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Guide Rails: protects the cabin and the counter weight along the vertical
direction and, it prevents any turning of cabin and counter weight. All rails
are used by the parachute aarangement to hold the cabin. Generally Tprofile
Counter Weight: The weight of the counter weight is equal to the cabin
weight and 0.4 or 0.5 of the whole weight. To be able to carry it easily and
Buffer or Bumper : In any case if an elevator can not stop at the lowest
stop and continue on its way, to soften the crash to the ground and to
reduce the damage that may occur, according to the speed of the elevator,
%25, speed regulator effects the parachute brake and shuts off the
Parachute system : This system stops the elevator on guide rails with
breaking, if ropes are broken or if the speed of going down is increased too
circuit breaker and fuses. Many circuits are installed to start the electric
orderly and securely, control systems are installed. For modern elevators,
button control are used. Button control are divided into two. Buttons
outside the cabin are external and buttons in side the cabin are internal
control buttons.
Ropes or Cables : Ropes are produced from high carbon cold drawn
wires. Wires are wraped up in helix way to create cordons, and cordons are
wraped up in helix way to create ropes.
operation as follows :
Machine room.
Control Unit
The control unit is housed with both the motor and the sheave in the
control room, usually located above the elevator shaft. It receives the
signal from each floor's controls and translates that to movements for the
motor, either up or down. When the elevator car reaches its destination,
the control receives a signal to stop the elevator car to allow passengers
to enter or exit. The control unit also has a computer built-in to monitor
travel patterns and specific instructions that are programmed into it for
rest locations and signal priorities.
Counterweight and Guide Rails
The counterweight is used to reduce strain on the motor as it
creates constant energy that can be used to lift or lower the elevator car
similar to the action of a children's seesaw. The motor uses the
counterweight or the elevator car to propel the elevator car in either
direction. The guide rails are in place for both the elevator car and
counterweight to keep them from swaying --- thereby creating a smooth
elevator ride in either direction.
A roping system is used to attach the motor/gear reducer, the elevator car
and the counter weight. There are many different kinds of arrangements that
can be used. In one possible arrangement, such as shown in Figure 2, both
ends of the elevator rope are anchored to the overhead beam. Both the
elevator car and the counter weight are attached to free moving pulleys. The
traction drive is attached to a stationary pulley.
The traction drive is the method of converting the input mechanical power
(in this case the turning of a shaft) into useable mechanical power in the
system (the vertical movement of the elevator). The friction between the
ropes and the sheave grooves, which are cut on the pulley, initiates the
traction force between the traction drive and the rope.
When the traction drive is rotated power is transferred from the traction
drive to the elevator car and counter weight. Power is only needed to move
the unbalanced load between the elevator and the counterweight.
Gears
Brakes