Ever since the dawn of Philosophy, there has been a
discord among the various schools regarding the
subjective/objective dilemma and whether one or the other describes the nature of Reality. School of realism, pragmatism and naturalism hold on the objective thesis whereas German Idealism, Advaita Vedanta and Kashmiri Shaivism propound the subjectivist theory. There has been no agreement for over three thousand years over this problem and it can well be said that the crux of the problem lies not in the theories themselves but in the nature and positing of the problem itself. The main thesis of objectivists is that reality is objective by which they mean that it has properties which can be verified by senses of other individuals. Science in its modern sense is based on this premise. It conducts experiments which can be verified by peers and this gives the results an objective standing which can then be taken to be truth. The basis of the existence of objectivity is the presence of senses common to everyone. This works well for the physical plane of reality since existence and cognizance of this level depends on the senses. But for the realist thesis to hold, it must be assumed that the physical plane is all there is. This is an assumption which modern science makes without much proof, but on this basis of which, it makes many claims, all of which are based on this one fulcrum. The fashionable problem of modern science, that of Consciousness, also called the hard problem, is hard because Science is looking for a material basis of Consciousness and in the absence of an experimental proof of that, declares its helplessness. It also makes an absurd hypothesis which sometimes can be easily taken to be truth, which says the Consciousness is created by the molecules of the brain. So matter in the brain moves first and then we are able to think. For the Sages of the India right from the Vedic age, such a statement would have appeared laughable since they could leave the physical body and travel to all corners of the universe in their subtle bodies, appear to their disciples in their dreams and do all sorts of miracles. But to be fair, Science is not run by the wise sages today but by fanatical cults of materialists who behave very much like the religionists and theologians who they decry albeit rightly many times. Science works fine only as long as every assumption has a basis in reality but when they lack such a basis, how can experiments based on such assumptions give correct results ? The problem is, some assumptions cannot be verified by Science in the present state of human evolution. For that, the scientists have to evolve, not science. This brings us to the question of the subjectivist thesis.
Reality in its true sense has three aspects, matter,
consciousness and will (motion). Western philosophy has captured the matter aspect of things, and Eastern seekers and philosophers, the consciousness aspect of things. For every human being, his feelings and thoughts are what he calls subjective, which means he is the sole witness to these movements inside his consciousness. He cannot show them to anyone else. No one doubts that he is more than just his external body. Every human beings life is based on his inner thoughts and emotions and it can be said that this subjectivity is the very meaning of his life. Objectivity matters only so far as it harmonizes with the demands of his subjective life. If this were not the case, then truly man could live by bread alone. Science tries to manage objectivity but the goal of that endeavor is ultimately the subjective fulfillment of Man. Every Scientist is a subjective individual who lives a life of thoughts and emotions privately and argues against the existence of such a dimension in outward life. A strange predicament indeed. Eastern wisdom has been much more true to the individuals inner life than the west. In the very DNA of the eastern man, is the idea that everything is Consciousness. At the ultimate level, this Consciousness is called Shiva, Brahman, or Absolute. The result of thousands of years of such a stream of thought has resulted in a form of detachment or otherworldliness in the land of India whose result on the physical plane has been an impoverished, life stunting existence. Of course, this very detachment has also produced a galaxy of saints and enlightened beings who have achieved the highest accomplishments in Consciousness too. But one is forced to wonder if Spiritual accomplishments must necessarily entail a materially deplorable state of things. The exclusive focus on consciousness in comparison to matter has a basis in reality but that basis is partial and not complete. In Tantra, it is always maintained that though Shiva is the highest consciousness and uses his Shakti to project the universe outside himself, at every level of creation, Shiva and Shakti are ONE and the SAME. The only difference is in the dominance of one principle over the another. As we come closer to the material aspect of reality, there is more Shakti with Shiva sleeping deep inside and as we go to higher levels, Shiva reveals himself more. In the same way, the focus of Consciousness for the eastern adept is based on his desire to escape from this covering of matter by which, he will be able to realize the true dominance of Consciousness over matter. But it is not the case that as Consciousness is attained in its pristine brilliance, matter is completely negated or stops existing. It simply becomes more refined and less rigid. Ultimately matter is the carrier of Consciousness. As one goes into the deeper levels of reality, matter stops being the dominating principle and becomes the servant of Consciousness who can shape matter as it wants. In the physical plane, this is not possible for the ordinary man who sees the immovable sternness of matter confronting him with irresolute will in every aspect of life. This very static nature of matter made the scientists assume that matter is all there is. This staticity is also the basis of the objectivity which Science takes to be the rasiondetere for its existence. We should then ask, what is the nature of matter as the physical plane is transcended ? What does the eastern adept see as he travels upward in the higher planes of reality ? And what is the nature of refined matter that sages dont even mention its presence ? This brings us to the question of Death.
In the ancient Puranas, reality has seven lokas, starting
with the Physical or Bhu loka, Bhuvar Loka, Swarga Loka, Mahar Loka, Janah Loka, Tapah Loka and Satya Loka. After death, man travels in his subtle body to the Bhuvar Loka. In esoteric terms, he leaves his physical and etheric sheath and travels in his emotional body to the Emotional Plane of Reality. This is the level of reality where for many human beings, life is a kind of real Hell because there, emotions are all there is. A jealous individual gets to meet other similar jealous beings, the lustful gets to meet his fellow fornicators and the innocent stays with similar souls. The ancient descriptions of Hell and Heaven were exaggerations with a kernel of truth. Hell and Heaven are not some planets where a Dark and Horrible Being boils you in a cauldron of molten Iron. Its the nature of the vibrations in which you find yourself after death which subjectively feels like Hell since there is no way out of that. This is because emotions control you in that plane. They do so in the physical plane too but in ignorance of the true nature of life, we justify that expression of emotion, attributing it to the actions of someone outside of us. It is only after death that most human beings realize that emotions are not natural expressions of life. They are instead an automatic reaction within us which we dont have much control of usually. This automatism of emotions in response to outer events is the source of much of the misery in Planet Earth right now. After death, this truth is revealed with a chilling horror. Matter in that plane is dependent on the expression of emotions. So anger has a particular color, so does jealousy, lust, anguish and so does Love and Compassion. Many of the ancient descriptions of emotions in literature were actually based on this aspect of reality. Thus they called jealousy green and anger red. These are realities in the emotional plane which in a physical plane cannot be seen by an embodied being. He considers them subjective until after death, it is realized that emotions are very much objective but only in that plane of reality. So we come to an understanding that the subjective/objective divide is as aspect of consciousness and not some absolute truth. What is subjective on earth is objective on the plane beyond earth. The question of the automatic nature of emotions which is revealed after death will be answered a bit later. But before that, we can understand the wisdom of all the injunctions of the sages who asked us to practice self-control of emotions and even thoughts for a good life on earth and hereafter. Actually hereafter is the more pressing reason for cultivating such controls since life on earth might well be prosperous with a maxim that says do whatever you feel like, but life hereafter will certainly not be. Today we live in an age where expressing emotions in every color is the fashion of the day and in spite of all the horrors it unfolds, is being advocated as a worthy philosophy to live by. This kind of a maxim fundamentally depends on the assumption of one life to live. Only Science really bases itself on such a materialistic thesis because throughout history, Sages and spiritual souls have talked extensively about the after life. This also shows the dominance of mainstream Science in the cultural sphere today. An assumption of science has negated the testimony of many thousands of saints and sages. We come back to the situation of the hapless newly dead entrant in the emotional plane who can do little now except cavort with the emotionally familiar club he meets. There is some respite though because residence in this place is not for long. After a sojourn there, the emotional cloak is taken off and the soul enter the mental plane in its mental body. The mental plane by its very definition is the plane where thoughts are everything. By everything is meant the structure of reality composed of mental matter. This matter is even more refined than emotional matter. Therefore consciousness is even more dominant here and every thought shapes reality instantly into the shape conceived. This is a very blissful state of existence since all the negative thoughts, which are invariably connected with emotions have been left behind in the emotional plane and only the purest thoughts have accompanied the soul in to the mental plane. Such purity is the real meaning of the ancient Swarga Loka desired by all hindus. Here is the place where all the purest thoughts of benevolence and truth live themselves out in an enchanting panorama of dazzling light. The problem is, the soul is actually not conscious in the way on earth he was. These thoughts that play themselves out are like a dream where one is not in control of anything. It just happens to be the case that the dream here in intensely real and blissful and so there is only joy and happiness. The content of the dream is based on the life he left behind. Thus one can say this is selfish in a very good way. Just like the emotions controlled the soul in the last plane, so does thoughts do on this plane. But here there are no fellows with similar thoughts like the emotional plane. Life in the mental plane is pure subjectivity. One can create any individuals persona by thinking about the person. So one can live out the most joyous events in the life gone by with the most loved ones simply by thinking. Our subconscious which never forgets anything, has recorded every waking impression with perfect replicability and this is used in the mental plane to relive those moments. The dreamy nature of this plane is not of much concern since no one minds such a vividly real and blissful dream. But this is not Real. These are your own ideas and thought forms which are akin to fictions and may not have any correspondence to reality in the physical plane when they were formed. The subjective aspect here raises a question of the possible objectivity on this plane. The question is, is the mental plane just a subjective world ? The answer is, it is NOT. In fact the possibility of this Objectivity raises the question of the fictitious nature of thoughts. On earth, we think our thoughts are all that matter to us. Often driven by emotions which then capture our thinking process, we endlessly spin yarns of thoughts on all manner of things, people and events. Very rarely do we plan to seek out the truth of our thoughts. The much more spiritually relevant thing is that we are NOT our thoughts. This is revealed most clearly in the mental plane where the very dominance of our thought life is revealed in the dreamy nature of that plane since we do not consciously control that dream. Thinking is done in matter of extreme refinement even in a physical body. The brain actually receives a certain percentage of this mental body movements. This matter is also an automatic matter and is normally outside our control. The physical world affects us and we start thinking automatically. Much more importantly, the mental body is not an isolated space but a shared one. Thoughts are like waves which fly about in the mental plane which humans catch like receivers. This is why every nation has a certain dominant thought pattern which defines it. Culture as we know it is essentially the dominance of these waves of thought matter over a geographical area. It is difficult to extricate oneself from such waves because energy follows thought. As more and more people think on the same lines, the thought forms get more and more energized. The usual saying that I cant get it off my mind hides very deep physics about the nature of the thought plane. Entire nations can be colonized by thought forms of intense vitality. Germany for example in World War 2 was colonized by a certain Spirit which Carl Jung called Wotan who fed and sustained the murderous rage of the Germans. It was as impossible in that age to think freely as its impossible to rescue yourself from drowning in a sucking whirlpool. Thoughts have energy which is why one needs extensive force and will to remove them. This feature of the mental plane reveals many truths of racism, suicide bombing and all manner of mass thinking patterns. It also reveals the importance of the arduous processes of Yoga which essentially is the stoppage of all involuntary thoughts as Patanjali speaks in the 2nd sutra of the Yoga Sutras. Yoga seeks to take the seeker to the Ultimate Truth which in the preceding description of planes, lies beyond the mental plane. Only when one is able to control all automatic thoughts and emotions, does one travel past the emotional and mental plane and land in the planes of Nirvana. This is the first plane where one is truly free of all emotional illusions and mental fictions. As we saw, emotions and thoughts are both composed of bodies of matter which are automatic in nature and being bodies, do not contain our essential self. They are both aggregations of matter which activate on the slightest perturbation. More importantly, they do not correspond to reality. One can build all sorts of day dreams and fictitious ideas about the world and all that will amount to, is a sojourn in these planes of emotion and thoughts after death. To get objective consciousness on the mental plane is possible only for enlightened beings who are no more controlled by thought and so can investigate it without any bias. Bias is what defines the usual man who is driven by his subconscious drives and tendencies which were called Samskaras and Skandhas. In the after- death planes, every thought and emotion is a living reality completely defined by individual opinions. One can well say that there is nothing wrong in living in these planes of illusion since it is still some way of living. This question has always had a standard answer historically, that releasing yourself from the fetters of attachment to emotions and thoughts is the goal of life on earth. Its not only a question of the ineradicable havoc and suffering that blind emotional urges and fanatically resistant thoughts bring upon man when on earth, its also the question of the real identity of man. If man were just emotions or thoughts, the after death life presented here might well have been an acceptable one. But is that true ? Any beginner in meditation is asked to observe thoughts and it is well known that thinking people can control their emotions to a great extent. What this reveals is that reason can unravel the blind and illusive structure of emotions and also that the rational process of reason can be observed as a movement separate from the observing individual. This shows that beyond thoughts and emotions is some aspect of existence which is neither of the two. The illusory nature of the emotional and mental planes explains the tremendous importance of the physical plane existence. Its only on earth, as an embodied being that we can transcend emotions and thoughts. After death, we are bound by what we attained in life on earth. We give ourselves over to the automatic bodies of emotions and thoughts which life can be called a sort of rest from earthly life since there is nothing we consciously control. On earth, we can learn to control our emotions, use our will to change patterns of thoughts. This is partly because the physical body is a great help from the spiritual point of view. All Hatha Yoga is based on the impact that certain postures of the physical body have on our thoughts and emotions. More importantly, physical plane life presents us with a laboratory called objective life where we learn to master outer events through inner control of thoughts and emotions. Such a laboratory is missing after death. Then we are stuck with our automatic emotional bodies and their vibrations and have no will to transcend that level of vibration. The aspect of truth beyond emotions and thoughts have to be transcended only in a physical plane birth. What that aspect is, is the goal of all Yoga and all seeking after Truth. Now this is the experiential aspect of truth. The objective aspect as to why reality has been structured like this, that we are forced to live in bodies of emotion and mind and then asked to transcend these very bodies through struggle and renunciation concerns the esoteric structure of evolution on planet earth. One can ask if all this was necessary. Why couldnt God just let us live in the planes of reality beyond the mind itself ? Why did we have to come down to this coarse material plane of reality and then travel all the way up giving up these cherished planes of emotion and thought ? The answer to this question will involve a detailed explanation as to the purpose of Life and existence and in a future post I shall do that. For now, we can take the experiential description and proceed.
The post started with the question of Philosophy and will
end with it. Philosophy is essentially complex movements of matter in the mental plane. The mental plane can be considered one super-complex laboratory where one can create prototypes of external reality and dive deeper and deeper into that created structure which will reveal more aspects than the initial impression. Its consciousness examining consciousness. Thought takes an impression from external reality, churns it in the mind and reveals aspects which are completely new. All inference and deduction are such movements. Philosophy looks at the external reality of appearances and in the mental plane, tries to go beyond the appearance. It can do so because appearance by its very nature, hides the truth. To the extent, the truth lies beyond it, the mind can reveal it. But because the mind is a subjective plane of reality, unless the topic of churning is the physical reality, there is no way to verify whether the conclusions of the mind are true or not. Science does a very good job of explaining most of every day life because its hypotheses can be verified. But when it comes to the emotional and mental planes, there is no way to give an objective description of that reality. Subjectivist Philosophy tries to explain the reality of the seven planes of reality through a mental plane description. But the problem is, unless one has objective consciousness on the mental plane, one cannot even describe that plane properly. And planes beyond the mental do not even have a structure of reality that the mind can fathom. These supra-mental planes are structures where pure Intuition reigns which is a reality where Oneness is realized without the sequential nature of logical thought. This is why metaphysics is essentially a flawed discipline. It can create elaborate fictions which can at most approximate reality upto the mental plane as Hegel shows but its reach is limited. All metaphysical problems are insoluble for the non-realized man. Only a self-realized being having travelled beyond the mental plane, can then undertake the task of explaining the true nature of the mind. And for the nirvanic planes, the mind itself is incapable of understanding. This is the reason why so many of the mystics say things which appear inexplicable to reason. Creation ex-nihilo, or reality is One or many, these are all intractable questions for the logical mind. All philosophers have given many descriptions of reality according to their own subjective fictions created in the mental plane. This has done only one good thing which is that the philosopher and his readers have travelled to the more finer realms of the mental plane. which are abstract planes. Abstraction is a way to travel up though subjectively. Only realization gives one the true access to ones own and the universes reality. Realization gives you the first understanding of how reality is truly structured, how the oneness spoken of by mystics and sages is a lived reality, how every inch of creation is bursting with consciousness starting from the rock to the entire planet with its billions of animals, plants and human beings and also the meaning of Maya or the illusory nature of reality. One realizes that all forms of separation is an illusion. The universe is actually one single block of consciousness which appears separate only in appearance. Such a realization for her children has been the goal of evolution on planet earth ever since the planet appeared in the mists of antiquity.