You are on page 1of 9

( ) 1998 1 4- 12 ,



1. 0
/
0 J. T homas 1996
,
G. Leech
, ,
,
2. 0
, :
a. /
0( K. Aijmer & B. Aitenberg, 1991, p. 1)
b. / 0( T . M cEnery & A.
Wilson, 1996, p. 1)
c. /
0( D.
Cryst al, 1991, p. 86)
, ,
: ,
, ,

3. 0
, ,
, :
3. 1
,
:
( 1) 19 70
,
, , W. Preyer W. Stern
, 30 ,

( 2) , , F. Boas
E. Sapir / 0,

* C. Dollerup ,

# 4 #
( 3) , 19
,
/ , ,
, 0( Francis, 1983: 49-
50) , 56/
,
056,
, ( ) , ,
, , 27 , 5 6
3. 2
1959 , R. Quirk / 0( Survey of English Usage)
,
N. Francis H. Kucera ,
1961 ) ( Brown Corpus)

3. 3
50 , , ,
, , Z. Harris
,
, , 1957 56
,
,
:
( 1) ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
,

( 2) , 56
, ,
, , ,
50
20 , , ,
R. Quirk N. Francis ,
, , , 1975 ,
J. Svartvik , R. Quirk
, , ) ( London- Lund Corpus) , G. Leech
0 80
( 1991: 9) / ,

4. 0
1998 1 # 5#
20 , 80 , , , :
4. 1
80 ,
, KDEM( Kurzweil Data Entry Machine)
, , ,
, J. Edwards
1993 , 80 50 , :
24 4 2 2
7 2 2 2
, , ,
:
( 1) ) / ( T he Lancaster- Oslo / Bergen, LOB) G. Leech
, 70 , 1983 ,
, :
( 2) ( Tresor de la Langue Francaise, T LF)
, 17 20 ,
1. 5 , , UNIX
( 3) ( The Helsinki Corpus of Historical English) M. Rissanen
850 1720
, , 1. 6 ,

( 4) ( T he International Corpus of English, ICE) 1988


,
, ,
1990 ) 1993 18

4. 2

:
1959 ) 1991 ( Johansson, 1991: 312)

1959 ) 1965 10
1966 ) 1970 20
1971 ) 1975 30
1976 ) 1980 80
1981 ) 1985 160
1986 ) 1991 320

( corpus) ( textbank) ,

# 6 #
, ,
, , ,

, ,
J. Svart vik( 1996) M. Halliday( 1991) ; G. T ot t ie( 1991)
J. Sinclair( 1985)
80 , , , :
( 1)
80 :
, ;
; ,

,
( 2) , 20 ,
, ; , ;
, ,
, , , 80 ,
,
, ,
, ? , , :
/ , , , ,
0
( M. Halliday 1991, p. 41)
/ , ,
0( G. L eech 1993, p. 106)

C. F illmore ,
:
/ : ,
,,[ ] , , ,
0( F illmore 1992, p. 32)
:
5. 0
5. 1
( corpus) , / 0 ( body )
, , ,
:
( 1)
( 2) , , ,
, , , ,

( 3) ,
: , , ,
1998 1 # 7#

, , , G. L eech( 1993)
:
( 1) ,
( 2) ,
( 3)
( 4) , ,
,
( 5) , ,
( 6) ,
( 7) ,
, ,
,
OCP ( Oxford Concordance Prog ram ) T EI ( T ex t Encoding
Init iative) , ,
T EI /
0( T he Brit ish Nat ional Corpus) / 0
, / 0( EAGLES)
, , ,
, ,

5. 2
, ,
, :
( 1) ( Dat a ret rieval model)
,
( 2) ( Symbiotic model)
, ,
, ,
:

: ,
, , :
, ,
,
# 8 #
( 3) ( Self_organizing model)
,
L. R. Bahl 1983 ,
/ 0
, ,
,
( 4) ( Discovery procedure model)
, ,

, ,

5. 3
/
0( Halliday 1991: 41- 42) ,

,
5. 3. 1
: , ,
,
,
, ,

, :
( 1)
,
, ,
( 2) ,
? , Knowles( 1991) ,
Wichmann( 1989)
,
( 3) Wichm ann( 1989) , T he L ancast er / IBM Spoken
English Corpus , Crystal &
Davy( 1969) ,
,
5. 3. 2
, ,

, ,

5. 3. 3
1998 1 # 9#

,

50
, 80 ,
,
,
N ijmegen J. Aarts ,
, ,
, ,

5. 3. 4
:
( 1) , Mindt( 1991) , , ,
,
, ,

( 2) ,
, , ,
,

5. 3. 5
,
, ,

6. 0
, ,
J. Sv artv ik( 1992) / , , ; ,
, 0T . M cEnery( 1996)

,
, :
( 1) 90 , ,
,
, , ,
, 1989
, / 0( SCDJD) , 22 ,
19 , 3
, , M. Short( 1996)
, ,
# 10 #
, Wilson( 1996)

( 2) ,
, , G.
Leech( 1992) , :
a. , Johansson( 1982)
Sampson( 1987b)
b. / 0, ,

c. , ;

d. , , ,
;
( 3) / ,
0( Leech, 1992a: 106) ,
( )
,
,


A ar ts, J. and M eijs, W. ( eds) ( 1984) , Corp us L inguistics , A mster dam: Rodopi.
A ar ts, J. and M eijs, W. ( eds) ( 1990) , T heory and Pr actice in Corp us Linguis tics , Amsterdam: Rodopi.
A ar ts, J. , de Haan, P. and Oostdijk, N . ( eds ) ( 1993 ) , English L anguage Corp or a: D esign, A nalysis and
Ex p loitation, Amsterdam: Rodopi.
A ilmer, K . and Altenberg, B. ( eds) ( 1991) , E nglish Cor p us L inguistics: Studies in Honour of Jan Sv ar tvik, L ondon:
Longman.
A ltenberg, B. ( 1991) , A bibliography of publications r elating to English computer cor pora, in Johansson and
Stenstrom ( eds) 1991.
Biber, D. ( 1993b) , Representativ eness in Corpus Design, Liter ary and L inguistic Comp uting 8( 4) : 243- 57.
Chomsky, N . ( 1957) , S nytactic Str uctures , T he Hag ue: M outon.
Chomsky, N . ( 1962) , Paper given at the University of T ex as 1958, 3rd T exas Conference on Problems of L inguistic
A nalysis in English, Austin: U niv. of T ex as.
Chomsky, N . ( 1965) , A sp ects of the T heory of Sy ntax , Cambridge, M A: M IT Pr ess.
Chomsky, N . ( 1988 ) , Gener at ive Gr ammar: Its Basis, Dev elo pment and P rospects, K yoto: K yoto University of
Foreign Studies.
Church, K. W. ( 1991) , Review of J. A ar ts & W. M eijs ( eds) , T heory and P ractice in Cor pus Linguistics,
Co mp utational L inguistics 17, pp. 99- 103.
de Haan, P. and van Hout , R. ( 1986) , Statistics and corpus analysis, in Aarts, J. and M eijs, W . 1986, pp. 79- 97.
Edw ards, J. A. and L amper t, M . D. ( eds) ( 1993) , T alking Data: T r anscr ip tion and Coding in Discour se Resear ch ,
Hillsdale, NJ: L awrence Er lbaum Associates.
F illmor e, C. J. ( 1992) , Cor pus linguistics ( Computer_aided ar mchair linguistics) , in J. Svar tvik 1992, pp. 35- 60.
F rancis, N . ( 1980) , A tagged corpus_problems and pr ospects, in G reenbaum et al. ( eds) 1980: 192- 209. New Yor k:
L ong man.
1998 1 # 11 #
F rancis, N . ( 1983) , Dialectology : A n I ntr oduction, Longman Gr oup L td.
F ries, U . et. al( eds) ( 1994) , Cr eating and Using English Language Cor p or a, A mster dam: Rodopi.
G arside, R. , Leech, G. and Sampson, G . ( eds) ( 1987) , T he Comp utational A nalysis of Englis h: A Cor p us_based
A p p roach , L ongman.
G ellerstam, M . ( ed) ( 1988) , Studies in Comp uter _aided L ex icology . Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International.
Halliday, M . A. K . ( 1991) , Corpus studies and pr obabilistic grammar, in Aijimer and A ltenberg 1991, pp. 30- 43.
Halliday, M . A. K. ( 1992) , Language as syst em and languag e as instance: T he corpus as a theoret ical constr uct, in J.
Svartvik ( ed) , 1992.
Harris, Z. ( 1951) , Methods in Str uctur al L inguistics , Chicago : U niversity of Chicago P resss.
Johansson, S. ( ed) ( 1982) , Comp uter Corp ora in English Resear ch, Ber gen: N orw eg ian Computing Certre for the
Humanities.
K no wles, G. ( 1991) , Prosodic labelling : the problem of tone group boundar ies, in Johansso n and Stenstro m 1991, pp.
149- 63.
K yto , M . , Rissanen, M . and Wright , S. ( eds) ( 1994) , Corp ora acr oss the Centuries , Amsterdam: Rodpopi.
L eech, G. ( 1992) , Co rpora and theories of linguistic performance, in J. Svartvik 1992, pp. 105- 22.
L eech , G . ( 1993) , Corpus annotation schemes, Liter ary and L inguistic Comp uting 8( 4) : 275- 81.
L eitner , G. ( ed) ( 1992) , N ew Dimensions in English Language Cor p or a, Berlin: M outon de Gr uyter.
M cEnery, A . and Wilson, A . ( 1993) , T he role of cor pora in computer_assisted language lear ning, in Comp uter
A ssisted Language Lear ning 6( 3) : 233- 48.
M cEnery T . and Wilson, A. ( 1996) , Corp us L inguistics , Edinburgh U niversity Pr ess.
M eijs, W . ( ed) ( 1987) , Cor p us L inguistics and Bey ond , Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Quirk, R. ( 1992) , On corpus principles and design, in J. Svartvik ( ed) , 1992, pp. 457- 469.
R issanen, M . ( 1989) , T hree problems connected w ith the use of diachronic corpora, in ICA M E Jour nal 13: 16- 19.
Schmied, J. ( 1993) , Q ualitativ e and quantitative research approaches to English relat ive constructions, in Souter and
Atw ell 1993, pp. 85- 69.
Sinclair, J. ( 1982) , Reflections on computer corpo ra in English language research, in Johansson( ed) 1982: 1- 6.
Sinclair, J. and K irby, M . ( 1990) P rogressoin Eng lish computational lexicography , World Englishes, 9, 21- 36.
Sout er, C. ( 1993) , T ow ar ds a standard format for parsed corpora, in Aarts, de Haan and Oostdijk 1993, 197- 212.
Sout er, C. and A twell, E. ( eds) ( 1993) , Cor p us Based Comp utational L inguistics . Amsterdam: Rodpopi.
Stubbs, M . ( 1996) , T ex t and Cor p us A nalysis, Blackw ell.
Svartv ik, J. ( ed) ( 1990) , T he L ondon_L und Corp us of Sp oken English, Lund: L und U niversity Press.
Svartv ik, J. ( ed) ( 1992) , Directions in Cor p us L inguistics, Berlin: M outon de G ruyter.
T homas, J. and Sho rt, M . ( eds) ( 1996) , Using Corp ora f or L anguage Research, L ondon: Longman.
Wichmann, A ( 1989) , T one of Voice: A Stylis tic A p p roach to I ntonation, L ancaster Papers in L ing uist ics, 70.

: Copenhagen U niversity Engelsk Inst itut , Njalsgade 80DK - 2300, Copenhagen,


Denmark
E- mail: x inshan @ coco. ihi. ku. dk

# 12 #

You might also like