UNIVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

BACHELOR OF ARTS
ENG422

(BA)

Major Assignment

Topic: Change & Risk

Prepared by: Lecturer: Suy Sareth

Group: II
Room: Kep (311)

Academic Year: 2013-2014

 GROUP REGISTER

Prepared by Sex Assignation Signature

1. Mr Sao Layhour M Group leader __________

2. Mr Heng Dara M Member __________

3. Mr Yong Yev M Member __________

4. Mr Chea Chheng M Member __________

5. Mr Lun Amrit M Member __________

6. Miss Lim Licheng F Member __________

7. Miss Theam Panhatheary F Member __________

8. Miss Nuth Pisethraingsey F Member __________

 DECLARATION
We, Group II, hereby declare that in the process of preparing the assignment, I did
not consult the help of other people, but my own work research. In the process of
conducting this assignment, I hereby ascertain the originality of the content sources
and the product shall be credited to its origin.

This assignment has never been presented to any other examining committee or
lecturer in this or similar format.

I am clearly aware of the fact any false of declaration will lead to legal
consequences.

Phnom Penh, April 02, 2014

__________________________

For. Group II

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................... iv
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 3: CHANGE .............................................................................................................. 2
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Working with Words ............................................................................................................. 3
3.1.1 Vocabulary ..................................................................................................................... 3
3.1.2 Synonyms ....................................................................................................................... 3
3.1.3 Changes in Meaning ....................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Business Communication Skills: Giving Formal Presentation ............................................. 5
3.2.1 Doing your homework ................................................................................................... 5
3.2.2 Organizing your speech .................................................................................................. 6
3.2.3 Using appropriate visual................................................................................................. 7
3.2.4 Managing anxiety ........................................................................................................... 8
3.2.5 Strategies for giving formal presentation ....................................................................... 9
3.3 Language at Work ............................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 Will/Shall and Be going to ........................................................................................... 10
3.3.2 Future continuous ......................................................................................................... 11
3.3.3 Future perfect ............................................................................................................... 11
3.3.4 Future perfect continuous ............................................................................................. 11
3.3.5 Certainty and the future ................................................................................................ 12
3.4 Practically Speaking ............................................................................................................ 13
3.5 Case Study: Planning Office Space ..................................................................................... 13
3.5.1 Isustain Company (Improve working environment) .................................................... 14
3.5.2 RM-Circuit (work spaces) ............................................................................................ 14
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 4: RISK .................................................................................................................... 16
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 16
4.1 Working with Words ........................................................................................................... 17
4.1.1 Vocabulary ................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.2 Different Kinds of Risk ................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Business Communication Skills: Take Part in Teleconference .......................................... 19
4.2.1 Understanding of Teleconferencing ............................................................................. 19
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 4.2.2 The Use of Teleconference in Business ....................................................................... 19
4.2.3 Guideline for Participating in a Teleconference .......................................................... 20
4.3 Language at Work ............................................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 Referring Backwards .................................................................................................... 20
4.3.2 Emphasis ...................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.3 Reference ...................................................................................................................... 21
4.3.4 He, She, They, These, Those ........................................................................................ 21
4.3.5 New Information .......................................................................................................... 22
4.4 Practically Speaking: Establishing Rapport and Showing Interest ..................................... 22
4.5 Case Study ........................................................................................................................... 24
4.5.1 Tackling Risks .............................................................................................................. 24
4.5.2 Task .............................................................................................................................. 25
4.5.3 Risk Management ......................................................................................................... 26
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 26
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 28
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. v

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincerest appreciation to all those people who have
assisted us to edit this assignment from the beginning to the end of the research.

First and foremost, we would like to profoundly thank our family; especially our
parents who have given us birth and care, and brought us up in a good
environment.

Most importantly, we would like to thank to our experienced, knowledgeable, and

helpful lecturer, Suy Sareth, who have provided us with a great deal of advice,
guidance, and the opportunity to write this assignment which we have never ever
tried before.

Finally, we are looking forward to getting feedbacks and constructive advices.

Phnom Penh, April 02, 2014

___________________________

For. Group II

iv
 INTRODUCTION

This booklet is compilation of two chapters, Chapter3: Change and Chapter4: Risk, of
advanced Business Result. The compilation presents all important points in the chapters in more
readable and user friendly way. Unlikely to the original book, this booklet doesnt contain
reading, listening or exercise. We, however, combine the lesson learn and main concept of those
pieces of work into bullet points and articles, which make reader find ease to understand the
underlying concept of each section in the book by only reading.
In addition to the original idea in the book, we also consult with other useful sources to
produce this writing material and hopefully we can get reader to understand concept of business
(change and risk) in a broader perspective. Despite of the fact that this booklet contains further
information which the original book doesnt include, we keep the main content the same as the
original. The booklet is divided into two main parts, first part is chapter3: change and second
part is chapter 4: risk. Both chapters contain introduction, which will provide a general overview
of each issue (title of the chapter), and working with word section, which will guide you to learn
some useful vocabulary in the context. Next, business communication skills which tell you how
to conduct a formal presentation (in chapter3) and how to participate in teleconference (in
chapter4) will be explained in very detail. Thirdly, to help you communicate effectively in
business, we will be taught about the grammar in context which is in Language at Work
section. After learning this section we hope you will be able to talk about future of business and
use pronounce to refer back to issue that has been risen in business roundtable discussion
effectively. Lastly, in each chapter, we will provide a case study about each theme of the chapter,
so that you will remember the main concept of each chapter well before moving to the next part
of the course book.

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CHAPTER 3
 CHAPTER 3: CHANGE

Introduction

Change always occurs in every minute every second for any single objects; especially it
does reflect to todays business world. Individuals currently are willing to change from one job
to another throughout their career lives. Companys regulation has been changed and updated
from time to time. Those changes are aimed to improve the performance of the organization, as
well as maintaining and increasing the profits. While the technological innovations is
implementing and the concerns of environment increase, changing working practice need to take
into consideration. Implementing those changes can be a complex process due to the fact that
there is a natural tendency to not accept the change. In order to keep their employees be satisfied
with the changes, company need to take into account and try to manage any changes extremely
carefully. Communication directly with staff; discussing exactly what will happen, why and
when, is a better way to ensure that those employees are in control of the management team and
they are willing to accept the changes.
Due the essential of changes in working practice, the main objective of this chapter will
show the discussing of working practices, such as how working practices in their companies may
have changes over time. Students will be able to get to know how to give a formal presentation,
and use different future tenses in order to speculate the future. Last but not least, the factors
involve in changing working environments and ways of improving the work space for a
company will be discuss in the case study of the chapter.

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 3.1 Working with Words

Change can simply mean to make something different. In business, there might be
changes in business model, marketing strategy, organizational structure, management, staffs,
work space, technology and so forth. Change can be planned in anticipation of the future, can be
immediately set up in responding to current events, and it might occur from other sources.
There are many words in this chapter to help students understand more about the words
changing as well as the synonyms of each word in order to avoid using same words for the whole
paragraph.

3.1.1 Vocabulary

Transform (v): make a thorough or dramatic change in the form.

Implement (v): put (decision, agreement, etc) into effect.
Procedure (n): an established or official way of doing something.
Putting in place: to set up something.
(Have) an aversion to: a strong feeling of not liking something/somebody.
Means (n): resource or capability.

3.1.2 Synonyms

Synonym is a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the
language and antonyms (or opposites). Some key synonyms in this unit are:
Efficient = Effective
Entering = Accessing
Ability = Means
Opportunity = Option
Changed = Transformed
Carry out = Put in place
Process = Procedure
The meaning = purpose
Energetic = Dynamic
Install = Implement

3.1.3 Changes in Meaning

In each and every sentence, words can be used to substitute each other although meaning
might be slightly different. For instance, section 4 of chapter 3 wants to use the words in bold to

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replace the word in texts of part 3 regardless to whether or not the meaning will change or that
cannot be used.
a. We need to come up with ways of being more efficient/effective in our work.
In this case, both words can be used because the meaning of efficient and effective are
resulted in a positive way.
b. Were entering/accessing quite a difficult period, and there are plenty of challenges
ahead.
There is only enter could be used in this sentence due to the word access means to be
able to get into something, while enter is to go into a place or begin a period of time
which is matched to that sentences meaning.
c. At the interview you have to prove you have the ability/means to do the job well.
Speaking about ability and means, they are both referred to the resource or skill that you
have in order to have something done. So it is accessible to use either one of these.
d. We like to give all staff the opportunity/option to come back to us with any comments.
Both words could be used upon the chance and choice they have.
e. We have changed/transformed the job description quite significantly.
Change and transform are able to use in this sentence because these words are all about
making a change to something; however, we use transform when there is a dramatic
changes in job description.
f. It is important to carry out/put in place thorough research before redesigning jobs.
Only carry out can be placed as a collocation of research because carry out means to do
something, whereas, put in place refers to setting up something.
g. It is quite a lengthy process/procedure from agreeing the changes to implementing them.
Process is the only possible answer. Procedure is the way or system of doing something,
so it is not fit to this sentence.
h. I dont really understand the meaning/purpose of the last paragraph.
It could be used either way round upon the writers opinion on him/her meaning.
i. Hes in his sixties, but hes still an energetic/dynamic man with lots of new ideas.
Energetic means showing a lot of enthusiasm and determination, and dynamic means
being full of energy and new ideas. Then both words could be used in this context.
j. Call IT and ask them to install/implement all the software you need.
Install is the possible answer because implement means to put in place which is not
making any sense in this context as it is a collocation of software.

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 3.2 Business Communication Skills: Giving Formal Presentation

In the entire life, people cannot avoid giving speech; so you need to know whether your
speech is formal speech or informal speech. Understanding the kinds of speech can help you be
able to adapt your speech in different situations and give it more efficiency. Speaking is a soft
skill that is used informally to accomplish every task such as talking with friend, coworker,
family, and other. Formally, verbal presentation is used to illustrate our idea or opinion,
proposal, and project to your boss, businesss partner and other audience. Being an effective
public speaker, you have to learn how to use your voice, body language, and visual aid to capture
and attract people to be interested in your topic. There are many key elements to make a formal
presentation successfully which will be remarked below:

3.2.1 Doing your homework

To make a good presentation, it is important to prepare your message, investigate or

know your audience, occasion, suitable language, and time and location for presentation. You
need to rise up some questions to yourself for gathering all these information:
Who is My Audience? Knowing your audience is the first thing that you should do. You
have to collect, as much as possible, information of whom you will give a speech to. Audiences
specific needs, knowledge, perspective and background are really helpful for you to prepare your
plan and customize presentation to meet all those criteria. Furthermore, you need to find way that
makes listeners be interested in your topic by focusing on the topic and make it relate to
audiences situation, field, position, or experience. When audiences think your presentation
useful for their personal and profession lives, they will listen to and concentrate on it.
Whats the occasion? It is important that you need to know which occasion that you
have the presentation such as a meeting, festival, business, defense, classs presentation, or
public speaking. So you can prepare your speech in order to make the connection among you, the
occasion, and audience.
Where do I look for information? Presenter has to make sure that they know and
understand what they are going to talk, so the audience will easily get all the information.
Moreover, doing more research on your relevant topic, statistic, or data that make your topic
more clearly and specific. They can research through internet, library, document, and people.
The more information you gather, the more reliable and valid data is.
Using the right language: Writing and speaking are different in term of using word and
making the sentence. Making the writing with the long sentence is acceptable because it is easy
for readers to interpret the meaning, but you have to focus on grammatical rule. In speaking and
slide presentation, however, shorter phrase is better. You do not have to focus much on grammar
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because listeners need brief idea, and focused statement. Otherwise, it is still vital to use
grammar correctly in both writing and speaking since corrected grammar in writing can stiffen
your speaking too.
Timing and Location: Knowing both timing and location is also an important
consideration for oral presentations. You need to find out how long the speech is expected to be.
One more thing, you need to stick on your time frame since your audience may become restless
if you talk too long or feel cheated if you conclude prematurely. Furthermore, you have to
explore the physical setting of your presentation ahead of time by checking out the size of the
room, seating arrangement, acoustics, lighting, and equipment availability, so you can plan your
presentation activities accordingly.

3.2.2 Organizing your speech

Presenting is not different from writing that mostly include with three parts such as an
introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Sometime it is good to write the body of your speech
first, so you can discuss the part in order that you will deliver them.
Introduction is a brief opening opportunity to preview the main topic idea, establish
credibility, and preset a positive first impression. Your introduction should design with the
creative speaking to gain the audiences attention by using entertaining or creative methods that
will not offend them or diminish your credibility as a speaker. You need to give a reason to
audience why it is important for them to listen to your speech. You have to remark specifically in
the beginning of presentation about the advantages, value, and beneficial to your audience, so
they will know that it is useful for them, and they will concentrate on your presentation.
Establishing the credibility will show your audience that both you and your message are
believable and trustworthy. You must have a good preparation, topic research, honesty, and a
fluid, confident speaking style which also demonstrates credibility and listeners will win the
audience respect. Lastly, making the relation of audience to the occasion that make them feel that
this presentation is make for them and they are not just come to listen but they come to join and
get the success together.
Body is the main substance of a speech that explains main idea and backs them up with
supporting details, or secondary ideas, that serve to support your main idea. You will likely have
more secondary points because it expand on each main idea and it will help your to achieve your
speech goal and your audience to understand and fellow what you are saying.
Conclusion of your speech should do three things. First of all is to tie together main
points which mean to summarize and reemphasize your primary points. Another point is to
inspire a next step to your audience about what you want to them to feel, do, or think. Finally,

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you give a sense of closure by end up with a powerful statement, question, or quotation that you
want them to remember and think about later.
Another thing to remember is do not forget the transaction that use to connect from one
part to another, so that audience will not get confuse about the point that you are presenting. The
transactions are outlining structure, beginning the presentation, referring forwards/backwards/
sideways, signaling the next section, ensuring understanding of a specialist subject, and ending
presentation.

3.2.3 Using appropriate visual

As you develop your speech, prepare visual aids that reinforce your major ideas,
stimulate your audience, and work well in the physical setting of your presentation. Well-
designed visuals can significantly enhance your presentation. Appropriate visual aids for your
presentation can do the following:
Include one message per visual: Keep your visuals simple by limiting each to a single
message. The dominant idea of each visual should be obvious to the audience immediately.
Let your audience read or listen (not both): Visual aids should not provide reading
material while you talk. Use them to illustrate or highlight the points that you are talking about.
Visuals should not be used as a script or a substitute for a well-rehearsed delivery.
Keep the effects simple: Presentation graphics programs such as Microsoft PowerPoint
and Apple Keynote include a variety of visual effects that you can use with the slides. The most
common effects add visual interest to transitions (the animation between different slides) and
builds (the animation used to display elements on a particular slide). Most of these are too
involved and should be avoided. If you need to include effects, stick with quick fades and basic
dissolves.
Manage your colors: Color is effective for capturing attention and emphasizing
important ideas, but you can overdo it. Dont use more than three colors on a visual. Try to use
the same three throughout your presentation for consistency. Use colors to contrast, differentiate
categories, separate data, or highlight a key point. Clearly contrast your background and
foreground colors.
Use minimalist backgrounds: Dont let the background of your visuals become the
foreground. Complex graphics or patterns often have areas where the background color shifts
between light and dark. These create a background without a uniform shade and makes
contrasting text very difficult to read.
Proofread carefully: Displaying a visual with an obviously misspelled word can sink
your presentation. An error makes people think you are an amateur and distracts the audience.

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People will focus on your mistake and stop listening to what you have to say. Proofread every
visual carefully and have a trusted friend provide a second opinion.

3.2.4 Managing anxiety

Performance anxiety, often referred to stage fright, is a psychological reaction to a

persons fear of public embarrassment. People often feel stage fright when they are required to
perform in front of an audience, especially if they are inexperienced public speakers. Your palms
are sweaty, your face feel hot, you cannot catch your breath, and your heart is beating so loudly.
You must be getting ready to deliver a speech and overcome your fear. The points below are
very useful for you to overcome this problem.
Be well prepared: Performance anxiety is caused by our fear of making a mistake in
front of other people. When you are unfamiliar with your material, you are more likely to be
nervous. Careful preparation and practice helps to reduce your anxiety, though it cannot
completely eliminate it. Keep in mind that nearly all public speakers experience anxiety, even
the best ones.
Loosen up before you speak: When you start to feel anxious, your body tightens in
response. This can impair your ability to move, gesture, and speak. Exercise is an antidote to
stress. Arrive early and take a brisk walk for at least five minutes. Stretch your legs, move your
arms, and rotate your head and neck. Some speakers chew gum or yawn repeatedly to loosen
their mouth and throat beforehand.
Remember to breathe: Many speakers forget to breathe when they start to speak. Take
some deep breaths before you begin to oxygenate your body. Pause occasionally during your
speech and take a deep breath or two. Not only will this add effect to the presentation, but it will
calm your nerves and improve your energy level.
Keep some water handy: A dry mouth is a common symptom of stage fright. It also
makes it difficult to speak, which can lead to more anxiety. Keep a glass of water or water bottle
handy when you present. Drink a small amount before you begin. Pause your speech to take a sip
if necessary. Avoid drinking milk, caffeinated drinks, or alcohol. Tepid water or herbal teas are
the preferred drinks of professional speakers.
Dont apologize: Never tell your audience you are nervous or apologize when you make
a minor mistake. No one but you knows the script and few people will notice if you dont call
attention to yourself. Try to act confident instead. Eventually, you will feel more confident as
you get into the body of your presentation.
Remember the audience wants you to succeed: Performance anxiety is due in large
part to a subconscious fear of how your audience will react to your presentation. Keep in mind

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that the people you are speaking to want you to succeed. They hope that you will do a good job
and will overlook small mistakes that you make.

3.2.5 Strategies for giving formal presentation

Presentation usually does not take so many hours, yet to have a good short presentation is
not an easy mission to complete. Strategy is something that a success full person needs to set
before taking action, and presenter, too, should have a precious strategy for conducting
presentation. Presentation strategies are divided into two main categories such as:
Before the speech
Practice and rehearse your speech more often. It will build your confident and
familiar with the material of your presentation
Practice naturally without reading from your note. Ideally, good speakers know
the material they want to present and refer to notes only occasionally.
Arrange to visit the venue in which you will be speaking to check and practice
with equipment and to evaluate the room size, acoustics, and seating.
Visualize your presentation. Imagine the presentation flowing smoothly and your
audience reaction positively.
Relax your body and mind. Clear your mind of though by closing your eyes and
focusing on your breathing.
Use positive self-talk. Tell yourself that you are relax and confident and you
know all your point and can talk about it easily.
Select appropriate dress. It is depend on the audience and the subject matter,
somewhat casual dress may be a good idea. Find out in advance what attire will
be most appropriate for your audience.
Delivering the speech
Speak up! Make sure everyone in the room can hear you when you speak and
none of your pearls of wisdom are lost to listeners.
Focus on your audience. Talk directly to them and make eye contact with at least
few people located throughout the room.
Refer to your note just often enough to stay on track and remember key point.
Pace yourself. If you are nervous, you may speak too rapidly which can distract
the audience and make you hard to understand.
Avoid vocal interferences, which are nonverbal sounds that fill dead air, such as
uh, er and um. These interferences can distract your audience and convey the
message that you are not fully prepared.
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 Try to avoid nervous adaptive behaviors such as tapping a pen or repeatedly
twisting jewelry during your presentation. Use your hand gesture and facial
expressions that correspond to your message.
Remember that nervousness is natural. Nearly everyone has experienced feeling
of anxiety in communication situation at some point, so your listener can
emphasize with you. Even if people do detect some nervousness or mistake, they
will generally understand and overlook it.

3.3 Language at Work

In business, it is very important to forecast the future change. Without acknowledging the future
businessman will not be able to create a good plan for competing in the market. In this section,
we will introduce you to the uses of will/shall and be going to, future continuous, future perfect,
and future perfect continue for talking about the future action or event.

3.3.1 Will/Shall and Be going to

a. Will/ Shall

Forms:
Affirmative form: Subject + will/shall + verb (base form)

Negative form: Subject + will/shall + not + verb (base form)

Question form: will/ shall + subject + verb (base form)

Uses:
To make predictions based on experience
Ex: Weve changed the job description so more people will apply.
To give or ask for information about the future
Ex: When will we have meeting?
To make future promises, requests and threats
Ex: Will you lend me a hand?
To make spontaneous decision at the time of speaking
Ex: I dont know what to order; well, Ill have chicken soup.
To provide offers and suggestions
Use will in Affirmative and Negative form
Use shall in Question form
Ex: Shall we have a quick drink before dinner?
b. Be going to

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Forms:
Affirmative form: Subject + Verb to be + going to
Negative form: Subject + verb to be + not + going to
Question form: Verb to be + subject + going to
Uses:
To make predictions based on our current feeling or thought
Ex: He is going to get angry in a minute.
To talk or ask about plans or intentions
Ex: She is going to pursue her master degree in June.
To talk about decisions that have already made
Ex: I am going to take a trip to Australia alone, no matter what my mom says.

3.3.2 Future continuous

Form:
Affirmative Form: Subject + will + be + V-ing
Negative Form: Subject + will not + be + V-ing
Question Form: Will + subject + be + V-ing
Use:
To talk about action in progress at a certain time in the future.
Ex: This time tomorrow, Ill be listening to lectures in class.

3.3.3 Future perfect

Form:
Affirmative Form: Subject + will + have + past participle
Negative Form: Subject + will not+ have + past participle
Question Form: Will + subject + have + past participle
Use:
To talk about action that will be finished at a time in the future, or to indicate that
an activity will be completed before another event or time in the future
Ex: We will have finished 2 projects by the end of July.

3.3.4 Future perfect continuous

Form:
Affirmative Form: Subject + will + have + been + V-ing
Negative Form: Subject + will not+ have + been + V-ing
Question Form: Will + subject + have + been + V-ing
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Use:
To indicate that an action has been in progress for a period of time before another
event or time in the future.
Ex: Jonh will have been working for three years before he comes to our organization.

3.3.5 Certainty and the future

Regarding to the future tense, we need to use word carefully in term of certainty accordingly to
the level of certainty or sureness about the future. Learn how to use them in the table below.

Sureness About The Future

100% sure (a) I will be in class tomorrow. OR
I am going to be in class tomorrow.
90% sure (b) Po will probably be in class tomorrow. OR
Po is probably going to be in class tomorrow.
(c) Anna probably wont be in class tomorrow.
OR
Anna probably isnt going to be in class
tomorrow.
50% sure (d) Ali may come to class tomorrow, or
Ali may not come to class tomorrow.
I dont know what he is going to do.
(e) Maybe Ali will come to class, and maybe he
wont. OR
Maybe Ali is going to come to class and maybe he
isnt.
In (a): the speaker uses will or be
going to because he feels sure
about his future activity. He is
stating a fact about the future
In (b): the speaker uses probably to
say that he expects Po to be in class
tomorrow, but he is not 100% sure.
Hes almost sure, but not
completely sure.
Word order with probably:
(1) in a statement, as in (b):
helping verb + probably
(2) with a negative verb, as in (c):
probably + helping verb
May expresses a future possibility:
maybe something will happen, and
maybe it wont happen. In (d): the
speaker is saying that maybe Ali
will come to class, or maybe he
wont come to class. The speaker is
guessing
Maybe + will be going to gives the
same meaning as may. (d) and (e)
have the same meaning.
Maybe comes at the beginning of
sentence.

It is possible to use a range of adjectives to show the certainty in the future by the
following structures:
a. + be + Adjectives [ (un)likely, expected, certain, bound ] + to
Ex: Financial crisis is (un)likely/expected/certain/bound to affect all the countries around
the world.

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 b. It is + adjectives [ (un)likely, probable, certain ] + that will
Ex: It is (un)likely/ probable/ certain that financial crisis will affect all the countries
around the world.

3.4 Practically Speaking

In order to show understanding toward your colleagues in your working environment,

you need to use several of ways to expression. The main three ways of showing understanding
are:
a. Showing that you understand the problem :
It is possible saying the phrases such as
I know what you mean
No, it hasnt, has it?
I hear what youre saying. I mean
I can see where youre coming from.
I (quite/absolutely/exactly) get your point, I know.
b. Explaining why you are able to understand the problem :
Its quite hectic over here too.
I know it is a tricky time for a lot of you
I had a similar problem at my last company
I see what you mean, we are going through the same thing here.
c. Offering practical solutions:
It might be worth sending an email
I still think you should send the request again, though.
Well, you might want to word it so that
Why dont you ? / Maybe you could try ? /What if you were to ?

3.5 Case Study: Planning Office Space

Parelect is a multinational group operating in the energy, manufacturing, and healthcare

sectors, which specializes in electronics and electrical engineering. The company has around
400,000 employees working to develop and manufacture products around the globe. There are a
number of companies in the Parelect group. For example, RM-Circuit, an international supplier
of automotive electronics, and Isustain, this focuses on sustainable energy.
This case study presents RM-Circuit and Isustain, two companies that are part of the
multinational group, Parelect. RM-Circuit has redefined its work space and Isustain now want to
improve their working environment.
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 3.5.1 Isustain Company (Improve working environment)

Isustain has the building layout for reference which divides in two sites. The first site
called the site1 for management and administration. These sites are very importance for process
of company because all the management and admin office such as head office and general office
are there. Head office is including Management office, Human resource office, Finance office,
and Legal department. General office is including Administration office, Information
technology, and Facilities. The second site called site2 for R&D. It has four labs such as Lab1,
lab2, lab3, and lab4. Both sites are including the parking space.
The concepts of the key points worth noting about this new workspace focus on three
points. The first point is improving communication between staff and management. The second
is flexible design, e.g. identical desks used in the computer-aids design department (CAD),
laboratories, and office area makes it possible to change the composition of teams and working
processes without great expense. Change within a teams working space doesnt have to affect
neighboring work spaces. The last point is ergonomics and healthy workspaces, e.g. desk height
can be adjusted electronically.

3.5.2 RM-Circuit (work spaces)

RM-Circuit has planned to organize the office space which focus on redefines the work
space. The building layout of RM-Circuit thinks about how to prepare working facing the wall,
meeting rooms, communal area, furniture to standard design, and ceiling height and flexible
partition walls.
RM-Circuit has the project to planning the office space focus on the three main points.
Aim of the project is very necessary because it promote communication through effective office
space planning. Four main sites were set up at head office with 20 buildings for production,
development, and administration. All activities were concentrated in one building. This building
was designed to increase productivity and to act as a benchmark within the industry. Next is the
process how to success with the project. This process has three steps:
1. Analysis of present day and future working methods in over 80 discussions.
2. A flexible office concept was defined in workshop, so that the composition of teams and
working processes could be changed without great expense, and working areas could be
provided when greater concentration was required, as well as spaces for meetings. The
management could sit with their teams in the open plan structure, as well as being able to
withdraw for confidential conversations.
3. A pilot project was carried out a year before the company moved into the development
center. Space configuration was mapped out put its variations of furniture. Some twenty
14
 staff also worked in these areas for almost twelve months, and changes were made in
consultation with these pilot users.
The last point is the result because the project has been success or not, with positive
reaction of users base on the result. An essential contributory factor to the success of such large-
scale change has been the involvement of staff at an early stage in the project.

Conclusion

Changing commonly occur at everywhere. Individual needs to change for improving

themselves to be better, and company also need to make a thing change basing on the real
society, customers need, and structural improving to make the business run well. This book
provides some of words that mostly use to identify the change in work place. To help employee
to be success in their formal presentation, the book guides some key feature that employee can
convince and attract the manager to interest in their presenting. Moreover, it also contains the
grammar part which uses to speculate the future with difference future tense.

15
CHAPTER 4
 CHAPTER 4: RISK
Introduction

Life of human being is full of risk. Because people cant anticipate what will happen to
them, unexpected events would happen in any time. Drivers, for instant, driving their bikes along
the road doesnt expect traffic accident, but traffic kills and injures so many people every day.
Instead of uncertainty, which is known as risk, drivers wear helmet so that although they face
traffic accident, they can protect their lives. Similarly, in business, risk management has been a
vital decision-making tool. Many micro and small business make decision depending on only
several cases they have perceived; therefore, their businesses are subject to high risk. In the same
time, even corporation cant avoid risk despite of the fact that corporation or large company
seems to take care of every small thing. The reason is that there are risks deriving from external
factors which are beyond their control. From this perspective, risk management has been one
among the important concern that businesses are afraid of and put much focuses on it.
Due to the important of risk, the main objective of this unit is to guide you to learn
different kinds of risk associating with business. To ensure the effective of learning on the issue,
firstly you will be introduced some key vocabulary, and in the end you will be provided case
study of food companies in term of risk management. Additionally, student will also go through
some other important business concepts such as how to participate in a teleconference, use
pronounce for referencing, and establish rapport and show interest.

16
 4.1 Working with Words

Before getting to know about the different kind of risk that the business will face; first of
all, we should know what the risk is. In business concept, Risk means the probability or thread
of damage, injury, liability, loss or any other negative occurrence. Moreover, Risk refers to the
possibility that a company will have profit lower than anticipated profits, or that it will
experience a loss rather than a profit. Business risk is influenced by numerous factors, including
sales volume, per-unit price, input costs, competition, overall-economic climate and government
regulations.

4.1.1 Vocabulary

Predicting or Anticipate: make an informed guess that something will happen.

Weigh up, Evaluate: think carefully about something and decide its value or
importance.
Identifying, Recognizing: see something and know what it is.
Determine: consider good and bad aspects of something before making a decision.
Minimizing: reducing something to the smallest possible level.
Exposing: put something in a situation where it is not protected from something.
Run the risk of : encounter the danger of something bad happening
Gauge : carefully calculate and decide something
Accept: able to regard and understand a situation or future situation as true.

4.1.2 Different Kinds of Risk

PEST Analysis is a way of analyzing four key external factors that may affect an
organization, a business, or a project. To get the most out of a PEST analysis, businesses must
understand what each of the four factors is analyzing.
Political is a factor that looks at how government regulations and legal issues affect a
business chance to be profitable and successful. Issues that must be considered include tax
guidelines, political stability, trade regulations, employment laws and safety regulations.
There are some examples of Political factors:
Government regulations regarding hygiene, health and food regulations, food standards,
etc.
Economic policies of government regarding the restaurant industry and running eating
joints; these may include licenses, inspections by Health and Food Ministry departments,
etc.

17
 Economic factor examines the outside economic issues that can play a role in a
company's success. Items that must be looked at include economic growth, exchange, inflation
and interest rates, the current business cycle of the country where the company is located in and
unemployment policies.
There are some examples of Economic factors:
Interest rate would impact the cost of capital, the rate of interest being directly
proportionate to the cost of capital.
Rate of inflation determines the rate of remuneration of employees and directly affects
the price of the restaurant's products. Again, the proportion between the inflation rate and
wages/prices is direct.
Economic trends act as an indicator of the sustenance and profitability of your business in
the chosen region and help you in deciding your marketing strategy.
Social factor analyzes the demographic and cultural aspects that can help determine
whether a business can compete in the current market. These factors help businesses examine
consumer needs and what pushes them to make purchases. Among the items that should be
examined are country demographics, population growth rates, age distribution, attitudes toward
work, lifestyle changes, education and environmental and health consciousness.
There are some examples of Social factors:
Eating habits of the people in your chosen business environment may, and certainly will,
affect your marketing decisions.
Ratio of people preferring to eat out regularly.
Technological factor takes into consideration the technology issues that impact how an
organization brings its product or service to the marketplace. Depending on the technology
available, it can make it easier or harder to enter the industry and increase production level.
Among the specific items that need to be considered are any new technology advancements,
government spending on technology research, the life cycle of current technology, the role of the
Internet and any changes to it play and the impact of potential information technology changes.
There are some examples of Technological factors:
A good technical infrastructure would lead to better production, procurement and
distribution logistics, resulting in reduced wastage and lower costs.
Sound technology may be a decisive factor for food technology innovation, better
presentation, more effective business marketing, etc.

18
 4.2 Business Communication Skills: Take Part in Teleconference

4.2.1 Understanding of Teleconferencing

Teleconferencing means meeting through a telecommunications medium. It is a generic

term for linking people between two or more locations by electronics. There are at least six types
of teleconferencing: audio, audio graphic, computer, video, business television (BTV), and
distance education.
Audio Teleconference or a conference call is a telephone call in which the calling party
wishes to have more than one called party listens in to the audio portion of the call. The
conference calls may be designed to allow the called party to participate during the call, or the
call may be set up so that the called party merely listens into the call and cannot speak. It is
sometimes called ATC (Audio Tele-Conference). Preplanning is necessary which includes
naming a chair, setting an agenda, and providing printed materials to participants ahead of time
so that they can be reviewed. Conference calls can be designed so that the calling party calls the
other participants and adds them to the call; however, participants are usually able to call into the
conference call themselves by dialing a telephone number that connects to a "conference bridge"
(a specialized type of equipment that links telephone lines). Companies commonly use a
specialized service provider who maintains the conference bridge, or who provides the phone
numbers and PIN codes that participants dial to access the meeting or conference call.

4.2.2 The Use of Teleconference in Business

Businesses use conference calls daily to meet with remote parties, both internally and
outside of their company. Common applications are client meetings or sales presentations,
project meetings and updates, regular team meetings, training classes and communication to
employees who work in different locations. Conference calling is viewed as a primary means of
cutting travel costs and allowing workers to be more productive by not having to go out-of-office
for meetings.
Conference calls are increasingly used in conjunction with web conferences, where
presentations or documents are shared via the internet. This allows people on the call to view
content such as corporate reports, sales figures and company data presented by one of the
participants. The main benefit is that the presenter of the document can give clear explanations
about details within the document, while others simultaneously view the presentation.

19
 4.2.3 Guideline for Participating in a Teleconference

It is important to pay attention to conference call etiquette when participating; for

example, one should refrain from shouting, multitasking in certain cases, and using an
unpleasant tone. The following are the guideline for taking part in a teleconference:
Before the call starts, familiarize yourself with the agenda.
During the call itself, enunciate clearly, be concise, and try to avoid making long
speeches or talking over other people.
Its often a good idea to identify yourself each time you come back into the conversation
otherwise people can quickly get confused about whos speaking.
When you want to ask a question, nominate the person you want to respond.
If no one else is doing it, offer occasional brief recaps. Paraphrase or summarize what has
been said its a good way to help people focus and you can check if you have really
understood.
Stay on topic, keep on the agenda, and encourage everyone else to do the same.

4.3 Language at Work

Generally, pronoun is well known as a word that is used for substituting noun, which has
already been mentioned, in order to avoid the repetition. Commonly, pronoun is categorized into
nine groups which play different roles. In this booklet, we wont describe all the nine types of
pronoun, but we will rise up the use of some pronoun such as it, this that, they, these, those, he
she in business context.

4.3.1 Referring Backwards

It, this, and that can be used to refer back to something that has just been mentioned. All
the three words can refer back to a person or thing, a situation, or a
thought/idea/proposition, etc.
Ex: He said the greater the risk, the greater the potential reward. This might be well true.
Ex: Heres our prototype. It gives a pretty good idea of what we hope to make.
Ex: John was arguing for cuts in the R&D budget. Thats the last thing we need.

4.3.2 Emphasis

It is used for neutral reference: as a simple way of continuing the discussion, without
giving special emphasis to the information being referred to.
Ex: Theres also a subsidized canteen. Its ok, but no better than in most companies.

20
 This and That are more often used to add emphasis to the information: they draw our
attention to what has just been said.
Ex: And how we have a gym exclusively for staff. Thats one of the best things about
working here.
This in particular is used when there is something new or especially relevant about the
information introduced.
Ex: Finally, theres our final salary pension scheme. This has been praised throughout the
industry.

4.3.3 Reference

In sentences where several things are mentioned, it is usually used to refer to the main
topic, whereas, this/that more often refers to last topic mentioned.
Ex: Theres a meeting in the Kennedy Suite. Its very important and could go on for
hours. (it = meeting)
Ex: Theres a meeting in the Knnedy Suite. Thats on the third floor by the lift. (that =
Knnedy Suite)
Generally, this refers to things that are near to us (in space, in time, or conceptually-
thought of as close and relevant); that refers to things we think of as more distant.
Ex: Carlos asked about the depreciation of the dollar. This will affect us all, he said.
Ex: Carlos asked about the depreciation of the euro. That was unlikely in the foreseeable
future, Kate answered.

4.3.4 He, She, They, These, Those

When we are referring to a person mentioned in the previous sentence, he or she is used
in the same way as it.
Ex: Heahter was the first of the candidates to be interviewed. She was very impressive.
When the information referred to has a plural form, they is used instead of it. These
instead this, and those instead of that.
Ex: We discussed several options during the brainstorming sessions. They were all
considered impractical, though.
Ex: We discussed several options during the brainstorming sessions. These were quite
good fun, by the way, but hard work.

21
 4.3.5 New Information

This can refer forward to new information. We do not use that or it in this way.
Sometimes, this is used to refer to old information, but there is always a sense that what
we are going to say about is new.
Ex: Craig isnt a great team player. This is his main problem. (refer forward to the new
information about his lack of creativity)
Ex: Craig isnt a great team player. Thats his main problem. (refer back to the
information about the fact that he is not a great team player.

4.4 Practically Speaking: Establishing Rapport and Showing Interest

Rapport refers to a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups
concerned understand each others feelings or ideas and communicate well. In this section we
will introduce you to methods, phrase to effectively create good rapport to three different kinds
of people including your old colleague, someone you met for the first time, and someone who
could help your career prospect. Learn the matrix table below
Relationship Methods Phrases
1. asking a follow-up question - And are you still
enjoying it? Really?
- And what do you think?
2. asking about someones journey - How was the journey?
- Was the journey OK?
- How was the flight?
- Did you get here OK?
3. showing that you already know something - Its (name), isnt it? Ive
about a person you have just met seen your picture on the
website.
Someone meet - Youre not the (name)
for the first time who, are you?
- And anyway,(name), Ive
head quite a lot about you,
too. You, didnt you?
4. echoing the other person to encourage A: I have had a few ups
them to say more and downs.
B: Ups and downs?
5. picking up on a key word in order to A: but the jobs pretty
extend the conversation challenging.
B: Challenging in what
way?
Old colleague or 1. recalling past events in common - It must be two years or
friend more since we last met?

22

2. paying a compliment
3. asking a follow-up question
4. giving a brief summary of your recent
history
5. echoing the other person to encourage
them to say more
6. joking about yourself
7. being modest about achievements
8. picking up on a key word in order to
extend the conversation
1. paying a compliment
Someone who 2. asking a follow-up question
could help you
improve your
career prospects
3. showing that you already know something website.
about a person you have just met
- Wasnt it at that
conference in?
- Wasnt it at tat
conference in?
- Oh, yes,- it was really
beautiful.
- Do you remember that?
- Youre looking well.
- You look great-have you
been on holiday?
And are you still enjoying
it? Really?
- And what do you think?
- Well, Id been working
in for five years when
- So Ive been in for the
last, in a luxury
apartment overlooking
A: I have had a few ups
and downs.
B: Ups and downs?
I may be old, but you cant
get rid of me that easily.
- Well, it wasnt just me.
There was a whole team
involved.
- Oh, it was nothing.
- I couldnt have done it
without the team.
A: but the jobs pretty
challenging.
B: Challenging in what
way?
- Youre looking well.
- You look great-have you
been on holiday?
And are you still enjoying
it? Really?
- And what do you think?
- Its (name), isnt it? Ive
seen your picture on the
- Youre not the (name)
who, are you?
- And anyway,(name), Ive
23
 head quite a lot about you,
too. You, didnt you?
- Well, Id been working
in for five years when
4. giving a brief summary of your recent
- So Ive been in for the
history
last, in a luxury
apartment overlooking
A: I have had a few ups
5. echoing the other person to encourage
and downs.
them to say more
B: Ups and downs?
A: but the jobs pretty
6. picking up on a key word in order to challenging.
extend the conversation B: Challenging in what
way?
4.5 Case Study

This case study presents a food company that is facing various risks as a result of
changing consumer attitudes. The case study mainly suggests the PEST analysis concept, which
is the most common external risk of every business. Through the case, we can extract some
important concepts as follow:

4.5.1 Tackling Risks

Out of the frying pan: McCain is one of the worlds most important makers of frozen
food, drink, snacks, and ready meals. It specializes in potato products including potato chips
(French fries) as well as waffles, hash browns, croquettes, wedges, and roast potatoes. McCain is
believed to supply around a third of the worldwide market for chips.
However, McCain is facing various risks as a result of changing consumer attitudes in
term of PEST.
PEST analysis for McCain:
Political: the growing pressure to make foods healthier has led to widespread discussion
of the possibility of higher taxes on unhealthy food, restrictions on advertising like during
childrens TV show, regulations limiting what may be sold in schools, requirements to
label fat, sugar, and salt content more clearly and even the suggestion of health warnings
on packets.
Economic: all adults work in more and more households; the market for quality prepared
food seems likely to continue growing. People generally have more money but less time
and they have been prepared to spend more on sophisticated, higher-quality prepared
products, but a downturn in the economy could see a choice of more basic items.

24
 Social & Cultural: recently the consumer demand have been changed because many
warnings about eating too mush salt and saturated fat and also include chips within the
category of unhealthy or junk food.
Technology: new technology has led to new kinds of functional food items such as
margarine helps to reduce your cholesterol levels, yoghurts help your digestion and so on.
In addition, the potatoes are naturally high in vitamin C and natural carbohydrates but the
technological challenge is retaining nutritional value and flavor while making the product
easier to use or usable in new ways.
What are the factors and think of ways that McCain might respond on the risk
involved?
According to the PEST analysis for McCain the political emphasis on healthy eating and
the subsequent cultural and social changes in attitudes to food choices are probably the most
problematic factors. Moreover, McCain is constantly adapting to changing market demands in
order to answer the publics demand for tasty food and healthy products:
They organized an action plan to keep the public better informed about products
including an education campaign in schools to explain why products are healthy.
They stress the use of simple, natural ingredients in their marketing.
They introduced the traffic light symbols to show their foods are healthy, with low
levels of saturated fat.
They reduced the salt content in their products.
They emphasized the fact that their products will not result in chip-pan fires, as they
are cooked in the oven.

4.5.2 Task

Asian Spice Traders (AST) is a large food company, exporting hot-spiced Thai,
Indonesian, Malaysian, and Indian microwaveable ready meals to Europe. Although it is based in
Thailand, the company has found that its Indian food range has been the most successful,
outselling the other lines by a factor of three. However, the company still faces many risks how
to limit risks when entering a new market in the US and Europe.
How ASTs situation is similar to that of McCain?
ASTs situation is similar to that of McCain because it also makes ready meals and has to
deal with food health issues.
Possible strategies for AST:
1. Information and education
Take steps to inform the public about the quality of ASTs products
25
 Emphasize the cleanliness of preparation factories
Educate the nation about curry and its benefits
Make spokespeople available for talk shows
Get articles into magazines
Use advertisements for information-giving
Offer supermarket taste tests
Position ourselves at the front of the healthy-eating movement
2. Product development
Introduce new US-only lines
Improve product ingredients to allay fears
Remove all artificial additives
Reduce fat levels
Make sure all fats in products are good ones
Consider specializing in a purely vegetarian range
Source more local, natural, or even organic ingredients

4.5.3 Risk Management

A process
applied across the enterprise
designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity: positive as well as
negative
manage risks (and opportunities) to be within its risk appetite
provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of the entitys objectives
Consider risks across all activities
Consider both internal and external factors
Create an internal environment that supports proactive risk management at all levels
Establish clear business objectives so that risks can be more readily identified and
assessed

Conclusion

It is true that everyday lives are full of risks because people do not know what will be to
them; unexpected events would happen in any time. Everyone lives together and effect to each
other; moreover, human is affected by social culture, economic, policies, technology and so on.
Similarly, in business, risk management has been a vital decision-making tool. Many micro and
small business make decision depending on only several cases they have perceived; therefore,
26
their businesses are subject to high risk. Thus to the important of risk, the main objective of this
unit is to guide you to learn different kinds of risk associating with business. In addition, you
have opportunity to practice the language of managing discussions, checking understanding and
expressing opinions in the context of teleconferencing. Then you also review the use of pronouns
as reference markers. Finally in the case study everyone see the risks that faced by food
companies and know how to find or minimize those problems.

27
 CONCLUSION

The booklet has brought us key messages about change and risk. Key message of
Change in Business is that the design of building has a very strong impact on the internal
communication of the company. The case study suggests a company having separate offices in
different location should consider change in physical structure (building) so that each division of
the company will communicate to each other effectively. Additionally, to make change in
business, we need to communicate with other staffs, and to discuss about future change several
kinds of tenses are needed such as simple future with will, shall and be going to, future continue,
future perfect and future perfect continue. The second key message is that, in all businesses, risk
is a factor that is unavoidable. The book seems to focus more on external risk that is usually over
the control of business owner such as political risk, economic risk, social and cultural risk, and
technological risk. In term of risk management this external risk is well known as PEST analysis.
Although there are internal and external risks, the solution toward risk is unique, not separate to
certain kinds of risk. To overcome this risk, risk management must be an ongoing process,
applied across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, be
within its risk appetite, and provided reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of the
entitys objectives.

28
 REFERENCES

Alto, P. (2014, February 16). Will/Might. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from Grammar-Quizzes:
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/modal1.html
Angell, P., & Rizkallah, T. (2004). Designing oral presentation. In Business communication
design (pp. 142-162). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Azar, B. S. (2003). Fundamentals of English Grammar (3rd ed.). (S. Hartle, Ed.) New York:
Pearson Education.
Baade, Kate; Holloway, Christopher; Scrivener, Jim; Turner, Rebecca;. (2009). Buiness result
advanced student's book. New York, China: Oxford University Press.
Brooks, C. (2013, November 22). PEST Analysis: Definition, Examples & Templates. Retrieved
March 2013, 26, from BusinessNewsDaily: http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5512-
pest-analysis-definition-examples-templates.html
Business Risk. (2014). Retrieved March 26, 2014, from Investopedia:
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/businessrisk.asp
Butterfield, J. (2003). Making formal presentation. In Verbal communication (2nd ed., pp. 59-
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change. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2014, from Businessdictionary.com:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/change.html
Chapman, A. (2010). pest market analysis tool. Retrieved March 27, 2014, from businessballs:
http://www.businessballs.com/pestanalysisfreetemplate.htm
Lane, Janet; Lange, Ellen;. (2012). Writing clearly: an editing guide. United State of America:
Sherisse Roehr.
Pronoun. (2014). Retrieved March 28, 2014, from Oxfor Ditionaries:
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Rapport. (2014, March 13). Retrieved March 29, 2014, from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapport#Methods
Risk Management Plan. (2010, June 03). Retrieved March 25, 2014, from Slideshare:
http://www.slideshare.net/Samuel90/risk-management-plan-4397415
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http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/synonym
Weiss, H. B., Brevis, T., & Cant, M. (2008). Business management: A contemporary approach.
Captown: Juta & Co.

v
 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth

 Individual Presentation

UNVERSITY OF CAMBODIA

ENG422

Presenter: _________________________ Date: _____/_____/_____

Assessment Criteria:

Score

The Design:

1) Format 1 2 3 4 5

2) Text Presentation and Organization 1 2 3 4 5

The Presentation :

1) Readiness 0.5 1

2) Enthusiasm and confidence 0.5 1

3) Knowledge of the subject matters 0.5 1

4) Presentation skills 0.5 1

5) Interactions with the audiences 0.5 1

6) Accuracy 0.5 1

7) Fluency 0.5 1

8) Pronunciation 0.5 1

9) Ability to draw audiences attention 0.5 1

10) Delivery 0.5 1

Total: _________________ / 20

General Comments:

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Prof. Suy Sareth