CSP deployement in Spain: A long way to succeed

Growth of Solar Power

Technologies in Spain
Š PV technology already in the market with
around 4 GW installed. Special care is to be
taken with CSP, now !!

Š First demonstration projects in the early

80’s: Eurelios (Italy), Plataforma Solar de
Almería ((Spain),
p ), Solar One & Two
J lián Blanco / Eduardo
Julián Ed ardo Zarza/
Zar a/ Diego Martínez
Martíne (USA)….but the 90’s were a ‘blackout’
CIEMAT-PSA period.
5th July , 2010
Š Solar thermal power plants were not
included at the first ‘feed-in tariff’ law for
renewables in year 1998 (R.D. 2818/1998).
Š R.D. 436/2004 already established a
suitable framework for both, promoters
and banks, then the ‘booming’ started….
Š R.D. 661/2007 confirmed the favourable
scenario.

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM

Manila, 5th July, 2010

HOW DOES IT WORK ? Solar Thermal Power Plants: 2D

•Direct Solar Radiation is a POWER per AREA unit (W/m2).

Absorber
•It reaches Earth’s surface in a large amount, but with very low density, I < 1.000 Tube Curved
mirror
W/m2.
Absorber tube and

•It’s necessary to concentrate it by collecting a large amount of power with a reconcentrator

large mirror surface and then reflecting it on a much smaller one. This way we Curved mirror

can reach energy densities in the order of MW/m2. Pipe with

thermal fluid
•That is possible with parabolic or spherical mirrors.

Parabolic troughs
Linear Fresnel reflector

Solar Thermal Power Plants: 3D

Royal Decree 661/2007 Subsidy options

Receiver / Engine Solar

Receiver
Reflector
The installations belonging to the special regime will be able to
transfer to the grid the net generated electricity: all the generated
electricity less the electricity self-consumption of the generation
system.

This installations will receive a sort of subsidy (feed-in tariff),

Heliostats b i the
being h incomes
i according
di to one of
f the
h following
f ll i two options:
i
a) Transfering the electricity to the system through
Parabolic dishes Central Receiver the grid, earning a fixed tariff for the electricity,
constant in every period, expresed in c€/kw·h.

b) Selling the electricity in the market of energy

production. In this case, the selling price will be
the result of the negotiation in the electricity
market, and a premium in c€/kw·h.

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1
 ROYAL DECREE 661/2007 FEED--IN TARIFF: The way it works
FEED

Total tariff
Tariffs RD 661/2007 (c€/kWh)
1. Constant Premium
Reference
Fixed Tariff Top Bottom
Group Subgroup Power Period Premium
c€/kWh c€/kWh c€/kWh Total tariff
c€/kWh 2. Premium decreases
The first 25 years 44,0381 Cap
P< 100 kW
From then 35,2305
The first 25 years 41,7500
34,39
b.1.1. 100 kW < P < 10 MW
From then 33 4000
33,4000 3 No Premium
3.
b.1.
The first 25 years 22,9764 Fixed tariff Tariff equals pool prize
10 MW < P < 50 MW Premium
From then 18,3811
The first 25 years 26,9375 25,4000 26,93
b.1.2. 34,3976 25,4038
From then 21,5498 20,3200
25,40

Key point: Courtesy:

Floor Iberdrola
No retroactivity: tariffs and premiums can decrease over time as Renovables
technology improves and cost decrease, but for projects already
launched, approved subsidies never change.
0 9,2951 34,39 ‘Pool prize’ (c€/kWh)

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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DMM1

Royal Decree 661/2007 Use of back-up Royal Decree 661/2007 Hybridization

boiler
Group b.1. Installations using solar energy as raw energy. This group It is admitted the possibility of hybridizations of several biofuels
is divided into two subgroups: and several technologies.
Hybridization Type 2: installation of the subgroup b.1.2 that
• Subgroup b.1.1. Installations that only use solar radiation
additionaly incorporates 1 or more of the principal fuels for the
as raw energy through photovoltaic technology.
groups:
• Subgroup b.1.2. Installations that only use thermal - B.6: Biomass proceeding from energetic crops, wastes of the
processes to transform solar energy, as raw energy, in agricultural activities
activities, gardening or forest exploitation.
exploitation
electricity.
- B.7: Biofuel or biogas proceeding from the anaerobic
digestion of agricultural and cattle wastes, of
• Important: This installations will be able to use fossil
biodegradable wastes of industrial installations or sludge
fuels to mantain the temperature of the thermal fluid to
of waste water treatment, as well as the recovered biomass
balance the loss of solar radiation that could affect to
in the controlled dumps.
the predicted generation.
The electricity generated from this fuel must be lower, in - B.8: Biomass proceeding from industrial installations
the yearly balance, to the 12 % of the total production of The electrical generation
(agricultural, from and
forest biomass
paper).must be lower, in the yearly
electricity if the installation sells in fixed tariff, or to balance, to the 50 % of the total production of electricity, and
the 15 % if sells the energy to the market. will be paid according to the tariff or premium of the fuel.
FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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Result: Solar Photovoltaic I

Royal Decree 661/2007 Maintenance of tariffs and premiums

X 10 !!!
•The National Comission of Energy (CNE) established an information Photovoltaic Capacity Installed (MW)
system through its web page, showing in each moment and for each
technology, the total power with the definitive registration in the 3000
administrative register of installations of energy production in
special regime. 2500

•This information system shows the degree of securing of the power 2000
objectives of Renewable Energy Plan 2005-2010: 371 MW for
1500
photovoltaic and 500 MW for thermoelectric, the monthly evolution, as
85% of the objective
well as the estimated time to achieve the aim. 1000
REP objective
• Once it is reached 85 per cent of the aim of power for a group or 500
subgroup, it is established the period, not lower than 12 months,
during which those installations that are registered in the 0
administrative register of installations of production in special September 2007 September 2008
regime will have right to the premium or fixed tariff.

ƒInstallations out of time, will be considered to fix the new objectives of

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM 12
power for the Renewable Energies
Manila, 5th July, 2010 Plan 2011-2020. 11

2
Slide 9

DMM1 Encabezados
Daniel Morales Muñoz, 6/20/2007
 Royal Decree-Law 6/2009: Conditions to enter
Other Renewables
the Pre-assignment Register

• In order to support the sustainable growth of  • Have grid access and connection point for the facility’s rated 
the rest of the renewable energies, the  capacity
Government approved in 2009 Royal Decree‐ • Have government permits and building licenses
Law 6/2009: • Have own economic resources or sufficient financing to 
– Establishes a register called pre‐assignment register  undertake at least 50% of the facility investment
for all technologies except for photovoltaic
for all technologies except for photovoltaic. • Have reached a purchasing agreement signed by the 
Have reached a purchasing agreement signed by the
– To get the feed‐in tariff it is necessary to be included  promoter and equipment manufacturers for an amount equal 
in the pre‐assignment register. to at least 50% of the total value of the installation as listed in 
– Main aims: the project.
• Legal security for investors. • Have received a favorable report on use of water from the 
• Sustained growth of the different technologies. competent authority
• Higher efficiency by gradually adjusting the premiums.  • Have deposited a 100€/kW bank guarantee in the AGE 
Government Depository.

13 14

Current situation CURRENT SITUATION Breakdown of power/year

2.500 2.471
ACUMULADO
CUMULATIVE (MW)
(MW)
ANNUAL
ANUAL(MW)
(MW) 2.028
• 338 projects (9.050,8 MW) have been registered under the  2.000
new system:

– Wind: 6.389, 04 MW 1.500 1.378

– Solar thermoelectric: 2 339 89 MW
Solar thermoelectric: 2.339, 89 MW November 2009
– Cogeneration: 154, 49 MW
1.000
– Biomass: 87, 92 MW 746 650
– Hydro: 42, 94 MW 632
– Biogas: 36, 56 MW 443
500 400
232
171
11 11 11 0 61 50
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

15 SOURCE: IDAE 16

STATUS:: 9 plants in operation (332 MW)

STATUS
MAIN ACTIVE COMPANIES IN SPAIN 25 plants under construction (1217 MW)
2339 MW foreseen till 2013

Main companies seriously working on CSP projects in Spain are:

ƒ Abengoa ƒ Eufer
ƒ ACS-Cobra ƒ Florida Power and Light
ƒ Acciona ƒ Grupo Hernando
ƒ Agni ƒ Iberdrola
ƒ Albiasa ƒ Ibereólica Solar
ƒ Aries ƒ Prosolar
ƒ Capital Energy ƒ SAMCA
ƒ Endesa ƒ Sener
ƒ Enerstar ƒ Solar Millennium
ƒ Enhol ƒ Valoriza (Sacyr Vallehermoso +
ƒ Epuron Solel)

Many ongoing projects promoted by these companies can be affected by

the current international financial situation, delaying their setup.
For further info, please visit: www.protermosolar.com
FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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 First Power Tower in Spain: PS10
A supporting factor: the PLATAFORMA SOLAR DE ALMERÍA
Steam Turbine
PSA is one of the biggest and most complete existing facilities to the 11.0MWe
40 bar, 250ºC

≈
research, testing and development of solar technologies and applications Solar receiver Steam
»
Drum

SATURATED STEAM
•Conservative
approach
•Limited capacity Steam Storage System
factor
Condenser
0,06 bar, 50ºC

Heliostat Field

Further info: www.psa.es

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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ABENGOA STATUS ABENGOA STATUS

PS 10
Experimental area PS20: Inaugurated on 23 September 2009
PS20
PS 20

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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PROTERMO
S LAR ACS--COBRA STATUS
ACS
Cobra is building three plants and has the objective to operate eight CSP plants
with a total capacity of 400 MW within five years

ANDALUCIA EXTREMADURA

ANDASOL-1 EXTRESOL-1
ANDASOL-2 EXTRESOL-2

manchasol-1,2
manchasol 12 ANDASOL-4
ANDASOL 4 EXTRESOL-3
EXTRESOL 3
ANDASOL-3
extresol1,2,3
ANDASOL-5 CASTILLA-LA MANCHA
ANDASOL-6
ANDASOL-7 MANCHASOL-1
MANCHASOL-2

andasol-1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Objective 2012: 400 MW on operation

Solnova 1, PS 10 and PS 20
FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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 PROTERMO

ACS--COBRA STATUS
ACS S LAR

ƒ ANDASOL-1: In operation
ƒ ANDASOL-2: Commissioning
ƒ EXTRESOL-1: Inaugurated
ƒ EXTRESOL-2: in construction
ƒ MANCHASOL-1: in construction
(228
228 M€
M€)

EXTRESOL-1 plant
in Torre de Miguel
Sesmero (Badajoz)

ANDASOL 1 and ANDASOL 2

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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PROTERMO

Plant ANDASOL-1 S LAR

1st July, 2009

EXTRESOL 1

Slide 27

ACS-Cobra Inauguration of EXTRESOL-I ACS--COBRA STATUS

ACS
Manchasol 1 and 2 - Under promotion

- 24 February, 2010

- 50 MW, with thermal storage for 7,5 h

- 510,120 m2 mirror area

• Municipality of Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad

Real).
• Under promotion. Condition of Generator in
Special Regime.
• Permitting Projects: 10/07
• Evacuation: REE. Granted point of evacuation
• Start of construction: 09/08
• Start Date: 09/10

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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 ACS--COBRA STATUS
ACS ACCIONA STATUS

ACCIONA CSP PLANTS

Andasol 4 - Under promotion

• Municipality of Puebla de Don Fadrique

(Granada).
• Under promotion.
• Execution Projects: 06/07
• Evacuation: Requested point of
connection to Sevillana-Endesa.
• Start of construction: 11/09 ƒ ACCIONA has just started the construction of MAJADAS plant (135 hectares in Majadas
• Start Date: 11/11 de Tiétar, Cáceres), being the 3rd CSP plant in Spain, with an investment of 237 M€
M€
ƒ Total company investment to date in CSP (Nevada + 3 plants in Spain): 1250 M€
M€

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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PROTERMO
First hit in the US !! New CSP Plant after SEGS IX in 1991 S LAR
NEVADA SOLAR ONE, property of ACCIONA Solar

•64 Mwe
•El Dorado Valley,
Boulder City (NV)
• Thermal Oil
• No thermal storage
• June 2007
• 250 MUS$

La Risca / Alvarado
FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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IBERDROLA STATUS (IBERSOL PLANT) IBERDROLA STATUS (IBERSOL PLANT)

IBERDROLA ENERGÍA SOLAR DE PUERTOLLANO

IBERDROLA ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA 90%
IDAE 10%

Technology Parabolic Trough

Working fluid Thermal oil
Heat storage
g NO
Nominal power 50 MWe
Expected lifetime 25 years Marzo 2007
Net annual production 114 GWh
Equivalent hours 2.062 h/year
Expected solar resource 2.061 kWh/m2/year
Water consumption 570.000 m3/year
IBERSOL-1:
Natural gas boiler contribution 15 %
Project Data
Natural gas consumption 53 GWh/year December 2008

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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 PROTERMO
IBERDROLA STATUS (IBERSOL PLANT) …but not only PTC plants are under construction !!!!! S LAR

IBERSOL: parabolic trough

collector assembly

Collector type:
Inaugurated on 8th May, 2009 EUROTROUGH
Novatec-Biosol: Puerto Errado 1
FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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PROTERMO
S LAR TORRESOL ENERGY (GEMASOLAR)

ƒ TORRESOL ENERGY: Joint venture SENER (60%) plus MASDAR (40%)

→ 500 M€ investment
ƒ GEMASOLAR: a 17 MW plant based on central tower technology
¾ 185 hectares of land surface
¾ Yearly energy to be produced: about 100 GWh
¾ The plant incorporates significant technological innovations
(solar collection system and a molten-salt heat storage system
that is capable of attaining temperatures exceeding 500ºC)
¾ 171 M€ funding secured (January ’09)
¾ Civil works already started
ƒ Also on promotion: TERMESOL and ARCOSOL → two 50 MW plants with
parabolic troughs- located in Seville and Cadiz (Spain)
ƒ Company objective: the promotion and construction of at least two CSP
INFINIA Villarrobledo plants per year

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM

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GEMASOLAR: How to work 24/7 TORRESOL ENERGY (GEMASOLAR)

The predecessor: Solar Two

Receiver (on Tower)

Heat Storage
System

Heliostats
(Concentrating system) Steam
Generator

Conventional Electricity
Generator

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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 TORRESOL ENERGY (GEMASOLAR) TORRESOL ENERGY (GEMASOLAR)

……and here it is…..

FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM FIRST ASIA SOLAR ENERGY FORUM
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Conclusions

• The future Spanish regulation, under negotiation 
nowadays, will continue its support to 
renewable energies based in five pillars:
1. Promote a sustainable development of the 
different technologies to achieve the renewable 
energy targets for 2020 (around 40% of electricity
energy targets for 2020 (around 40% of electricity 
production). Th k ffor your attention
Thanks tt ti !!
2. Enhance technology development by adjusting 
gradually the premiums. 
3. Guarantee the necessary legal security for investors.
4. Simplify procedures for small installations (roofs).
5. Foster self‐consumption.

45 46