Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In an academic reflective essay, besides reflections on your own experience, you should also
include outside sources as part of your evaluation of your service experience. This will help
you strengthen your claims.
In academic writing, a citation must be well integrated into the body paragraph. The
following formula can help you integrate citations logically into your paragraphs as you
become a more sophisticated academic writer:
PARAGRAPH EXPLANATION
Connecting sentence, linking the citation
with the main idea
#1: TOPIC SENTENCE
Citation (You must include the Authors
surname and the year of publication for
#2: ELABORATION integral citations)
#4: ELABORATION
Question:
What theories and concepts have you read in this subject? And what theories and concepts
have you encountered in your further reading? Can you include any of them in your
reflection?
Type of citation
Integral Non-integral
Number of First citation in Subsequent First citation in Subsequent
authors text citations in text text citations in text
Chan (2010) Chan (2010)
One author (Chan, 2010) (Chan, 2010)
claims claims
Chan and Leung Chan and Leung
(Chan & Leung, (Chan & Leung,
Two authors (2010) suggest (2010) suggest
2010) 2010)
Tsui, Leung and
Tsui et al. (2010) (Tsui, Leung, & (Tsui et al.,
Three authors Collins (2010)
find Collins, 2010) 2010)
find
Wong, Lam,
Wong et al. (Wong, Lam,
Collins and (Wong et al.,
Four authors (2010) mention Collins, & Smith,
Smith (2010) 2010)
2010)
mention
Preston, Lee,
(Preston, Lee,
Chan, Smith and Preston et al. (Preston et al.,
Five authors Chan, Smith, &
Au (2010) report (2010) report 2010)
Au, 2010)
Six or more Finney et al. Finney et al. (Finney et al., (Finney et al.,
authors (2010) assert (2010) assert 2010) 2010)
Hong Kong
Groups (easily (Hong Kong
Housing
identified by HKHA (2008) Housing
Authority (HKHA, 2008)
abbreviation) as notes Authority
(HKHA, 2008)
authors [HKHA], 2008)
notes
Groups (no
Animals Asia Animals Asia (Animals Asia, (Animals Asia,
abbreviation) as
(2007) defines (2007) defines 2007) 2007)
authors
With page
number for Chan (2010, p. 15) claims (Chan, 2010, p. 15)
quotation
Type of
In-text references Reference list
source
Surname of author, Surname of author, initials. (Year). Title. City of
year of publication, publication: Publisher.
page number (for
direct quotations)
Books
Example:
Frankl (1964) Frankl, V. E. (1964). Man's search for meaning: An
maintains that ... introduction to logotherapy. London: Hodder &
Stoughton.
Electronic Example:
journals (with and this has been Lau, P. S. Y., & Wu, F. K. Y. (2012). Emotional competence
DOI) proposed by Lau as a positive youth development construct: A
and Wu (2012) who conceptual review. The Scientific World Journal,
2012. doi:10.1100/2012/975189
Newspaper Example:
(with author) Van der Kamp Van der Kamp, J. (2012, April 1). Just leasing more land
(2012) believes wont open up the property market. Sunday
that ... Morning Post, p. 15.