Title:

F4- Impact of Jet

INTRODUCTION

The basic principles the impact of jet is the flow of water through the nozzle with velocity. A nozzle is a
device used to accelerate a fluid with various types of shapes such as flat, hemisphere and cone. With
different shape of nozzle, the velocity for the water flow rate will be varies (Munson, Young, Okiishi and
Huebsch, 2010).Impact of jet is generally used to generate electricity power for water turbines. The wheel
tangentially will hit by the water jet to turn the turbines. The impact of water jets created torque on wheel
to turn the turbines for generation power. In order to know how this force relates to the rate of momentum
flow in the jet.

Hence by using hydraulic bench produces a high velocity jet of water which hits the three different types of
test plates which are flat plate, conical and hemispherical cup and then compare this to the momentum flow
rate in the jet. With jockey weight attached to the lever and test plate, it allowed measurement of force
generated by impact of vane(Introduction, n.d., para. 1).

In this experiment, the force generated by a jet of water striking a flat plate, cone-shaped cup and a
hemispherical cup is measured, and compare the results with the computed momentum flow rate in the jet.

Objective:

To determine maximum value of force generated by a jet striking a flat plate, cone or a hemispherical cup.

Apparatus:

Impact of jet apparatus

 Figure F4 1 Arrangement for Impact of Jet Apparatus
Figure F4 1 shows the arrangement, in which water supplied from the Hydraulic Bench is fed to a
vertical pipe terminating in a tapered nozzle. This produces a jet of water, which impinges on a
vane, in the form of a flat plate or a hemispherical cup. The nozzle and vane are contained within a
transparent cylinder, and at the base of the cylinder there is an outlet from which the flow is
directed to the measuring tank of the bench. As indicated in Figure F4 1, a lever that carries a
jockey weight, which is restrained by a light spring, supports the vane. The lever may be set to a
balanced position (as indicated by a tally supported from it) by placing the jockey weight at its zero
position, and adjusting the knurled above the spring. Any force generated by impact of the vane
may now be measured by moving the jockey weight along the lever until the tally shows that it has
been restored to its original balanced position.

Procedure:

1. The apparatus was levelled first and the lever brought to the balanced position (as indicated by the
tally), with the jockey weight at its zero position.
2. The weight of the jockey and the following dimensions: diameter of the nozzle, height of the vane
above the tip of the nozzle when the lever is balanced and distance from the lever to the center of
the vane were noted and recorded.
3. Water was admitted through the bench supply valve and the flow rate was increased to the
maximum.
4. The jockey weight was slid along the lever to restore the lever balanced position.
5. The mass flow rate was established by collection of water over a timed interval.
6. Further observations were made at a number reducing flow rates and 6 readings was taken and
recorded.
7. The experiment was repeated for 3 times, first with the flat plate, cone and then with the
hemispherical cup.