A NAME IN CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS XI & XII (CBSE & ICSE BOARD)

IIT (MAINS & ADVANCED) /NEET/AIIMS/JIPMER/uptU

SOLVED NUMERICALS 3
q 2 10 100 = 20 + 150 = 170 C
2
Ex.1 What will be the number of electron passing through a
heater wire in one minute, if it carries a current of 8 A. Ex.5 Current through a wire decreases from 4 A to zero in 10
ne It 8 60 sec. Calculate charge flown through the wire during this
Sol. I n 3 1021 electrons interval of time.
t e 1.6 1019
Ex.2 An electron moves in a circle of radius 10 cm. with a Sol. charge flown = average current time
constant speed of 4 106 m/sec. find the electric current 4 0
= 10 20C
at a point on the circle. 2
Sol. Consider a point A on the circle. The electron crosses
this point once in every revolution. CHECK YOUR LEARNING SKILLS
Q.1 In hydrogen atom, the electron makes 6.62 1015
revolutions/sec. around the nucleus in an orbit of radius
0.5 . Calculate the equivalent current. [Ans. 103 A]
Q.2 The diameter of a copper wire is 2mm, if a steady
A
e current of 6.25 A is caused by 8.5 1028/m3 electrons
flowing throught it. Calculate the drift velocity of
The number of revolutions made by electron in one second is conduction electrons. [Ans. 0.15mm/sec]
v 4 106 2 Q.3 A silver wire 1mm diameter carries a charge of 90
n 2
107 rot./sec. coulombs in 1 hours and 15 minutes. Silver contains
2r 2 10 10
5.8 1028 free electrons per cm3. Find the current in wire
ne 2 and drift velocity of the electron.
Current I 107 1.6 1019 ( t = 1 sec.)
t [Ans. 0.02 A 2.74 1012 m/sec]
3.2 Q.4 In hydrogen atom, the electron moves in an orbit of
1012 1 1012 A radius 5 1011 m with a speed of 2.2 106 m/sec.

Ex.3 A current of 1.34 A exists in a copper wire of cross - Calculate the equivalent current. [Ans. 1.12 mA]
section 1.0 mm2. Assuming each copper atom contributes Q.5 Determine the total momentum of electrons in a straight
one free electron. Calculate the drift speed of the free wire of length = 1000m carrying a current I = 70A.
electrons in the wire. The density of copper is [Ans. 0.4 106 N.sec]
8990 kg/m3 and atomic mass = 63.50. Q.6 The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is 5 kV
Sol. Mass of 1m3 volume of the copper is = 8990 kg = 8990 and the current through it is 3.2 mA. What is the number
103 g of electrons striking the target per second.
8990 103 [Ans. 2 1016]
Number of moles in 1m3 1.4 105 Q.7 10,000 alpha particles per minute passing through a
63.5
straight tube of radius r. What is the resulting electric
Since each mole contains 6 1023 atoms therefore current ? [Ans. 0.5 1016 A]
number of atoms in 1m3
n = (1.4 105) (6 1023) SOLVED NUMERICALS
= 8.4 1028 Ex.6 The resistance 4 R, 16 R, 64 R ... are connected in
i = neAvd series. Find their equivalent resistnce.
i 1.34 Sol. Resultant of the given combination
vd = Req = 4R + 16R + 64R + ... =
neA 8.4 10 1.6 1019 106
28

Ex.7 Resistance R, 2R, 4R, 8R ... are connected in parallel.

(1 mm2 = 106 m2 )
What is their resultant resistance will be
= 10 m/sec.
4
1 1 1 1 1
Sol. ............
= 0.1 mm/sec. Req R 2R 4R 8R
Ex.4 The current through a wire depends on time as
1 1 1 1 1 2
1 ...
R 2 4 R 1 1 R
i =(2 + 3t)A. Calculate the charge crossed through a cross

section of the wire in 10 sec.
2
dq
Sol. i dq = (2 + 3t)dt 1

2
R eq
R
dt R eq R 2
q 10 10
3t 2

0
dq
0
(2 3t)dt q 2t
2 0

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A NAME IN CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS XI & XII (CBSE & ICSE BOARD)
IIT (MAINS & ADVANCED) /NEET/AIIMS/JIPMER/uptU
Ex.8 In the given circuit calculate potential difference between 20 X Y
the points P and Q.
8V 12V
1 2 120V
P Q 20

I
9 Sol. Circuit is open No current
KVL from X to Y
Sol. Applying Kirchhoff's voltage law VX 120 = VY VX VY = 120V
Ex.11 A wire of L = 10-6 / m is turned in the form of a circle
I + 8 12 + 2 I + 9 I = 0 of diameter 2 m. A piece of same material is connected in
1 diameter AB. Then find resistnce in between A and B.
I= A
3
R1 r
potential difference between the points P and
1 R2
Q 9 3 volt. 2r
3 A B

or Vp + I + 8 12 + 2 I = VQ Vp VQ = 3 volt. R3 r

Ex.9 In the given circuit calculate potential difference between Sol. R = L length

A and B R1 x 10-6 , R2 = 2 10-6 , R3 = x 10-6

1 1 1 1
= 0.88 x 10-6 ohm.
R AB 106 2 106 106
Ex.12 In the following circuit diagram, the galvanometer
reading is zero. If the internal resistance of cells are negligible
2V 4V 4V then what is the value of X ?
2 3 3 5
a
G
400 Ig
A B I
10V X

Sol. First applying KVL on left mesh I

2 3 I1 2 I1 = 0 b
I1 = 0.4 amp.
10
Now applying KVL on right mesh. Sol. Ig = 0 I=
400 + X
also potential difference accros X is 2V IX=2

2V 4V 4V 10 X 10
2 ( I ) X = 100
2 3 3 5 400 X 400 X
Ex.13 Each resistance is of 1 in the circuit diagram shown
in figure. Find out equivalent resistance between A and B.
I1 I2
A B

4 5 I2 3 I2 = 0
I2 = 0.5 amp. A B
Potential difference between points A and B

VA + 3 I1 + 4 3 I2 = VB Sol. By symmetric line method
VA VB = 3 (0.4) 4 + 3 (0.5) RAB = (2 + 1 2) 2 =
= 3.7 volt.
Ex.10 What is the potential difference between X and Y.

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A NAME IN CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS XI & XII (CBSE & ICSE BOARD)
IIT (MAINS & ADVANCED) /NEET/AIIMS/JIPMER/uptU
CHECK YOUR LEARNING SKILLS Q.7 In the following figure what is the resultant resistance
between A and C ?
Q.1 The reading of a galvanometer connected in the circuit is
Zero. If the internal resistance of a battery is zero then find r
the value of X. [Ans. 250] A B r
r r r C

500 Up to n r
G
Up to n
X
6V 2V r
n2 1
[Ans. R AC r ]
Q.2 What is the reading of ammeter is adjoining circuit n
diagram. Q.8 Figure represents a part of a closed circuit. What is the
potential difference between points A and B (VA VB) ?
3V
A 2A 2 1 B
2 2V 2 2
A [Ans. + 9V]
2V
Q.9 If a copper wire is stretched to make 0.1% thinner, then
what is the percentage increase in resistance. [Ans. 0.4%]
2
A][Ans.
3
Q.10 What is the smallest resistance that can be obtained by ten
Q.3 For the following circuit what is the potential difference
1 1
between X and Y ? resistors : [Ans. ]
10 100
2 2
Y SOLVED NUMERICALS
2V
Ex.14 A battery of e.m.f. 2 volt and internal resistance 0.1 is
2 2
being charged with a current of 5 A. Calculate the
potential difference between terminal of the battery.
2 2 Sol. Potential drop across internal resistance
X 2
[Ans. volt]
3 = Ir = 0.1 5 = 0.5 V
Hence potential difference across terminals
Q.4 What is the value of current I in the following circuit ? V = E + Ir = 2 + 0.5 = 2.5 volt.
Ex.15 A battery of six cells each of e.m.f. 2 V and internal
4A 2A resistance 0.5 is being charged by D. C. mains of e.m.f.
I 220 V by using an external resistance of 10 . What will
be the charging current.
3A 1.3A [Ans. 3.7 A]

Q.5 For following circuit what is the value of total resistance 6 cells 3
between X and Y ? [Ans. 2R]
220V
10
R R R R
X

Sol.16 Net e.m.f of the battery = 12V and total

Y
R R R R internal resistance = 3

Total resistance of the circuit = 3 + 10 = 13
Q.6 Two wires of the same metal has the same length but their Net e.m.f. 220 12
cross section areas are in the ratio 3 :1. They are joined in series. 16 A
total resis tan ce 13
The resistance of the thiner wire is 10 . Then what will be the
total resistance of the combination ? [Ans. 40 ]

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A NAME IN CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS XI & XII (CBSE & ICSE BOARD)
IIT (MAINS & ADVANCED) /NEET/AIIMS/JIPMER/uptU
Ex.17 A battery of six cells each of e.m.f. 2 V and internal Ex.20 n rows each containing m cells in series, are joined in
resistance 0.5 is being charged by D. C. mains of e.m.f. parallel. Maximum current is taken from this combination
220 V by using an external resistance of 10 . What is in a 3 resistance. If the total number of cells used is 24
the potential difference across the battery ? and internal resistance of each cell is 0.5 , find the
value of m and n.
Sol In case of charging of battery, terminal potential V = E + Ir
= 12 + 16 3 =60 volt. Sol. Total number of cell mn = 24
mr
Ex.18 Four identical cells each of e.m.f. 2V and joined in parallel For maximum current R 0.5 m = 3 n
n
providing supply of current to external circuit consisting of
3n
two 15 resistors joined in parallel. The terminal voltage m 6n
of the equivalent cell as read by an ideal voltmeter is 0.5
1.6V calculate the internal resistance of each cell. 6n n = 24 n = 2
r
and m 2 = 24 m = 12
E
Ex.21 The e.m.f. of a cell is 6 volt. When 2 ampere current is
drawn from it then the potential difference across its
E r
terminal remains 3 volt. Its internal resistance.
EV 63
E r Sol. Internal resistance r 1.5
I 2
E r
CHECK YOUR LEARNING SKILLS
15
Q.1 A cell of e.m.f 2V and internal resistance 0.1 is being
15 charged by a current of 5A. Calculate the potential
difference between the terminals of the cells.
r [Ans. 2.5V]
Sol. Total internal resistance of the combination req =
4
Total e.m.f. Eeq = 2V Q.2 To get a maximum current in an external resistance of
8. One can use m rows of n cells (connected in series),
r connected in parallel. If the total number of cells is 64
E 4 each having an e.m.f. of 2 V and internal resistance of
2 then calculate the number of cells in each row and
1.6V number of rows. [Ans. n = 16, m = 4]

Q.3 Four identical cells each having e.m.f. E, internal

7.5 resistance r are connected as shown in figure. Find the
potential difference between :(i) A and B (ii) A and C
15 15 15
Total external resistance R 7.5
15 15 2
Current drawn from equivalent cell B
terminal potential 1.6
I A
external resistance 7.5
r 1.6 r A C
E I 1.6 2 1.6
4 7.5 4
r = 7.5
Q.4 A battery of 10 cells each of e.m.f. E = 1.5 V and internal
Ex.19 The e.m.f. of a primary cell is 2 V, when it is shorted then resistance 0.5 has 1 cell wrongly connected. It is being
it gives a current of 4 A. Calculate internal resistance of charged by 220 V power supply with an external
primary cell. resistance of 47 in series. The potential difference
E across the battery .
Sol. I
rR
Q.5 A battery of 20 cells (each having e.m.f. 1.8V and internal
If cell is shorted then R = 0
resistance 0.1) is charged by 220 volts and the
E E 2
I r = 0.5 charging current is 15A. Calculate the resistance to be put
r I 4
in the circuit [Ans. 10.27

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A NAME IN CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS XI & XII (CBSE & ICSE BOARD)
IIT (MAINS & ADVANCED) /NEET/AIIMS/JIPMER/uptU
Q.6 In the given circuit, calculate the value of current in 4.5 joined in a line of 110 volt, it reads 5 volt. What is the
resistor and indicate its direction. Also calculate potential magnitude of resistance R ?
difference across each cell. Sol. When voltmeter connected in 110 volt line,
[Ans. I = 0.5A, anticlockwise CDABC E1= 4.25V, E2 = 7.5V] 110
Current through the voltmeter I
(20 103 R)
E1 E2
The potential difference across the voltmeter V = IRV
D 4V 8V C
110 20 103
0.5 1.0 5
(20 103 R)
3
4.5 20 103 + R = 440 103
6
A B R = 420 103

Ex.25 When a shunt of 4 is attached to a galvanometer, the

SOLVED NUMERICALS
deflection reduces to th. If an additional shunt of 2 is
Ex.22 In the adjoining network of resistors each is of resistance attached. What will be the deflection ?
r . Find the equivalent resistance between point A and
I I
B.
C I
4I 5 G
r 5
r r

AB S=4
r r
D E
Sol. Initial condition

Sol. Given circuit is balanced Wheatstone Bridge I I' I I I' I

C C 4 G G
r r (II') (II') 4
B B 3
r r
r 2
r r
r A r A
D D When shunt of 4 used
I 4
1 1 1 1 G I 4 G = 16
RAB = r 5 5
R AB 2r 2r r
When additional shunt of 2used
Ex.23 For the following diagram the galvanometer shows zero 4
I' 16 = (I I')
deflection then what is the value of R ? 3
I
R 12 I' = I I' I' =
10 13
0 0
10 it will reduce to
I
of the initial deflection.
13
G
20 Ex.26 A galvanometer having 30 divisions has current
0
40 sensitivity of 20A/division. It has a resistances of 25 .
(i) How will you convert it into an ammeter measuring up to
E K
1 ampere.
(ii) How will you convert this ammeter into a voltmeter up to
Sol. For balanced Wheatstone bridge 1 volt.
100 200 100 R
5 Sol The current required for full scale deflection Ig = 20 A
100R 40 R
30 = 600 A = 6 104A
(100 R)
100 (i) To convert it into ammeter, a shunt is required is
100 + R = 5 R R 25 parallel with it
4
Ex.24 A 100 volt voltmeter whose resistance is 20 k is
connected in series to a very high resistance R. When it is

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A NAME IN CONCEPTS OF PHYSICS XI & XII (CBSE & ICSE BOARD)
IIT (MAINS & ADVANCED) /NEET/AIIMS/JIPMER/uptU
Ig R g
shunt resistance R 'S 2r Ni
(I I g ) r
Cu
6 10 4
25 0.015
4
1 6 10
L
(ii) To convert galvanometer into voltmeter, a high
Sol. R=
resistance in series with it is required A
V 1
series resistance R R g 25 Resistance of copper wire RCu = c ( A = r2)
ig 6 104 r 2
= 1666.67 25 = 1641.67 Resistance of Nickel wire ANi = (2r)2 r2 = 3r2
CHECK YOUR LEARNING SKILLS RNi = n
3r2
Q.1 A galvanometer of resistance 100 gives full scale Both wire are connected in parallel. So equivalent
deflection for 10mA current. What should be the value of R cu R ni cu ni
shunt, so that it can measure a current of 100mA? resistance R
R cu R ni 3cu ni r 2
[Ans. 11.11]
Q.2 The resistance of a moving coil galvanometer is 20. It Ex.29 For the given network calculate current I and I2.
requires 0.01A current for full scale
deflection. Calculate the value of resistance required to I2
2 3
convert it into a voltmeter of range 20 volt.
[Ans. 1980] 1
SOLVED NUMERICALS
2
Ex.27 There is a definite potential difference between the two I
3
ends of a potentiometer. Two cells are connected in such
1
a way that first time help each other, and second time
they oppose each other. They are balanced on the 10V
potentiometer wire at 120 cm and 60 cm length
respectively. Compare the electromotive force of the cells.
Sol. Suppose the potential gradient along the potentiometer Sol. KVL in loop (ABDA)
wire = x B
and the emf's of the two cells are E1 and E2.
I2
When the cells help each other, the resultant emf = (E 1 + 2 3
E2) I1
A 1 I1I2 C
E1 + E2 =x 120 cm. ......(i) II1
II1+I2
When the cells oppose each other, the resultant emf = (E1
3 2
E2) I I
E1 E2 = x 60 cm. ......(ii) E D 1
From equation (i) and (ii)
10V
E1 E2 120 cm 2
2I1 I2 + 3(I I1) = 0
E1 E2 60cm 1
5I1 + I2 = 3I ............... (1)
or E1 + E2 = 2(E1 E2) KVL in loop (BCDB)
E1 3 3(I1 I2) + 2(I I1 + I2) + I2 = 0
or 3E2 = E1 or
E2 1
5I1 6I2 = 2I ............... (2)
Ex.28 A copper wire of length and radius r is nickel plated By subtracting (2) from (1)
till its final radius is 2r. If the resistivity of the copper and I 4I
7 I2 = I I2 = and also I1 =
nickle are c and n, then find the equivalent resistance of 7 7
KVL in loop (ABCA via battery)
wire?
2I1 3(I1 I2) I + 10 = 0
35 5
I= A & I2 =
12 12

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