FIBER OPTIC TELEMETRY SYSTEM USING NE555

A very simple fiber optic telemetry system that can be used in a variety of

telemetry application essentially the transmitter is an astable oscillator using the

popular NE555 (IC1). The variable resistance LDR1 contract the rate of pulse

applied to the LED. LDR1 can be any variable resistance transducer such as a

strain gauge for pressure sensing, a thermister for temperature sensing, or a

photoresistor for light sensing. It could also be a carbon microphone so as to

transmit audio information. The transmitter is essentially a voltage/frequency (V/F)

converter, and thus any of the IC V/F chips (such as the LM331) could be used in

this application.MC 1458 (IC2) dual op-amp as a preamplifier (first op-amp) and

as a comparator (second op-amp). Once the receiver pulses and cleaned up by the

comparator, they are applied to the IC3 (NE555) used as a frequency-to-voltage

converter. Adjustment of VR1 controls the threshold level of the comparator, while

VR2 permits calibration of the output meter. The simplicity of this system makes it

easily adapted to a variety of application.

 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WIPER CIRCUIT USING 555 TIMER IC

Automatic Wiper System in luxury cars where Windshield Wiper

automatically gets activated when there is Rain or if there is some water on the

windshield. Electronic Wiper is very common device that is attached in every car

to wipe the water on the windshield during the rain. But generally they are

manually operated and we need to switch them ON manually. But today we are

going to build Automatic Rain Sensing Car Wiper System using 555 Timer IC.

This circuit automatically detects the rainfall and activates the wiper to clear the

windscreen. A Water Detector or Rain Sensor is used for detecting the water or

rain. Output of Astable Multivibrator and Comparator is applied to motor driver IC

L293D, which will further drive the wiper motor. Whole circuit can be powered

using 5v-12v battery depending upon the application.

 CELL PHONE DETECTOR CIRCUIT

Cell Phone Detector is a circuit that can sense the presence of any activated

cell-phone nearby and gives an indication of activated cell-phone near around of it.

Basically Cell-phone detector is a Frequency Detector or a Current to Voltage

Converter Circuit which catches frequencies about 0.8 - 3.0GHz (Mobile band

frequencies). RL tuned circuit (ResistorInductor circuit) is not suitable for

detecting the RF signals in GigaHertz range.This Mobile Detector Circuit can

detect incoming/outgoing calls, messaging, video transmission and any SMS or

GPRS uses within the range of 1 meter. This circuit is very useful to detect Cell-

phones at Cell-phone restricted places like Exam halls, meeting rooms, hospitals

etc. It is also useful in detecting the unauthorised use or spying using hidden Cell

Phone. It can detect the RF Transmission from the Mobile Phone and triggers

Buzzer to produce beep sound, even if the phone is kept on Silent mode and this

alarm continues beeping till the presence of RF signals.

 555 TIMER BASED ELECTRONIC CODE LOCK CIRCUIT

In this simple circuit we are building 555 Timer IC based Code Lock. In this

Lock, there will be 8 buttons and one needs to press specific four buttons

simultaneously to unlock the Lock. The 555 IC is configured as a Monostable

Vibrator here. Basically in this circuit we will have an LED at the output pin 3

which turns ON when trigger is applied by pressing those specific four buttons.

LED remains On for some time and then turns Off automatically. LED represents

the Electric Lock here which remains locked when there is no current and gets

unlock when current passes through it. The combination of specific four buttons is

the Code, which needs to open the Lock.

 ARDUINO TIME AND SENSOR BASED ANDROID MUSIC

PLAYER

Imagine your music player that play for you, a player that sense the ambient

LIGHT, TEMPERATURE and TIME that affects the mood of a person, and pick a

song categorize as MOODs. Because I don't have a sensor that can translate human

emotion or thinking to numerical data, I assume that an environment surrounding

humans can affect our emotion and which is readable as an analog data using

sensors, and because time can easily affect the environment basic traits like light

intensity and temperature, I found it as a good solutions for this project. The

sensors I used are not enough to consider the exact environment situation, we can

still add humidity and sound.

 Temperature controlled DC fan using Microcontroller

Generally, electronic devices produce more heat. So this heat should be

reduced in order to protect the device. There are many ways to reduce this heat.

One way is to switch on the fan spontaneously. This article describes a circuit that

automatically, switches the fan when it detects the temperature inside the device

greater than its threshold value. The main principle of the circuit is to switch on the

fan connected to DC motor when the temperature is greater than a threshold value.

The microcontroller continuously reads temperature from its surroundings. The

temperature sensor acts as a transducer and converts the sensed temperature to

electrical value. This is analog value which is applied to the ADC pin of the

microcontroller. The ATmega8 microcontroller has six multiplexed ADC channels

with 10 bit resolution. The analog value is applied to one of the input ADC pins.

Thus conversion occurs internally using successive approximation method.For

ADC conversion, internal registers should be declared. The ADC pin outputs a

digital value. This is compared with the threshold value by the controller which

switches the fan if value is greater than threshold.

 INTELLIGENT CHARGER FOR 9V NIMH RECHARGEABLE

BATTERIES V1

I looked for smart charger chat can charge 9V NiMH battery in couple of

hours and didn't found one. Moreover all chargers I found was really "dumb".

Charging current unknown and no function to terminate charging after battery fully

charged. Problem with such chargers that they can overcharge battery and

significantly reduce lifespan. So I decided to create "smart" charger. First version I

intend to keep simple, so it allows basic things like charging with constant current,

automatic charging termination after battery fully charged, trickle charge,

measurement of charge transferred to battery. In next version I will add couple of

additional useful features like discharge, capacity measurement and cycling.

Charging battery with high current may cause battery explosion or fire. Please

don't leave charger unattended. Also please don't try to charge battery don't

intended to be charged as Alkaline. This charger tested only with NiMH batteries

(and still you are using it at your own risk and I am absolutely have no any

responsibility if any damage caused because of bugs in design or code). Chagrin of

other types of batteries will require code modification.

 DIGITAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR

A digital thermometer is a good choice of project for beginners who just

stepped in to the world of microcontrollers because it provides an opportunity to

learn using sensors to measure the real world signals that are analog in nature. This

article describes a similar project based on a PIC16F688 microcontroller and an

LM35 temperature sensor. LM35 is an analog sensor that converts the surrounding

temperature to a proportional analog voltage. The output from the sensor is

connected to one of the ADC channel inputs of the PIC16F688 microcontroller to

derive the equivalent temperature value in digital format. The computed

temperature is displayed in a 162 character LCD, in both C and F scales.he

output voltage from the sensor is converted to a 10-bit digital number using the

internal ADC of the PIC16F688. Since the voltage to be measured by the ADC

ranges from 0 to 1.0V (that corresponds to maximum temperature range, 100 C),

the ADC requires a lower reference voltage (instead of the supply voltage Vdd =

5V) for A/D conversion in order to get better accuracy. The lower reference

voltage can be provided using a Zener diode, a resistor network, or sometime just

simple diodes. You can derive an approximate 1.2V reference voltage by

connecting two diodes and a resistor in series across the supply voltage, as shown

below. As a demonstration, I am going to use this circuit in this project. I measured

the output voltage across the two diodes as 1.196 V. The resistor R I used is of
3.6K, but you can use 1K too. The important thing is to measure the voltage across

the two diodes as accurate as possible.he output voltage from the sensor is

converted to a 10-bit digital number using the internal ADC of the PIC16F688.

Since the voltage to be measured by the ADC ranges from 0 to 1.0V (that

corresponds to maximum temperature range, 100 C), the ADC requires a lower

reference voltage (instead of the supply voltage Vdd = 5V) for A/D conversion in

order to get better accuracy. The lower reference voltage can be provided using a

Zener diode, a resistor network, or sometime just simple diodes. You can derive an

approximate 1.2V reference voltage by connecting two diodes and a resistor in

series across the supply voltage, as shown below. As a demonstration, I am going

to use this circuit in this project. I measured the output voltage across the two

diodes as 1.196 V. The resistor R I used is of 3.6K, but you can use 1K too. The

important thing is to measure the voltage across the two diodes as accurate as

possible.