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(Protochordate Fishes)
(a)
(b)
Pandocia aurata (sea squirt)
Pandocia aurata (sea squirt)
Tunicate metamorphosis.
Subphylum Cephalochordata
ostracoderm (Pteraspis)
Class Petromyzontida
buccal funnel with horny denticles
parasitic; 7 pairs of gill pouches
larva: ammocoete
anadromous
with buccal glands
Class Petromyzontida
Dunkleotus (arthrodire)
Superclass Gnasthostomata
Bothriolepis (antiarch)
Class Chondrichthyes
cartilaginous fishes
covered with placoid scales
presence of cloaca; without swim bladder
heterocercal tail
gill slits are either ventral or lateral
mouth and anus ventral
ventral subterminal mouth
Subclass Elasmobranchii
well-developed sense of smell
small intestine spiral valve
gill slits are lateral and not covered (5 pairs)
pectoral fins are marked off from the body
internal fertilization
Order Squaliformes
Order Rajiformes (Batoidea)
include rays and skates
ventral gill slits
spiracle is dorsal
dorsoventrally compressed bodies
Order Rajiformes (Batoidea)
Rays and Skates
(a)
(b)
Class Holocephali
Include chimaeras (ratfish and rabbit fishes)
With operculum
Persistent notochord
Subclass Elasmobranchii.
(a) Reef shark (Carcharhinus
perezi). (b) A bullseye stingray
(Urolophus concentricus).
(c) Class Holocephali. The
ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei).
(b)
(a) (c)
Class Osteichthyes
bony fishes
with swim bladder
no cloaca
homocercal tail
no gill slits
terminal mouth and operculum
Subclass Actinopterygii
ray-finned fishes
fins are provided with dermal fin rays
nostril do not connect with mouth cavity
Chondrosteans, Neopterygians, and Teleosts
Chondrosteans
(a) Shovelnose
sturgeon
(Scaphirhynchus
platorynchus)
(b) Paddlefish
(Polydon spathula)
Teleosts
(a) A flounder
(Pseudopleuronect
es americanus)
(b) Yellowtail
snappers (Ocyurus
chrysurus)
Class Sarcopterygii
lobed finned fishes
fins resemble limbs in appearance
with choanae
Superorder Crossopterygii
Superorder Dipnoi
Superoder Crossopterygii
fleshy, lobelike fins
include actinistians coelacanths
Superoder Crossopterygii
Class Sarcopterygii. The coelacanth
Latimeria.
Superoder Dipnoi
include lungfishes
highly vascularised
Protopterus (Africa), Neoceratodus
(Australia); Lepidosiren (S. America)
Class Sarcopterygii. The lungfish,
Lepidosiren paradoxa.
Superoder Dipnoi
The fishapod Tiktaalik. This 375-million-year-old fossil