weight, which is
the same:
1. 2D 1. 6S 1. 2 1. 809 0. 1275 0. 3333 1. 6 3. 0 3. 838 kips

2 2 2
M A 7. 52410 7. 52420 3. 83830 R Bx 3 0
R Bx 113. 6 kips
Equilibrium of joint B:
F x 113. 6 30.3015 F BC 0 F BC 114. 2 kips
Required A g F BC 114. 2 2. 54 in. 2

0. 9F y 0. 950
Required A e F BC 114. 2 2. 34 in. 2

0. 75F u 0. 7565
L 10 30. 15 10. 05 ft
30

300 300
Try WT5 11
U 1 x 1 1. 07 0. 910 8
12
[3-38]
A e A g U 3. 240. 9027 2. 92 in. 2 2. 34 in. 2 (OK)
Try WT5 9.5
U 1 x 1 1. 28 0. 893 3
12
A e A g U 2. 810. 8933 2. 51 in. 2 2. 34in. 2 (OK)
Try WT4 9
U 1 x 1 0. 834 0. 930 5
12
A e A g U 2. 630. 9305 2. 45 in. 2 2. 34in. 2 (OK) Use WT4 9
(b) Load combination 2 controls:
D S 1. 809 0. 1275 0. 3333 3. 0 5. 270 kips
Exterior joint load: use half of the above loads except for the purlin weight, which is
the same:
D S 1. 809 0. 1275 0. 3333 3. 0 2. 699 kips

2 2 2
For a free-body diagram of the entire truss,
M A 5. 27010 5. 27020 2. 69930 R Bx 3 0
R Bx 79. 69 kips
For a free body of joint B:
F x 79. 69 30.3015 F BC 0, F BC 80. 09 kips
Required A g F BC 80. 09 2. 67 in. 2

0. 6F y 0. 650
Required A e F BC 80. 09 2. 46 in. 2

0. 5F u 0. 565
[3-39]
300 300
Try WT5 9.5
U 1 x 1 1. 28 0. 893 3
12
A e A g U 2. 810. 8933 2. 51 in. 2 2. 46in. 2 (OK) Use WT5 9.5
3.8-2
The diagonal web members are the tension members, and member AL has the largest
force.
Using the method of sections and considering the force in member AL to act at L,
M G 45F AL sin 45 845 36 27 18 9 0
F AL 33. 94 kips
Required A g F AL 33. 94 1. 57 in. 2

0. 6F y 0. 636
Required A e F AL 33. 94 1. 17 in. 2

0. 75F u 0. 558
L 9 2 9 2 12. 73 ft

300 300
Try L3 12 3 1
4
A n A g 1. 58 in. 2
A e A n U 1. 580. 85 1. 34 in. 2 1. 17 in. 2 (OK)
Use L3 12 3 1
4
for member AL
[3-40]
This shape can be used for all of the web tension members. Although each member
could be a different size, this would not usually be practical.
3.8-3
Use load combination 3: 1. 2D 1. 6S.
Tributary surface area per joint 18 9 2 9/6 2 164. 2 ft 2
Roofing: 1. 28164. 2 1576 lb
Snow: 1. 6209 18 5184 lb
Purlin weight: 1. 233 18 713 lb
Truss weight: 1. 25000/12 500 lb
Interior joint: 1576 5184 500 713 7973 lb 7.97 kips
At peak: 1576 5184 500 2713 8686 lb 8.69 kips
Load 8.69 kips at peak, 7.97 kips elsewhere
3.8-4
Dead load per truss 4 12 340. 79 230 58030 5. 85 10 4 lb
Snow load per truss 208030 48, 000 lb
D 58500/8 7313 lb, S 48, 000/8 6000 lb
Load combination 3 controls:
Factored joint load 1. 2D 1. 6S 1. 27. 313 1. 66 18. 38 kips
Bottom chord: Member FE (member adjacent to the support) has the largest tension
force.
[3-41]
Use a free body of joint E (at right support):
R Reaction at right support 718. 38/2 64. 33 kips
F y 64. 33 40.879 F DE 0, F DE 328. 0 kips
F x 328. 0 40.4079 F FE 0, F FE 321. 6 kips
Required A g F FE 321. 6 9. 93 in. 2

0. 9F y 0. 936
Required A e F FE 321. 6 7. 39 in. 2

0. 75F u 0. 7558
Required A e
Required A n 7. 393 9. 24 in. 2
U 0. 80
r min L 1012 0. 4 in.

300 300
(The required A g of 9. 93 in. 2 will satisfy both area requirements)
Try 2L 6 6 7
16
A g A n 10. 2 in. 2 9. 93 in. 2 (OK)
Use 2L 6 6 7
16
for bottom chord
Web members: Design for the maximum tensile force, which occurs in member AH,
and use one shape for all tension web members (the diagonal web members). Using the
method of sections (see figure), consider the force in member AH to act at H.
Length 8 2 10 2 12. 81 ft.
M E 12.881 F AH 30 18. 3810 20 30 0, F AH 58. 86 kips
Required A g F AH 58. 86 1. 82 in. 2

0. 9F y 0. 936
Required A e F AH 58. 86 1. 353 in. 2

0. 75F u 0. 7558
[3-42]
Required A e
Required A n 1. 353 1. 69 in. 2
U 0. 80

300 300
Try 2L 3 2 3
16
A g A n 1. 83 in. 2 1. 82 in. 2 (OK)
Use 2L 3 2 3
16
for web members
3.8-5
Use sag rods at midspan of purlins.
Top Chord length 40 2 8 2 40. 79 ft
Tributary area 40. 7930/2 611. 9 ft 2
Total vertical load 3611. 9 1836 lb
Component parallel to roof 1836 8 360. 1 lb

40. 79
(a) Since the design is for dead load only, use load combination 1:
P u 1. 4D 1. 4360. 1 504. 1 lb
Required A g Pu 0. 5041 0. 01545 in. 2

t 0. 75F u 0. 750. 7558
Let d 0. 01545,
2 40. 01545
d 0. 140 in.
4

8
in. minimum
(b) P a 360. 1 lb
F t 0. 375F u 0. 37558 21. 75 ksi
[3-43]
Required A b P a 0. 3601 0. 01656 in. 2
Ft 21. 75
Let d 0. 01656,
2
d 0. 145 in.
4

8
in. minimum
[3-44]

Resueltos Tension

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Resueltos Tension

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CHAPTER 3 - TENSION MEMBERS

For yielding of the gross section,

A g 73/8 2. 625 in. 2 , P n F y A g 362. 625 94. 5 kips

For fracture of the net section,

A e 3/8 7 1 1 2. 203 in. 2

P n F u A e 582. 203 127. 8 kips

a) The design strength based on yielding is

t P n 0. 9094. 5 85. 05 kips

The design strength based on fracture is

t P n 0. 75127. 8 95. 85 kips

b) The allowable strength based on yielding is

P n 94. 5 56. 59 kips

The allowable strength based on fracture is

P n 127. 8 63. 9 kips

The allowable service load is the smaller value: P n / t 56. 6 kips

Alternate solution using allowable stress: For yielding,

F t 0. 6F y 0. 636 21. 6 ksi

and the allowable load is F t A g 21. 62. 625 56. 7 kips

F t 0. 5F u 0. 558 29. 0 ksi

The allowable service load is the smaller value 56. 7 kips

P n F y A g 504 200 kips

For fracture of the net section,

A n A g A holes 4 1/2 1 1 2 holes 2.875 in. 2

P n F u A e 702. 875 201. 3 kips

a) The design strength based on yielding is

t P n 0. 90200 180 kips

The design strength based on fracture is

t P n 0. 75201. 3 151 kips

b) The allowable strength based on yielding is

P n 200 120 kips

The allowable strength based on fracture is

The allowable service load is the smaller value: P n / t 101 kips

Alternate solution using allowable stress: For yielding,

and the allowable load is

F t A g 304 120 kips

and the allowable load is

F t A e 352. 875 101 kips

The allowable service load is the smaller value 101 kips

Gross section: P n F y A g 508. 81 440. 5 kips

Net section: Hole diameter 1 1

A n A g 2t f d h 8. 81 20. 5011. 125 7. 683 in. 2

A e 0. 9A n 0. 97. 683 6. 915 in. 2

P n F u A e 656. 915 449. 5 kips

a. Gross: t P n 0. 90440. 5 396 kips

Net: t P n 0. 75449. 5 337 kips

Net section controls: t P n 337 kips

b. Gross: P n 440. 5 264 kips

Net section controls: P n / t 225 kips

For yielding of the gross section,

P n F y A g 362. 25 81. 0 kips

For fracture of the net section,

P n F u A e 582. 25 130. 5 kips

a) The design strength based on yielding is

t P n 0. 9081. 0 72. 9 kips

The design strength based on fracture is

t P n 0. 75130. 5 97. 88 kips

b) The allowable strength based on yielding is

P n 81. 0 48. 5 kips

The allowable strength based on fracture is

P n 130. 5 65. 25 kips

The allowable service load is the smaller value: P n / t 48. 5 kips

Alternate solution using allowable stress: For yielding,

F t 0. 6F y 0. 636 21. 6 ksi

F t A g 21. 62. 25 48. 6 kips