Ques.1 When did Hitler formally announce his violation of the treaty of Versailles?

What reason did

he give for this?

Ans. Hitler formally announced his violation of the treaty of Versailles in March 1935. Hitler claimed
that he was trying to make Germany equal in position to the other European powers.

Ques.2 What is meant by the term Allies?

Ans. The term Allies means the collective power-group which was initially led by the UK and France.
In 1941, they were joined by the USSR and USA.They fought against the 'Axis' powers, led by
Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Ques.3 Why did the US enter the Second World War?

Ans. The US had resisted involvement in the war. But it could not stay out of the war for long. Japan
was expanding its power in the east. On 7th December 1941 Japan attacked the US Navel bases at
Pearl Harbor. On 8th December 1941, America declared war on Japan and joined the Allies; as the
war ended US dropped Atom bomb on Hiroshima in Japan.

Ques.4 Describe two political ambitions of Adolf Hitler.

Ans. 1. Hitler was determined to make Germany a mighty power in the world.

2. He had ambition of conquering all of Europe.

Ques.5 When did the Second World War end in Europe?

Ans. 1. On May 2, 1945, Soviet armies entered Berlin and Hitler committed suicide.

2. Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945.

3. All hostilities ended on 9th May 1945 at 12 noon in Europe.

Ques.6 What is meant by the Axis powers?

Ans. The Axis powers ,also called as Axis alliances were the countries that opposed to the Allies
during the second world war.Three major Axis powers -Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial
Japan were having military alliance.
Ques.7 Name the incident that started the Second World War?

Ans. Germanys attack on Poland on 1st September 1939 started the Second World War.

Ques.8 What was the name of Hitlers propaganda minister during his regime? What happened to
him and his family?

Ans. Goebbels was Hitlers propaganda minister. He and his family committed suicide collectively in
his Berlin bunker in April 1945.

Ques.9 When and by whom was the Munich pact signed?

Ans. The Munich pact was signed on 30th September, 1938. It was a pact between France and Britain
on one side, and Hitler and Mussolini on the other side. Britain and France allowed Germany to take
over Sudentenland.

Ques. Critically examine the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. What were its important
effects on Germany? (3 Marks )

Ans. The victorious powers met in a conference first in Versailles, a Suburb of Paris and later in Paris
between February 1919 and June 1919. Three countries Britain, France and USA decided to sign the
peace treaties without consulting the defeated countries.

(1) Treaty of Versailles with Germany - The German representatives were forced to accept the
following terms -

(i)Germany and her allies were declared guilty of aggression.

(ii)Alsace and Lorraine were restored to France.

(iii)The area of the Rhine valley was to demilitarize.

The effects are as follows:-

(i) Germany was dispossessed of her colonial empire, which was divided among the victoriuos
Nations.

(ii)Germany was required to pay the war indemnity to the Allies.

(iii)The treaty of Versailles was extremely humiliating to Germany.

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Ques. What were the condition of women during Nazism in Germany? (3 Marks )

Ans. In Nazi Germany women were radically different from men. They had to look after the home
and teach their children Nazi values. In Nazi Germany all mothers were not treated equally. Women
who bore racially undesirable children were punished and those who produced racially desirable
children were awarded. To encourage women to produce many children, honour crosses were
awarded:

A Bronze cross for four children.

A silver cross for six children.

A gold cross for eight or more children.

Ques. When and by whom was the Anti-comintern pact signed? What were its aims? (3 Marks )

Ans. (1)The Anti-Comintern Pact was signed in 1937. It was signed by Germany , Austria, and Japan.

(2)The aims of the Anti Comintern Pact were to check the expansion of communism in the world and
to follow an aggressive policy for the expansion of territories.

Ques. Who was Hitler? What was the main reason for his popularity? (3 Marks )

Ans. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 and was the leader of Nazi party in Germany. He established a
dictatorship in his regime and was portrayed as a messiah to the Germans. His hypnotic speeches
attracted all classes of German people whose sense of dignity and pride had been shattered while
living in a period of acute economic and political crisis.

Ques. Explain any two problems faced by the Weimar Republic from the very beginning. (3 Marks )

Ans. The two main problems that the Weimar republic faced at the beginning were-

1.The Communists backed by the Bolsheviks used the countrys instability to stage a revolution.

2.Those who supported the Weimar Republic were mainly Socialists, Catholics and Democrats
became easy targets of attack in the conservative nationalist circle.
Ques. Briefly describe main steps taken by the Weimar Republic in 1923 to acquire political stability
in Germany. (3 Marks )

Ans. 1. The Weimar Republic introduced a new currency called the Rentenmark,to strengthen
Germanys monetary system.

2. In 1924, Germany and his allies negotiated a new method of reparation payments and got the
French army to withdraw from the Ruhr region.

Ques. What were the results of the victory of Nazism in Germany? (3 Marks )

Ans. (1) Victory of Nazism in Germany led to the destruction of democracy and the establishment of
dictatorship.

(2) It also led to the militarism and preparation for the war.

3)In Germany all other political parties were banned except the Nazi Party.Nazism was opposed to
socialism and communism, so the advocates of these two philosophies were either jailed or killed.

Ques. Explain briefly the foreign policy of Hitler. (3 Marks )

Ans. In his foreign policy, Hitler acquired quick successes. He pulled out of the League of Nations in
1933, reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936 and integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the
slogan, 'one people, one empire and one leader'. He then went on to wrest German-speaking
Sudentenland from Czechoslovakia and gobbled up the entire country.

Ques. Explain briefly the Nazi ideology for youth? (3 Marks )

Ans. It was felt that a strong Nazi society could be established only by teaching children Nazi
ideology.Good German Children were subjected to a process of Nazi schooling, a prolonged period of
ideological training. Youth organizations were made responsible for educating German youth in the
spirit of National Socialism. The youth league of Nazi was founded in 1922 to unite the youth.

Ques. How did the world come to know about the Holocaust? (3 Marks )

Ans. The documents left behind by Ghetto and Camp inhabitants, who wrote diaries, kept notebooks
and created archives, have been our source of knowledge about the Holocaust. Thus knowledge
about the Holocaust lives in Memoirs, fiction poetry in many parts of the world. These are
embarrassing reminder to those who collaborated.