Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MORE...
ASMEB16.5:Upto24inch
dimentional standard for large flange
ASMEB16.47:Above24inch
Collapse all | Expand all
Flange
A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system. It
also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. Flanges are usually welded or screwed.
Flanges are available in round, square, and rectangular shapes. In some cases, flanges are usually in the
shape of a ring or a plate to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe.
TYPES OF FLANGES
TYPES OF FLANGES
http://www.pipingstudy.com/flange-gasket-and-bolts.html 1/7
17/07/2017 Flange Gasket and Bolts - Piping Study
Special Flanges:
Orifice Flanges
Spectacle Blinds (part of flange connection)
Spades and Ring Spacers (part of flange connection)
Long Welding Neck Flanges
Weldoflange / Nipoflange
Expander Flange
Reducing Flange
In addition, flanges, like fittings and pipes, for specific purposes sometimes internally equipped with layers of
materials of a completely different quality as the flanges themselves, which are "lined flanges".
The material of a flange, is basically set during the choice of the pipe, in most cases, a flange is of the same
material as the pipe.
Flange Installation
Flange Installation
Center the gasket on the flange. This is extremely vital where raised faces are involved. Note: standard ANSI ring gaskets,
when cut properly, should center themselves with the bolts in place.
Use a torque wrench and well-lubricated fasteners with hardened flat washers to ensure correct initial loading.
Tighten bolts to compress gasket uniformly. This means going from side to side around the joint, in a star-like crossing
pattern.
All bolts should be tightened in one-third increments, according to proper bolting patterns. Retorque 12 to 24 hours after
start-up, whenever possible.
All applicable safety standards including lockout/tagout procedure should be observed.
http://www.pipingstudy.com/flange-gasket-and-bolts.html 2/7
17/07/2017 Flange Gasket and Bolts - Piping Study
Never use liquid or metallic based anti-stick or lubricating compounds on the gaskets. Premature failure could occur as a
result.
Note:
ASME PCC 1:2000 (R2005) :Guidelines For Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly
ASMEB16.20
dimentional standard for non-metallic gasket
ASMEB16.21
Collapse all | Expand all
Gasket
Gasket
Flanged joints are made by bolting together two flanges with a gasket between them to provide a seal. The
gasket's function is to seal two different surfaces held together by one of several means, the most common
being screw-threaded devices such as bolts.
There are limits on the degree of flange surface imperfection that can be sealed successfully with a gasket. Large nicks,
dents, or gouges must be avoided, since a gasket cannot properly seal against them.
1. Roughness : Roughness is read in millionths of an inch (or meter) as the average of the peaks and valleys measured
from a midline of the flange surface.
2. Lay - Lay : is the direction of the predominant surface-roughness pattern. Example: multidirectional, phonographic
spiral serrations, etc.
3. Waviness : Waviness is measured in thousandths or fractions of an inch. Basically, it is the departure from overall
flatness.
http://www.pipingstudy.com/flange-gasket-and-bolts.html 3/7
17/07/2017 Flange Gasket and Bolts - Piping Study
Typical roughness readings can be from 125 to 500 micro-inches for serrated flanges and 125-250 micro-inches for non-
serrated flanges. Fine finishes, such as polished surfaces, should be avoided. Adequate "bite" in the surface is required to
develop enough friction to prevent the gasket from being blown out or from extruding or creeping excessively.
The lay of the finish should follow the midline of the gasket. For example, concentric circles on a round flange, or a
phonographic spiral. Every effort should be made to avoid lines across the face, such as linear surface grinding, which at
180 points will cross the seal area at right angles to the gasket, allowing a direct leak path.
Waviness is seldom a problem under normal conditions. There are two areas that must be watched, however, since
excessive waviness is very difficult to handle.
The first area is glass-lined equipment where the natural flow of the fused glass creates extreme waviness. Often the answer
here is to use thick and highly compressible gasketing.
The second area of concern is warped flanges. If warpage is caused by heat or internal stresses, re-machining is generally
sufficient. However, warpage due to excessive bolt loads or insufficient flange thickness results in what is generally called
bowing.
The solution is to redesign for greater flange rigidity. Sometimes backer plates can be added to strengthen the design
without replacing the parts. Another step would be to add more bolts. When this is done, usually smaller bolt diameters are
possible, thus adding more bolt stretch and better joint performance.
ASMEB18. 2. 1
dimentional standard for nuts
ASMEB18. 2. 2
Collapse all | Expand all
BOLTS
Bolts
The design of bolt over a nut acts like a spring load.The bolt is a spring. It is an elastic member that has
been stretched to develop a load. The more load spring provided by the bolt, the better the retention of
stress on the gasket to maintain a leak proof joint. It must not be over-elongated (over-strained), or the
elastic limit of the steel will be exceeded. The bolt then deforms and, with continued loading (stressing), may
rupture.
To avoid such problems with bolt tightening, the use of a torque wrench is recommended. The equipment
designer normally specifies the torque required for a product. This ensures that the maximum available load
is applied consistently to the gasket. The load will be better retained by using a bolt with a longer grip,
thereby ensuring a leak proof joint.
http://www.pipingstudy.com/flange-gasket-and-bolts.html 4/7
17/07/2017 Flange Gasket and Bolts - Piping Study
Factors that should be considered during installation of Bolts
BOLTS
FLANGE
GASKETS
Gasket creep temperature should be taken into account during selection. The gasket creep will occur in spiral wound as
well as sheet gasket due to the temperature. There are several WRC bulletins on use and selection of proper gaskets .
Some elastomer/aramid sheet gaskets in steam service,they became brittle and broke apart . Use spiral wound.graphite
gaskets which work best but B16.5 has recommendations on gaskets/bolts/weld necks if you're using 150 class flanges.
Never reuse a spiral wound gasket no matter how good it looks. You can check the effectiveness of the flange makeup
procedure by checking the thickness after use.
Wrong gasket type used.
Never tape across a gasket, either ring or spiral wound.
Wrong gasket type used.
Never re-use old gaskets. Check on the side of the flange for spex, this should be specified in vendor drawings.
Add a comment...
http://www.pipingstudy.com/flange-gasket-and-bolts.html 5/7
17/07/2017 Flange Gasket and Bolts - Piping Study
Grishma Prabhukhot
Hello all.I have recently completed Piping graduate diploma course and 'am a fresher.Could you please give
me relevent sites of EPC companies which hire piping engineers.
Like Reply 3 27 May 2015 18:01
Yane Yang Sales Lead Manager at Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited
Zhejiang Yaang Pipe Industry Co., Limited is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless
steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Pipe
Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe, Ball Valves. Yaang products are widely used in Shipbuilding, Nuclear power,
Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and
other industries. For more information visit: www.yaang.com
Like Reply 1 6 October 2015 07:56
http://www.pipingstudy.com/flange-gasket-and-bolts.html 6/7
17/07/2017 Flange Gasket and Bolts - Piping Study
http://www.pipingstudy.com/flange-gasket-and-bolts.html 7/7