Attention: New Products Desk

TEST REPORTS

KALMATRON CORPORATION
276 Michelle Court, South San Francisco
California 94080, U S A.
P: (415) 385-3290
F: (650) 872-2555
KalmatronWorld@aol.com

Visit us at:
www.kalmatron.com
www.shieldcrete.com
www.shotcreteadmix.com
www.stuccowatreproof.com
www.drivewayoverlay.com
www.greenbuiltconcrete.com
www.parkingconcrete.com
www.concreteadmix.com
www.wineryrepair.com
www.blockdegree.com
www.seismicstar.com
www.kalmatron.cn
 STATE OF COLORADO
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sub.# 14601
120 N. Riverview Rd.
Sterling, Colorado 80751
(970) 522-0481

November 17, 2003

To: KALMATRON CORP.
Attn: Dr. Alex Rusinoff

It was a pleasure to meet with you and have you help with the introduction of your
concrete additive Kalmatron KF-A on our project. It is always a difficult process to use a
new additive and see if it holds up to ones claims. The emergency work at the
Eisenhower tunnel sinkhole was a good testing ground. I am pleased to say that your
additive made the concrete very workable at lower slumps, which was very impressive. I
also took several temperature checks on the concrete and found that it had virtually very
little hydration temperature increase in the concrete mixer truck even after 1 to 1
hours.

The low hydration temps seem to have eliminated much of the possible cracking of the
thin concrete pipe lining on this project. This was a concern to us. We will continue to
monitor this products performance on a long-term basis for our own information. I was
also impressed with how you were available to address any of our concerns and
questions about your additives for concrete. Once again thank you for all your
cooperation and assistance with this project.

Kurt Christopher
Civil Engineering Project Manager I
KALMATRON KF-A 7.5 Lbs/CY
No additives are added
The photo above represents comparative application of regular concrete with 7.5 Kg/m3 of
-A on a border with High Performance Concrete based on the High Alumina
cement Sika-51. Products were applied at the same time on a floor of acid room in a smalt
production mine (Australia). They use electrolysis process with solutions of 30% sulfuric acid
and copper sulfate.
This photo was taken after 9 months.
Shown the intact surface with KF-A (above) and deteriorated surface of concrete with Sika-51
until appearance of aggregates. After 18 months that concrete was totally destroyed.
 TRANSFORMATION OF CONCRETE BY KF-A

Initially, the following test was dedicated to the evaluation of concrete specimens to resistance of chloride
permeability. Finally, we found that test procedure wasnt suitable because even for water-saturated
specimens with and without KALMATRON electric conductivity was different. It means that we have
got the changing of concrete class from low content alumina cement concrete to high content alumina
cement concrete.

The chloride permeability test procedure is based on electric conductivity of concrete specimens
saturated with water and salt-water solutions. On the diagrams of present tests readings we can see that
specimens with KALMATRONKF-A and KSS have higher electric conductivity even in a water test.
Thats why readings of specimens measured in water tests are used as the control.
Obviously, even without any salt, concrete with KALMATRON is more electrochemically active just like
high alumina concrete is. For this reason specimens with KALMATRON show highest resistance to
acid, sugar, salt and petroleum products.

In our instructions for testing of KALMATRON products we asking to keep both groups of control and
trail specimens in different bathes. Otherwise, test results would be very close for both groups of
specimens. Because even light water solution of KALMATRON chemicals improves control specimens
significantly by exchange through the curing water in the same bath.

During present testing, researchers noted that some blue film appeared on the surface of specimens with
KALMATRON. That blue film has a very high electric conductivity due to its metallic nature. Obviously,
after complete oxidization of metal-containing elements in concrete, the dominant remainder of aluminum
was dispatched on the surfaces of pores and capillaries with visual sediments on the outside surface.

According to Fig. 1, taken from source [1] with measurements in water, cement paste has lower electric
resistivity up to 21/2 times than ordinary Portland Cement concrete. It can be regarded as a measure of
materials homogeneity also [1]. The difference of resistivity between Portland Cement concrete and both
Rapid Hardening concrete and High Alumina concrete is 10 to 15 times. Since both of electric resistivity
and conductivity are inversely related data, we can to analyze our test readings with source [1].
Measurements in a water shows that concrete with Silica Fume has lower electric conductivity up to 40
times than concrete with KF-A, because KALMATRON oxidation reactions provide forming of high
conductive elements in a concrete structure on initial stage. As it shown by test results about
KALMATRON corrosion resistance, this is very important for improving of concrete durability.

The same principle is used with KALMATRON KC for enhancing ordinary and low quality cements,
which is highly effective for cement manufacturers without special technological lines for treating such
cements by additional grinding and burning.

The difference between KF-A and KC is that KF-A reacts with the whole amount of micro-metal elements
in the concrete mix, but KC works selectively with cement powder only.

This is another proof of transformation of conventional concrete to High Alumina concrete by and with
KALMATRON admixtures.
R=U/J; [ohm]
wherein:
R resistivity
J
conductivity
U - voltage
 REDUCTION OF EXOTHERMIC EMISSION AND INCREASING OF
CEMENTITIOUS VALUE BY KALMATRON KF-A
According to research in core temperatures of hardening concrete, KALMATRON KF-A
provides a noticeably different amount of cement hydration in concrete mix. The conclusion is based on a
reduction of exothermic temperature into concrete with KF-A shown on figures 31 and 32. This is correct
between 800 min and 1600 min of elapsed time because this is beginning and finish of process. But from
1000 minute we can see sudden drop of temperature at 5C that is about of 20% from the highest
exothermic peak at 33C. This is significant entropy for such an ordinary and small volume process as a
hydration of cement. In compare with control specimens at the same time this is more than two times
less.
Cements with limited rate of heat evolution are known as: Portland Cement Type IV, Portland
blast-furnace Cement Type P and IP with specific surface of about 320 m 2/Kg and heat of hydration 300
Joules per gram (80 cal/g). These cements are developed for massive concrete structures such as dams
with low initial cracking. Early strength of concrete with these cements is very low but the ultimate
strength is unaffected. The low heat feature is achieved by limitation of lime content after correction for
the lime combined with SO3. The limit is:
CaO
1 (1)
2x4(SiO2) + 1x2(Al2O3) + 0.65(Fe2O3)

As is known, the heat of hydration consists of the chemical heat of reactions and the heat of
absorption of water on the surface of the cement gel formed during the hydration process. These
processes are consequent. In the first hour hydration of regular cements take place with high heat
indication up to 500 joules per gram (120 cal/g). The heat of adsorption is approximate 25% from the
summary heat indication, which is relevant to the current measurements mentioned above.
With some delay, the heat of adsorption will dominate till a final setting time. The delay is
explainable by the difference between hydration and adsorption speeds. The faster the speed of
hydration the sooner the adsorption process starts. The bigger the volume of gel forming, the less free
water is left for other processes and that is why less the heat of adsorption. The difference between high
heat energy of cement hydration and low heat energy of adsorption is the entropy of concrete structure
formation. Obviously, KALMATRON admixture reduces lime content, as explained by (1).

2NaNO3 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 +2NaOH; (2)

Ca(NO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaOHNO3 ; (3)
CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaOHCl; (4)
CaOHNO3 + ag CaOHNO3 ag ; (5)
CaOHCL + ag CaOHCl ag ; (6)
3Ca(OH)2 + 3Na2SO4 + 31H2O + Ca3(AlO3)2 3(CaO Al2 O3 CaSO4) 31H2O + 6NaOH; (7)
Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2 NaOH; (8)
CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2 H2 ; (9)
3Ca(OH)2 + 6NaCl + [3CaO Al2O3] + 30H2O 3[CaOAl2O3 CaCl2] 30H2O + 6NaOH; (10)
3Ca(OH)2 + 6NaNO3 + [3CaO Al2O3] + 32H2O 3[CaOAl2O3CaNO3]32H2O+6NaOH (11)

But since KALMATRON concrete has early strength and high rheological features, the very high
volume and speed of gel formation may explain the 20% entropy.
The next equations are examples of the most possible reactions of KALMATRON admixtures with
concrete mix on different stages of structure formation.

During hardening, concrete with KALMATRON works like concrete with Cement Type IV.
In the first days with high early strength KALMATRON performs like Cement Type III.
In a maturity stage with high resistance to sulphate attack, sugar, acid and salt corrosions and high
impermeability, KALMATRON concrete performs like High Alumina or HP concrete.
All of these are 5 Kg/m3 of KALMATRON KF-A.
 2.5C

5.25C

600 minutes
Original page 38 of test report