C on n uc m 1 9 1 3, BY

SULLY A N D KLE IN TE IC H

A ll rights v
r es er ed.
 PR E FA C E

This book c on ta in s m ore th an th ousan d

on e
facts , m a n y of w h ic h not
ar e g en er a ll y k n o w n

t o the average per s on ; but all of the m are of

i nte r e s t to h u m a n k i n d a n d a knowledge o f
,

m a n y of the m i s essential .

The autho r has u s ed the s i m plest E ngli s h ,

a n d has avoided as fa r a s po s ible a l l tech n ical

, ,

o r scientic term s . He h a s endeavored not

t o fall into the co mm on e r r o r of m aking his
e x plan a tions harder to un d e r stan d than th e
s ubj ect s treated .

Thi s book i s not intended for the scientist ,

n or d oes it clai m to be ex hau s tive .

In the space of a few hundred pages th e

w r ite r h a s p re s ented the tho u s and or m o r e
t hings whic h are really wo r th knowing and ,

w hic h a r e u s ually de s c r ibe d at unprotable

l ength a n d without that s i m plicity of e x pr e s
s ion s o essential to clearness .
 Abbr evi a ti on s i n Comm on Us e

Abbreviations given are those w h ic h a r e

fre quently u s e d For com plete list of a b b r e .

v i a ti on s the rea d er is refer red to any u n

,

ab r i d ged dictiona r y

.

A B o r B A B a ch el or C O L Col on el

. . . . .

o f A r ts . D C D is tr ict of Colum

.

A D In th e Yea r o f b ia D i s tr i ct C ou r t

. . , .

O u r Lor d D C L Doctor o f Can on

. . .

A g L ag en t La w

. .

A M o r M A M as ter D D S or D M D
. . . . . . . . . .

o i Ar ts Doctor of D en tal Su rg

.

bb l b ar r el er y

. . .

B Agr Bach el or o f Ag D D Doctor o f Divinity

. . . . .

r i cu l tu r e D Lite Doctor o f Liter

. .

B C Befor e Ch r i s t a tu r e

. . .

B D
. B ach o o Divin D M or D Mu s Doctor
. el r f . . .

ity o f M u s ic
B L B ach el or o f Law s D Ph Doctor o f Phil os

. .

B M o r B M u s B ach
. . . .

. . op h y . . .

el or o f M u s i c Dr Doctor

-
. . .

B Pd Bach e or o f Ped D S c D octor o f Scien ce

. l . . .

a g ogy D V S Doctor o f V et

-
. . . .

B .P h Bach el or o f Ph il er i n a r y Su r g er y .

o s oph y E D Doctor o f Electr ic -

. . .

B S B ach elor o f Su r g i ty
E E Electr ica l En g in eer
. . .

B ach elor
r y.
F O B F r ee on b oar d
. .

B S or B Se
G A R G r an d A r m y o f
. . . . . . .

S ci ence
of
Ca p t Cap tain
. . . .

th e R epu b l ic

. .

C E Civil En gi n eer Gen or G cn l

en er al G
G ov Go ern or
-
. . . .

C O D Cas h ( col lect) v

. . . . .

on D el iv er y . H on H on or able .
2 1000 THINGS WORTH KN O WIN G
i e th at i s Mu s B Bach elor of

-
. . . . .

in t in ter es t Mu s i c
D Doctor
. .

J C . . . of Ci vil Mu s D D o c t o r . . of
Law M u s ic

. .

I D Doctor of Law s
. . . Pd B Bach el or
. . of Ped
J P . u s t i c e of th e
.
-
J
Peace Pd D D octor of Ped

-
. . .

i
{at la ti tu d e
Jp J or
r or n u n agogy

. . .

e . Ph . B Ba ch elor
. of Phi
l b poun d l os oph y

-
. . .

Lieu t o r Lt Lieu ten an t Ph D Doctor of h i los P

. .

B
. .

i
L tt o r Li t B B ach oph y

. . . . .

cl or of Liter atu r e P M Pos tm as ter

. . . .

L i tt o r L it D DDoc P O Pos t Of ce
r o f P r ofes s or
-
. . . . . . .

tor o f Li ter atu r e P

. . .

LL B B ach el or o f Law s P S Pos ts cr ipt

. . . . . .

LL D Docto r o f Law s R ev Re er en d v

-
. . . . .

M Agr Mas ter o f Ag r i

. . S B o Sc
. r B B ach el or
. . .

cu l tu r e of S cien ce
M aj Mai or
. .

Sc D Doctor o f S ci

. . .
.

M C M em ber of Con en ce

. .

gr es s S T B Ba ch elor of
D Doctor
. . . .

M of Med i S acr ed
Th eol ogy

. . .

ci n e. 8 T D Doctor of
M ember
.

M P of Pa r l ia Sacred Th eology

. . .

mea t Rt H o n Ri gh t H on or

. . .

M P of C M em ber a bl e

. . .

Par l iam en t in Can ad a Rt R ev R igh t Rev er en d

. . . .

M S M as ter o f S cien ce V R ev Very Rever en d

rnanus cript
. . . . . .

ms .
. y d y a . r d .

yr y ea r
-
. .

Acetylene gas i s u s ed
A cetyl en e G as .
-

largely for the s ea r ch lam ps o n autom obiles -

.

It is com po s e d of ca r bon a n d hy d rogen .

e
Ad v n s s
t i t A religi ous sect whose m em
bers believe that the second com ing of C hri s t
i s near at h a nd There are ov er c om .

m u n i ca n ts and m inister s .
 ICED TH IN G S WO R TH KN OWIN G 3

E oli an H ar p This i ns tr um en t w as in
ven
. te d in th e 1 7th centu r y and w a s n am ed
a fte r E ol u s th e god of th e w inds
, It i s of .

t h e s i m plest c on s truction a n d its m u s i c is ,

p r o duced by the vibr a tion o f the strings a u

t om a ti c a l l m oved by the win d s In
y con .

s tru ctio n i t is a rectangular b o x of thin boar d s

o f a few i nches in depth and w idth and of
s u f c i ent length to e x tend ac r o s s a windo w so
t hat th e breeze m ay pa s s th r ough it The .

s trings are s tretche d lengthwi s e ac r o s s the

top of the b ox and m ay be tuned by i n cr ea s
,

i n g or decreasing their tension .

A e
g About
-
5 0 per cent of the persons liv .

i n g i n the United S tate s are unde r 20 years of

age 45 per cent fro m 20 to 60 yea r s a n d 5
, .
,

per cent over 60 years the ave r age age being

.
,

a bout 2 5years Th is ave r age s eem s low and

.
,

is due largely to infant m o r tality If the per .

c entage was taken e x cluding t h o s e under 1 5

years of age it would be ve r y m uch higher
Agr i cu l tu r al Im p l em e n t In d u s tr y
.

C apital .

i n ve s te d about , a n d an annual
o utput of about About
p eople are e m ployed .

Al a s k a Alaska is the onl y territory Not the

.
-

United S tates the H awaiian I s lands Po r to

, ,

Ric o a n d the Philippines being known as Po s

,

s es s ions It has an a r ea of over

. s qua r e

m ile s a n d a population o f about

,
It s
c li m at e i s se m ipolar .
4 1 00
0 THINGS W O RT H KNOWI N G
A l ge b r a
The d i s coverer or the rst u ser
of algebra i s u nknown It is said that D io .

p h a n tu s w r ote it in 1 70 A D ,
and he m ay . .

have been i ts inventor It w a s brought into .

S pain in about 900 Its s igns a r e s ai d to hav e

.

been u s e d r s t i n 1 544, but algeb r a did n ot

com e into co m m on u s e until 1 590 D e s cartes .

applie d a l geb r a to geo m etry in 1 637 ,

A l m an a c s word . al m anac
-
Th e 18 of
S ax on o r igin and probably the r s t al m anac
,

w a s publi s hed in 1 47 0 and the rst i n E ngli s h ,

in 1 673 .

A m a zon s A n ancient body of warlik e

.

wo m en r uled by a queen w h o allowed n o

, ,

m a n to live with the m They we r e oppo s ed .

to m a r r i a ge a n d r e s olve d to fo r m a fe m ale
s tate They bu r ned off thei r r ight b r easts
.

that they m ight be tt e r u s e th e bow a n d j ave

lin Thi s cu s to m is the o r igin of the nam e
.

A m azon s or b r ea s tle s s one s .

A p o s tle s C ree d C on s ide r e d by m o s t B ib l i

cal s tu d ents a s the ea r lie s t fo r m of C hri s tian

c r eed It i s att r ibu t ed di r ec tly to the Apo s
.

tle s It i s doub tle s s the fo r m ula o f belief that

.

ex i s te d in a ll the ea r ly Latin c h ur che s It was .

m ade a p a r t of public wo r s hip of the C h r i s ti a n

church at Antioch a n d intr o d uced into the ,

R o m an C atholic C hu r ch in the eleventh cen

tury and s ubsequently into the Church of
,

E nglan d .

Ap r il F ool s D ay Its origin is unknown

.
,
 1 000 THI N G S WO R TH KNOWI N G 5
but it i s s upposed to follow an ancient p a gea n t
c u s to m of playing t r icks on the r s t d ay of
Ap r il .

A r b or D a y A few yea r s ago the United

.

S tate s and C an a da o fci a lly s et apa r t one d a y :

i n th e year for the pl a nting o f t r ee s s h r ub s , ,

e tc . It was the intention to have thi s d ay

o bserved chiey by the chil d r en of the public
s chool s Its ob s e r vance h a s re s ulted in the
.

p lanting o f m illion s of tree s .

A r i th m etic While the inventor or d i s cov

.
-

e rer of ari t h m etic i s unkn o wn it i s s ai d that ,

i t was brought fr o m E gy pt i n to Greece in 600

B C
. . E uclid i s the aut h o r of the ol d e s t t r eat
i s e upon a r i th m etic a n d w r o t e it about 300 B .

C . Th e a r i th m e t ic of d eci m al s began in 1 482 ,

and th e r st arith m etic in E ngli s h w a s printed

in 1 5
22 .

A rte s i an Well A
a r te s ian well i s one
s . n

m ade by bo r ing perpen d icul a r ly into the

ea r th Th e olde s t kn own well of thi s kin d
.

w a s s unk in E u r ope in 1 1 26 Pr obably the .

m o s t fa m ou s o n e i s n ear P a r i s which w a s ,

b o r e d i n 1833 b r in ging w a ter fr om a dep

, p th of
1 79 2 feet F ro m thi s well 51 6 gallon s of water
.

ow per m inute In Mi s s ou r i the r e 1 3 one well

.

2 1 9 7 feet deep a n d another ne a r ly 4000 feet

,

d eep . Th e invention of the a r te s ian well is

u n d oubte d ly due to the C hine s e .

A rt i cial I ce The a r ticial m a nufactu r e of

.

i c e i s of s o m ewhat r ecent o r igin and the r e ,

6 1000 THIN GS W O RTH KN O WING
are over ic e m akin g p la n ts i n th e United
-

S t a tes ex clusive of those used by breweries

, ,

p ackers and others

, for the m aking o f their
ow n ice Articial ice m aking showed an i n
.
-

c reas e of 8 1 p er cent durin g th e last few .

yea rs .

A tl an ti c Cabl e The or igi nal or rather th e

.
-
, ,

rst perm anent cable was laid i n July 1866 , , ,

c onnecting Ireland with N ewfoundland ; but

a n earlier cable was laid between th e for e

g oing point s which was lost in

, construct i on .

This lost cable however was rec overed a n d , ,

co m pleted .

In 1 868 a cabl e w as laid from F rance to

D ux bury Mass In 1 873 the fourth Atlantic
, .

cable connected Irelan d and Trinity B ay N ew ,

Fou n d l an d S everal cable s have been s u b s e

.

q uently laid and are m aintained , .

C onside r able d i fculty was ex perienced in

o btaining the right kin d and a su f cient cur ,

rent of electricity whic h would carry th e

, ,

m essage several thousand m iles u nder water ,

a n cl n ot p ass fro m th e cable int o th e water i t

s el f

Tw o keys used wh ic h wh en d epressed

ar e , , ,

trans m it re s pectively po s itive and negativ e

c urrents co m ing f r o m the connected batterie s .

Th e curr ent d oes not pas s d irectly into the .

cable b ut enter s what i s known as a con d en

,

s er, and from the r e reaches the wire itself .

Thi s inc r ea s e s the fo r ce of the current a n d

o verco m es interfe r i n g ear th c u rrents .
 1000 THINGS WORTH KNOWI N G 7
O r igi nally th e m es s ages were r eceived by
a reecting galvano m eter Upon the m agnet
.

o f this in s tru m ent was placed a s m all curved

m i r ror a n d in fr ont of it was a lighte d la m p
,

behin d a fr a m e with a vertical s lit Th e light

. .

from the la m p pa s s ed th r ough the slit and fell

upon the s urface of the m irror Th e as hes .

of light m oving with the m ove m ents of the

s u s pen d e d nee d le indicated the m e s s age sent
, .

B ecau s e of the delicacy of the i n s tr u m n t it ,

w a s di f cult to tran s late the telegr aphic cod e .

The s y s te m h a s been enti r ely super s eded by

the u s e of the s yphon galvano m eter Thi s .

n eedle is a ffected by the cur r ent s and m oves

,

i n re s ponse to the o peni n g a n d clo s ing of the

telegr aphic key It con s i s t s of a s m a l l hollow
.
'

n ee d le which s wing s between two x ed m a g

,

n ets. A ve r y s oluble a n a l i n e ink i s allowed

t o ow through the tube . Th e m outh of thi s
t ube i s s u s pen d e d a ve r y s m al l fraction above
a strip or roll of white paper which m ove s
,

a uto m atically . Th e vib r a tion or m ove m ents

o f the nee d le allow the ink to ow in irregu la r
l ine s or curve s upon the m oving paper Thes e .

i rregul a ritie s or curves indicate letters whic h ,

a r e ea s ily read by the receiving oper a tor .

C able d ispatches now a r e recorde d when ,

form erly they had to be read a s they wer e

s een, with the i m po s s ibility of retaining a n
a uto m atic record of the m .

P rofe s s or Mo r s e th einventor of telegraphy

, ,

m ay be con s i d ered the inventor of the cable ,

a lt h oug h he had little to do with its m ech a n i

8 1 000 THINGS WORTH KNOWIN G
ca l constr uction To M r Cyrus W Field
. . .

m u s t be g iven m uch of the c r edit for its a c ,

c o m p l i s h m en t w a s largely d u e to his foresight

a n d energy .

Th e cable consi s ts of seve r al copper wires

i m be d ded 1 n gutta percha or s i m ilar s ub s tance ,

which is one of th e be s t noncon d uctor s of

electr icity Th e cable with its sever al w i res
.

.
,

a n d cove r ings or in s ulation has a ci r cu m fer ,

ence equal to that of the old fa s hioned th r ee -

cent piece S everal wire s are i m bedded into

.

t h e i nsulatio n so as to in s ure better connec

,

t ion .

Th e cab l e is laid by ste am ers built for th e

purpos e They tr avel over a charted route
.
,

a n d u n s c i en ti ca l l y s peaking throw the cab l e

, ,

ove r boa r d Of cou r s e no cable coul d be con

.
,

structed of a length that would r each ac r o s s

the ocean N ew piece s are the r efore s pliced
.
, ,

in a s con d itions require I f the s ea is too

.

rough for the la ying of the cable the end i s ,

buoyed a n d picke d up when the wea ther

c h anges Th e cable lie s upon the botto m of
.

the ocean and a s the botto m of the ocean

, ,

is as i r regular a s the s urface of the earth with ,

its m ountains plateaus and valleys there is

, , ,

a lway s danger of the cable being broken or

i nju r e d although there i s of cour s e ab s olute
'

, , ,

q uiet at the botto m of the ocean Then m any .

,

feet or even a m ile o f cable m ay be stretched

, ,

b etween two proj ecting points and the strain ,

m ay part it in ti m e .
 1000 THING S WO RT H KNOWI N G 9

The process of locating a break or i nj u ry

i s very inter es ting Th e cable fails to work
. .

The ope r ator s tatione d at eithe r end d i s

.

char ges elect r icity into the cable and a l , ,

though it d oes n o t reach the other s i d e he ,

can by a d elicate in s tr u m ent l oc a te a p p r ox i

, ,

m ately the pl a ce of parting o r w h e r e inj u r y

has o ccurre d Th e repair s tea m e r s ails for
.

the place With gr appling i r on s it b r ings the

.

cable to the s urface ; but a s the location of the

break cannot be dete r m ined accu r ately th e ,

electrician on b oa r d m u s t d ete r m i n e which

way to s ail to locate the place of the tr ouble .

He atta ches the cabl e to a batte r y on boar d ,

and open s connection with the l a n d If the .

break for ex a m ple i s betwe en h im and

, ,

E urope the E u r opean ope r ator will not r e

,

s p on d but he will receive a r eply fr o m the

,

A m erican operator H e then di r ects the v es

.

s el s cou r s e toward s E urope The cable

.
,

w hen it i s taken on boa r d i s r u n on pulley ,

w heel s one i n the bow a n d one in the s te r n

,

of the ves s el a n d the ve s s el s ail s s lowly u n

,

d er the cable A s the ve s s el i s two or three

.

hun d red feet long s ev er a l hun d r ed feet of

,

cable will be ex po s ed Th e cable i s watched .

carefully and the b r eak or inj u r y will be

,

ea s ily locate d When it is the oper ato r c on

.
,

n e e t s the cable with the bat t er ie s a n d then ,

telegraphs in the direction oppo s i te to that

fro m which he received a reply If h i s m es .

s age goes through the receivi n g ope r ato r will

,
10 1 000 THINGS WO R TH KNOWING
re spon d If a reply co m e s he knows he has
.
,

locate d the b r eak ; if no reply i s r eceive d ther e ,

m u s t be other b r e a k s in the s a m e di r ection .

Th e b r e a k is repai r e d a n d the s te a m er s ail s

,

o n until it n d s anothe r b r eak or inj u r y I .

have atte m pte d to ex pl a in thi s in the si m plest

w o r ds . It i s obviou s th a t a s cientic e x plana
tion would be unintelligible to the average
reader .

A tm o s p h er e While accu r a te gu r e s are

.

i m po s s ible a n d while a s t r onom er s s o m ewhat

,

d i ffer it is gen er a lly conce d ed that the ea r th s

,

atm o s phere ex te n d s f r o m the s u r face to an a l

ti tu d e of about 40 m ile s It i s theo r etically
.

o r s cien t ically accepted that t h e d e n s ity of

the atm osphe r e at only a few m ile s fro m the
su r face of the earth is not su f cient to s u p
por t life .

A u ror a B or e al i s Until electricity w a s dis

.
-

covere d the o r igin of the auro r a boreali s w a s

,

unknown a n d w a s s uppo s ed to be of s uper

,

natu r al origin E ven to day i ts e x act c om

.
-

po s ition or s ou r ce i s m o r e o r les s of a m y s tery ,

but it i s gener ally s uppo s e d that it i s cau s e d

by the reco m po s ition of po s itive and negative
electr icity It ex i s ts only in the regions of
.

the pole s alth o ugh i ts light i s s een to a m od

,

c r ate d eg r ee over th e g re a te r part of the ea r th .

Au to m obile s All vehicle s u s ed on the c om

.

m o n highw a y a n d p r
,
o pelle d by any m echa m
cal powe r whether it be by s t ea m gas ol i ne
, , ,
12 IMO THING S WORTH KNOWING
tu r i es parts of the B ible were translated into
Anglo S a x on a n d in 1 290 appear ed an E n g
-

li s h ve r sion of th e Psal m s In 1 380 the N ew .

Tes ta m ent was n i s hed and a li ttle later the ,

Old Te s ta m ent was fully tr anslated Th e s o .

c a lled King Jam es B ible was published in

16 1 0 and re m ained in co m m on use until the
,

p r esent r ev i sions wer e m ade .

B ibl e Statis ti cs

Ol d N ew
Tes tam en t Tes tam ent Total
39 27 66
2 60

The shortest chapter is Psal m c x v u ; E zra

v ii ~ 2 1 contains all the letters of the alphabet
, ,

ex cept j ; E s ther viii 9 is the longest verse ;

, ,

John x i 3 5 is the shortest verse There is n o

,
-
, .

word of m o r e than s ix s yllables in the B ible .

i -
l
R Met al i s m l A m onetary syst em in which
g ol d and s ilver a r e put on the s a m e plane as

r egar d s m intage and legal tender -

.

B ir th S ton e s
January, garn et ; F ebruar y ,
a m ethyst ; March , bloo d stone or j asper ; April ,
diam ond or s a pphire ; May, e m erald or car
neli a n ; June agate or chalcedo n y ; July ruby
, ,

or onyx ; August s a r donyx ; S epte m ber chry

, ,
 THINGS WORTH KNOWI N G 13

s olite ; October op al or bery l ; Novem b er to

, ,

paz ; D ec em ber tur quoise , .

Bl i d
n In the United S tates there a r e
about blind per s ons a little m ore than ,

half of whom are totally blin d Of this n u m .

ber about are m ales and about ,

fem a les .

B l ood h e at -
The n orm al te m perature of
.
-

m a n i s about F arenheit Thi s te m pera .

tu r e is m aintaine d with a var iation of not m ore

than two d egree s whether one live s on the ,

E quator or in the Arctic r egions Any great .

d eviation i s lik ely to prove fatal Ani m als .

have about the s a m e te m peratu r e as m a n ,

while the bloo d o f birds i s from eight to ten

degrees wa r m er R eptile s she s and all in
.
, ,

v ertebrate s m aintain te m peratures about the

s am e as that of their en v i r o n m n t .

B l u e G ra s s R egi o n
- A n un d ulating plateau .

i n the no r th centr a l pa r t of Kentucky cover

-

ing about square m ile s is known a s the ,

Blue G r a s s R egion
-
The underlying rock for .

15 0 o r m ore feet is blue li m estone very rich ,

in phosphate of li m e Thi s rock cru m bles on .

ex posure to the air a n d enriches the soil TO .

bacco and hem p have two crops a yea r and

grow to a great height M eadow gr a s s gr ows .

continuously The B lue Gras s R egion for

.
-

m any year s has been the centre of the blood ed

stock of Am erica .
14 1000 THINGS WO RTH KN OWIN G
Box er s A
C hinese s ecret s ociety s uppose d
.

to be sem ireligi ous and sem ipatriotic Th e .

B ox ers originally believed that they were i m

m une fro m death or physical inj ury, and that
hey could, with safety, attack any foreign
toe .

B r ain As
the action of the brain h a s not ,

as yet been s een by m an no one at the pres

, , ,

ent d ay kn ow s ju s t what it i s beyon d its

'

m e r ely phy s iological or m echanical sub s tance .

It is s ai d that the brain of the norm al m an

contains over cells and that about ,

are d es tr oye d eve r y m inute If thi s is .

the case then a new b r ain appears once in 60

,

days The no r m al b r ain h a s a volu m e of

.
~

fr o m 58 to 105cubic inches The brain of the .

Anglo S ax on and Ger m an and of other civil

-

i z ed nations ave r age s the larger nu m ber

, ,

while the negro brain occupies a s pace of

about 96 cubic inches and so m e Au s tralia n
,

n atives have b r ain s of only about 58 cubi c

inche s The m ale b r ain i s about ten per cent
. .

heavier or la r ger than that of the fe m ale .

Th e m ost intellige n t ani m als have only about

1 6 ounces of b r ain s Th e size of the b r a in
.
,

if it is not below no r m al does not appear to

,

inuence the intellectuality of its pos s es s or .

Men with s m all b r ain s m ay have larger m ind

capacity than some of those p qs s es s in g b r ains
weighing seve r a l ounces m ore It would a p .

pear then that the s i z e of th e brain unl ess

, , ,
 DO
1C THI N GS WO RTH KN OWING 15

i t be un u sually s m all has littl e to d o with i ts ,

qu ality .

B r ead It is said that the Chines e were the

-
.

rst brea d m akers and that they m a d e b r ea d ,

fr o m wheat and r ice a s early a s 1 99 8 B C . .

P r obably the r s t bread m ade fro m yea s t was

baked i n E nglan d i n about 1634 A er ated .

b r ea d which ri s es f r om carbolic aci d ga s i n

,

j e c te d into the d ough beca m e s o m ewha t c o m ,

m o n in 185 7 but p r actically all b r ea d bak

, ,

c r y m a d e o r ho m e m a d e owe s its leavening to

- -

yeast or baking pow d er .

B re a k fa s t F oo d s B reakfas t foods in th e
m ain a r e co m po s ed of either corn wheat or , ,

o a t pro d uct s a few being m a d e of ba r ley

, ,

s ta r ch and tapioca They a r e sold un d er

, .

trade nam es and m o s t of the m need n o cook

,

ing by the con s u m er as th ey wer e p r operly ,

c ooked at the m ill Usually they a r e m ade

.

o f only on e grain and to so m e of the m i s

,

a d ded a sm all qua n tity of s alt Mos t of the m .

are pure products a n d a r e una d ulte r ate d but ,

few if any of the m are any bet ter than th e

, ,

grain s ol d in bulk which ca n be purcha s e d ,

for about 4 cents per pound .

B r ook F a r m A fa m ous sociali s tic com

.
-

m unity o r iginate d by Geo r ge R ipley and

,

other s in 1 84 1 and locate d near We s t R ox

bury Ma s s achu s etts Th e e s tate con s i s ted of
, .

tw o hund r ed acres and a co m pany of ed u ,

16 1 000 T H INGS WORTH KN OWIN G
c a ted and wo m en s ettled he r e to work
m en
o u t an ex pe r i m ent in which each pe r s on per ,

form ed a cert a in s ha r e of nece s s a r y m anual

labor Th e ente r p r ise w a s aban d oned as an
.

utter failu r e in 1 846 A m ong the pe r s ons con .

n ec ted with the m ove m e n t we r e Geo r ge R i p

ley C h arles A D a na R a lph Wal d o E m er s on
, .
, ,

N athaniel H aw tho r ne George Willia m C urtis , ,

Theo d o r e Parker Mar garet F uller and D r , , .

C hanning .

C al cu l a tin g In t er es t
To nd the inte r e s t on any at any rate s um ,
per cent and for any length of tim e : l s t
.
, .

M u ltiply the p r incip a l by the r ate p er cent .

,

ex p r e s s e d in hund r edth s ; thi s will give the

intere s t for one year 2u d F ind th e nu m ber . .

o f day s re m aining by con s ulting the calendar ;

a n d m ulti ply the p r incipal by a s m any h u n
d r ed th s a s the r e a r e d a y s and fo r 3 per cent , .
,

d ivide th e p r oduct by 1 20 ; for 4 per cent .

,

d ivide by 90 ; for 5per cent divide by 7 2 ; for .

,

6 per cent d ivide by 60 ; for 7p er cent d ivide

.
, .
,

by 5 2 ; for 8 per cent divi d e by 45; for 9 p er .

,

cent d ivi d e by 40 ; for 1 0 p er cent d ivide by

.
, .
,

36 ; and for 1 2 p er cent d ivide by 30 Thi s .

, .

will give the inte r e s t for the d ay s 3r d A d d . .

th e t w o ite m s of i ntere s t a n d the s u m will ,

b e the enti re inte r e s t .

To n d the nu m ber of days fro m any day

of any on e m onth to the sa m e day of any
o ther m onth .
 1 000 TH I N G S WO R TH K N OWI N G 17

PM
5m g
.
9 a
S 5 .

To J an u ar y 3 65
Febr u a r y 31 3 06 2 76
M ar c h S9 28 3 6 5
A "I 90 59 3
3y 0 0 0 0 1 20 8 9
1 51 1 20
J
u ne
ul y 1 8 1 1 50
A u gu s t 2 12 18 1
S ep tem ber 2 43 2 1 2
O c tobe r 2 73 24 2
N ov e m be r 3 04 2 73
Decem be r 334 303
N B
. .
I n y ea r .

between , th e n u m be r

C a n a l s Th e S uez C anal i s 90 m ile s lon g

with a d epth of 3 5 feet a n d i s 1 08 feet wi d e ,

at the botto m It cost Th e

.

Manches ter C anal , between Manche s ter a n d

Live r pool is 3 SV ; m ile s long, with a d epth of
,

28 feet a n d 1 20 feet wi d e at the botto m

, It .

co s t The canal connecti n g the

B altic a n d N o r th S ea s i s 6 1 m ile s long 29 % ,

feet deep a n d h a s a botto m width of 72 feet

, .

It co s t The Pana m a C anal ,

which is not yet co m plete d will be about 50 ,

m ile s in length with a wi d th of 300 feet a n d

, ,

a m ini m u m d epth of 4 1 feet Th e Unite d .

S tates Govern m ent p a i d to the new

F r ench C anal C o m pany and the R epublic of
Pana m a for prope r ty righ ts and fr anchise s
, ,

a n d the tota l co s t of the canal will not be far

fr o m At the p r e s ent tim e nea r ly
m en a r e at work upon the canal a n d ,

the oi c i al opening is announce d for Janua r y

18 1 999 THI N G S WO RTH KN OWING
1 , 19 1 5 When com pleted it will be the larg
.
,

est work of its clas s in th e wo r ld although ,

n ot th e longest canal .

Ca p a city of C i s ter n s or Well s For each .

ten inches in depth a cistern 2 feet in diam ,

eter will hold 1 9 gallon s ; 2 % ft 30 g ; 3 ft .

, .

44 g ; 3 % ft 60 g ; 4 ft 78 g ; 4 % ft 9 7 g ;
. .
, . .
, . .
, .

5ft 1 22 g ; 5% ft 1 48 g ; 6 ft 1 76 g ; 6 %
.
, . .
, . .
, .

ft 207 g ; 7 ft 240 g ; 7% ft 275 g ; 8 ft

.
, . .
, . .
, . .
,

3 1 3 g ; 8% ft 3 5 3 g ; 9 ft 396 g ; 9 % ft
. .
, . .
, . .

46 1 g ; 1 0 ft 489 g . 1 1 ft 5 92 g ; 1 2 ft 70 0
.
, . .
, . .
,

g ;
. 1 3 ft 827 g ; 1 4 ft 9
. 59,g ; 1 5 ft 1 10 1 g ; . .
, . .

3 ) ft 1 9 5 8 g ; 2 5ft 30 5
.
, 9 g . .
, .

Ca p itol at Wa s h i n gt on The C apitol is sit .

u a ted in latitude 38 53 no r th and longi

tu d e west from Greenwich It .

fr onts east and stands on a plateau eighty ,

eight feet above the level of th e Poto m ac .

Th e entire le n gth of the b u i l d in fro m north

to s outh is 751 feet 4 inches an its greatest ,

dim ension from east to wes t 3 50 feet Th e .

a r ea covered by the building is square

feet The dom e of th e original centr al build
.

ing was constr ucte d of wood covered with ,

copper Thi s w a s replaced in 1 856 by the

.

p r e s ent structur e of ca s t i r on Th e enti r e .

weight of iron u s e d is poun d s The .

d o m e is crowne d by a bronze s tatue of F r ee

d o m which i s ni n eteen feet s ix inche s high
, , ,

a n d weigh s pounds The height of the .

d om e above the bas e line of the ea s t front is

287 feet 5 inches Th e height fro m the top .
20 1000 THING S WO RTH KNOWING
ti ed , with the nam e of th e bank and the
s ignature of the ca s hier or other o f cial The .

bank then beco m e s liable for the a m ount of

, ,

the check If the m ake r of a check has his

.

check ce r tie d he i s j ointly r espon s ible with

,

the bank for i ts paym ent but if the receiver

,

of the check h a s it certied the m aker of t h e

,

check is relea s ed fro m all re s ponsibility .

C h em ical C om p os i ti on of M a n
H u x ley s table on the che m ical co m po s ition

of m a n of the ave r age weight of 1 5 4 pounds

w a s for ye a r s the s ta n d a r d but it h a s recently
,

been supersede d by a n ew one com piled by the

F rench Aca d e m y of S ciences Th e table is
.

appended :
E lem en ts Pou n d s Ou n ces G r ai n s
1 11 8 0
21 6 o
21 0 o
3 IO 0
1 2 88
2 o 0
Su l p h u r 0 o 2 19
Ch l o ri n e 0 2 47
Sod iu m ( s alt) 0 2 1 16
I r on 0 0 1 00
Pota s s iu m 0 0
M agn es iu m o 0
S il ica 0 0
Wor ld A l m ana c
Che
.

C h es s is on e of the olde s t and prob

s s ,

ably the m o s t s cientic game known Its

, .

ori gi n i s m ys terious It was m entioned in

.
 1000 THING S WO R TH KNOWIN G 21

Orienta l literatur e about 2000 B C It was . .

origi nally played in In d ia Pe r s ia and A r abia , , ,

and subsequently was known in S pain and

We s tern E urope It i s s aid that it was i n
vented i n order to tekeh the art of war
.

C h r i s tm a s A fe s tival co m m e m ora ting the

.
-

b i r th of Chri s t S aid to have been observed

.

a s early a s 98 S o m e of the ea r ly C h r i s tian s

.

celeb r a te d th e event in May ; others in Apri l

and in June In the fth centu r y it was gen
.
,

er al ly observed o n the 2 5 th of D ece m ber .

C ir cu l a ti on of th e B l ood Although even

the savage had seen and s pilled blood the ,

circulation of the blood and the pa r t that it

,

plays in the hu m an m achine was n ot dis ,

covered until about 1 6 1 6 by the E nglish phy ,

s iol ogi s t Willia m H arvey

, .

Cli m a te an d Tem p e r atu re C li m atic condi .

-

tion s are dependent upon heat m oi s ture and , ,

altitud e The greatest heat is at the equator

.

and di m ini s hes a s one ap r oa ch es either pole ,

but a place of high altitude nea r the equator

m a y be cooler tha n another fa r ther rem oved
fr o m it and occupying a s hut in or low po s i -

tion It i s war m at ti m es even near th e poles

.
,
.

Th e cli m ate i s also a ff ected by th e win d s and ,

ver y gr eatly by the ocean and especially by ,

ocean cu r r ents Take E ngland for ex a m ple :

.
,

it is con s ide r a bly fu r the r north than B oston

or N ew York C ity and yet its cli m ate is m uch
,

warm e r or m ilder due to its p r ox m ity to the

,
22 1 000 THINGS WORTH KN O WING
Gulf S tream Land near th e ocean i s l ikely

to be cooler m su m m er on account of its pre

vailing wind s and warm er in winter becau s e
,

a la r ge body of water red uces the cold It i s .

well known that town s on the s eashore do not

-

s u ffe r f r o m e x t r e m e cold a s m uch as do tho s e

in the sam e latitude further inland The a l .

ti tu d e h a s m uch to do with cli m ate E ven in .

the wa r m e s t countr ie s w here the heat i s i n ,

tens e the top s of high m ountain s are clothed

,

w ith snow F orests by th eir shad e re d uc e

.
, ,

the te m pe r ature .

Co al I d s r
n u t y In th e United S tates the
.

c oal elds have an area of e x ceeding

square m ile s but it i s s upposed that the r e a r e
,

a t least square m iles which contai n

c oal Th e e s ti m ate d quantity of the availabl e
.

coal is ex cee d ing tons .

Coc oa I nd u str y The wo r ld produces ab ou t

.
-

pounds of cocoa annually Th e .

United S tate s consu m es about

pound s ; Ge r m any about 1 12 F r anc e
about E ngland about
the total con s u m ption being about 507000 000 , .

Co ff ee I n d u s tr y B r azil about.
,

000 C ent r al A m e r ica about

,
Vene
,

z u el a about ,
othe r S outh A m e r ican
countr ie s about H ayti and S anto
D o m ingo about , Mex ico about 43 , ,

Po r to R ico about ,Jam aica ,

ab out a total of nearly

 1 000 THINGS WO RTH KNOWING 23

000 pounds annually Th e United S tates con .

~

s um es about p ounds a year .

Co i n Money in the fo r m of m etallic coins

.
-
, ,

probably s upe r s eded all other legal tenders .

The r s t record of the coining of silver w a s

I

in 869 B C and it w a s m ade in R om e as

. .
,

ea r ly as 269 B C and in Great B r itain 25

. .
,

years befor e the C h r i s tian E r a Gold w a s rst .

coined in E ngland in 1 087 C opper m oney .

w a s intro d uced by Ja m e s I of E ngland in 1 620 .

The United S tates m int began to coin m oney

i n 1 79 3 .

C ol os s e u m .

The building of the Colosseu m
at R o m e began in A D 80 It covers about . . .

ve ac r e s of gr oun d , and h a s a seating capa

c ity for nea r ly pe r s on s It w a s built .

i n the fo r m of an oval with a diam eter va r y ,

ing fr o m 3 1 2 to 51 5 feet the height being ,

fr om 1 60 to 1 80 feet In i ts a r ena the gladia .

,

t ors fought a m ong the m selve s and with wild

bea s ts A t i ts de d ication by Titu s
. wild ,

beas ts were kille d and the celebration la s ted ,

for nea r ly a hun d r ed days Occa s ionally the .

arena was ooded with w ater and s ea ghts ,

took plac e .

Com ets Co m ets a r e suppo s ed to be m ad e

u p of an innu m e r able nu m ber of m eteor s with ,

m illion s of m iles of bu r ning g a s They have .

regu la r orbits but they have not been fully

,

es tabli s hed and a r e m o r e o r less eccent r ic .

They are not supposed to shine by their ow n

24 THINGS W O RT H K NOWING
light but to obtain it by re ection Th e orbit
, .

of com ets was di s cove r ed by H adley i n 1 682 ,

who p r edicted their return S o m eti m es th e .

head a n d tail part and re m ain so Thei r n u m

, .

ber i s unknown but there a r e suppose d to be

,

thousand s of the m Th e co m et for m e r ly w a s.

looked upon as a s ou r ce of d anger and it was ,

suppo s ed that the near app r oach of one of

the m would de s tr oy th e earth or any other
c elestial body R ecent resea r ch however i n
.
, ,

d ic a tes that co m ets have not su fcient density

to cause da m age although they m ight a ec t
,

the atm o s phe r e Th e p r incipal thing to be

.

feared however if there i s a n y danger is that

, , ,

the envelop m ent of the earth by the co m et s

g a s would dest r oy life but m ost astrono m e,r s

have a greed that the atm o s phere of th e earth
would be su fcient protection So far as is .

known no com et h a s ever caused any inj u r y

, ,

and as they h ave e x i s ted fro m ti m e i m m em o

rial the r e would appear to be no reason for
,

al arm .

C omm on Mea s ur em ents

D iam eter o f a ci r cle X C irc u m fer
,

ence .

R adius of a circle X C ircu m fer

enc e .

S quare of th e radius of a circle X 3 1 416

'

=l 3
.

Area .

S quare of th e d iam eter of a circle X 785 4 .

Area .
 1000 THING S WO RTH KNOWIN G 25

S quare of the circu m ference o f a circle X

079 5 8 A r ea .

H alf the ci r cu m fe r ence of a ci r cle X half its

d ia m eter A r ea .

C ircu m ference of a c i r cle X 1 5 915 5 Ra .

di n s
.

S quar e root of the area of a ci r cle X 5 64 1 9 .

R adius .

C i r cu m ference of a ci r cle X 3 1 83 1 D iam

eter .

S quare root of the area of a ci r cle X

D ia m eter .

D ia m ete r of a ci r cle X 86 S ide of ih .

=

scribed equilate r al tr iangl e .

D ia m eter of a ci r cle X 7071 Si d e of an

.
=

inscribed squa r e .

C ircu m fe r ence of a c i r cl e X 226 S ide of

"
- =
.

an insc ribed s quare .

C i r cu m fe r ence of a circle X 282 S ide of .

= =

square of equal a r ea .

D ia m eter of a circle X 8862 S ide of a .

squa r e o f equal area .

B ase of a t r iangle X on e half the altitude -

A r ea .

Th e product of both dia m eters X

Area of an ellip s e .

S urface of a s phere X on e si x th of its diam -

eter Soli d ity .

Circu m ferenc e of a sphere X its dia m eter = =

S u r face .

S quar e of the c i rcu m ferenc e of a sphere X

.3 1 83 S u r face .
26 1 000 THINGS WO RTH KNOWING
S quare root of the surfac e of a sphere X
C ircu m fe r ence .

S quare of one of its sides X 6 S urfac e of = =

a cube .

A r ea of the base of a square round or tri ,

angula r pyra m i d or of a cone X on e third of

, ,
-

its altitude Soli d ity .

A r ea of square X 785 4 Area of largest

.
= =

circle within it .

A rea of ci r cle X 625 Area of largest .

=

square within it

.

Sp er s
h e S qua r e of circu m ference X 3 183
. .

S urface o f sphere .

S quare of d iam eter X 3 1 4 1 6 S urfac e of .

=

S phere .

S quare root o f su r fac e X 5 642 D iam eter .

of s phere .

C ube of dia m eter X Solidity of

S phere .

C ube of circu m ferenc e X Solidity of

S phe r e.

ube root of solidity X 1 240 7 D iam eter of

g
s p ere
D ia m eter of sphere X S ide of i n
sc r ibed cube .

S quare root of solidity X 282 1 Radius .

=
.

S quare root of s olidity X 1 7725 C irc u m .

=

ference
so
.

C ube of radius X lidity .

C ube root of s oli d ity X 6204 R adius .

=
.

C ube root of s olidity X C ircu m fer

ence.
28 1000 THINGS W O RTH K NOWING

Com p a ra ti ve Popu l a ti on of th e L ar ge
C itie s an d Tow n s of th e U n ite d Sta tes
q

CLASS O F PLACES

Con ti n en ta l U n i te d S tates
A l l i n c or por at ed pl a c es
Pl a ce s of in h a bi ta n ts orm ore
Pl a h
.

ces of to i n a bita n ts
Pl ces h
. .

a of to i n a bit a n ts
Pl c h
. .

a es of to i n a bi ta n t s
Pl h
. .

aces of to i n a bi ta n ts "
Pl aces of to h
i n a bita n ts
Pl ace s of to h
i n a bi ta n ts
P l a ces of to h
i n a bitan ts
h
.

Pl ac es of to i n a bit a n ts
P laces of l es s t h
an i na bi ta n ts

C om p as s Th e com pas s
w a s unknown to
civilization until the clo s e of the twelfth cen
t ury but the r e ap pe a r s to be good authority
,

for the s tate m ent that it w a s u s ed in C hina

c entu r ie s befo r e the Eu r opean nations we r e
a ware of i ts power Th e co m pa s s con s i s t s of
.

a piece of s teel u s ually in the for m of a nee d le

, ,

which has been m agn etized s o a s to m aintain

i ts m agneti s m indenitely It i s s et on a piece .

of cork or rests lightly on a pivot and if a l ,

lowed to m ove freely it will point towar d s the ,

N orth Magnetic Pole the oppo s ite end of the ,

n eedle in d icating the S outh Magn etic Pole .

The nee d le doe s not point to th e Geo graphical

Pole but to the N o r th Magnetic Pole which
, ,

is so m e degree s S outh of the for m er The .

ear th is a m agnet and the m agnetic needle ,

 1000 THING S WO RTH K NOWIN G 29

is in uenced by th e currents of the earth and , ,

the r efore points to the N orth under the i n

,

u en c e of these currents N o com pas s i s a b .

s o l u t ely co r rect for the nee d le doe s not a l

,

way s point to the N o r th with a full degree of

accuracy It i s s ubj ect to variation s which
.
,

are cau s ed by out s ide inuence s like the pres ,

ence o f metallic s ub s tances Without the .

co m pa s s navigation would be un s afe if not

, ,

i m po s sible for no m a r iner without it would

, , ,

know the direction he is sailing i n a t night

or during a cloudy day .

ets
C or s .
The
co r s et or som ething si m ilar
,

to what i s now wo r n appeared in F r a nce and

,

Germ any in the 1 3th centu r y and a 1 00 year s ,

later w a s intro d uced into E nglan d Th e cloth .

w a s interwoven with rods of whalebone or

s teel but when the price of whalebone i n
,

creas ed other s ti ffening ro d s were used

, .

C s
o m e t i cs Va s eline cold cream and gly
. , ,

cer ine a r e pe r fectly s afe to u s e although the ,

latter irritate s s o m e s kins Mo s t of the c os .

m etics upon the m a r ket inclu d ing m any of ,

those adverti s ed to produce a good co m plex

ion are practically wor thles s a nd undoubte d ly
, ,

quite a nu m ber of the m contain poi s onous

d r ug s and che m icals The w r ite r doe s not r e
.

call a co s m etic which contain s any vi r tue not

found in col d cream vas elin e or glyceri ne , , .

Mo s t co s m etic s are m a d e of cold crea m or

v as eline highly pe r fu m ed and are clai m ed to
, ,
30 TH I N G S WO R TH K N OWI N G
po s sess s pecial virtue s I he only way to ob

tain a good com plex ion is to keep the s kin in

a healthy state by con s tant bathing and by
m assage either with the han d s or with a
,

towel with a m oderate u s e of cold crea m or

,

other si m ilar a r ticle N othing has eve r been

.

discove r ed which will re s to r e the bloo m of

youth a n d all articles adverti s ed for th at pur
,

pose a r e p r actically wo r thle s s If they con .

t ain any bloom it is in the form of a d y e
,

o r color . N o one s hould u s e any c o n co c ton

o r salve other than col d crea m va s eline gly , ,

cerine or an al m ond p r eparation without the

, ,

advice of a phys icia n .

C os t of th e B r itish R oy al F a m il y The .
-

annuitie s paid by the B riti s h people to the

R oyal fam ily for its s upport a r e a s follows :
The King a n d Queen Queen Alex
,

and r a, Pr i n ce s s C h r istia n ,

P r incess L oui s e ( D uche s s of A r gy ll ) ,

D uke of C o n naught D uches s of

,

E dinbu r gh ,
Prince s s B eat r ice $30 , ,

&0 ; D uc h e s s of Albany D uchess of ,

Mecklenbu r g S tr elitz
-

, Tr u s tee s for
King E d ward V I I S D aughte r s

total , ,

Th e King al s o rece i ves the reve

nues of the D uchy of Lanca s te r D uring r e .

cent yea r s the s e have a m ounted to about

p e r annu m T h e P r ince
. of Wales
h a s an inco m e al s o fro m the revenues of th e
D uchy of C o r nwall a m ounting to about $5
, 00 ,

0& per a nnu m .Whe n the R oyal children

 THI N G S WO RTH K N OWI N G 31

m arry dow r ie s are u s ually provided for the m .

Th e l a s t of the chil d r en of the late Queen

Victo r i a to m a r ry, Pr ince s s B eat r ice , receive d
a s dow r y fro m the B ritish people by
Parlia m entary grant .

Cotton G in
.
One of th e three or four great
es tinvention s oi civilization It w a s invented .

by E l i Whitney in 1 79 3 Th e m a chine s epa .

r a te s the cotton wool fr om the see d and auto ,

m a ti c a lly clean s it with great rapi d ity Pr e .

v io u s ly the work w a s done by h and a m ost

, ,

tedious proce s s .

C tt o
o n I
nd u s tr y Fro m . to 1 7 ,

bale s of cotton are sold ea ch y ea r

each bale weighing about 490 lbs .

Cr d e o
a l f A m r a L
e ic n ibe r ty A na m e given .

to F aneuil H a ll in B o s ton Ma s s achu s etts

, , ,

fr om the fact that m any m eetings we r e held

h e r e du r ing R evolutiona r y day s for the p u r
po s e of decla r ing the ci tizens righ t s a n d p r o

testing again s t the inte r ference of E ngland .

C re d i t M obilier Thi s con s i s ted of a s tock

.

co m p a ny o r ganize d in 1 863 for the purpo s e

, ,

of con s t r ucti n g public wo r k s inclu d ing p r inci ,

pally the buil d ing oi the Union Paci c R ail

roa d Without going into the m erits of the
.

ca s e it m ay be s aid th at thi s o r ganization r e

, ,

c ei v ed m uch c r iticis m as it develope d that

,

m any of the m e m be r s of C ongr e s s we r e s u p

posed to be connecte d with it It is s a i d that .

s o m e of these m e m be r s were cor r upt a n d u s ed

32 T H I N GS WO RTH KNOWIN G
this organizati on to feather their n e s t It .

con s tituted pe r haps the greate s t national

, ,

s can d al placing un d e r su s picion as it did

, , ,

m a ny of our s o calle d s tate s m en -

.

C ru s a d e s Th e na m e of wars car ri ed on at
inte r val s fr o m 1 09 5 to 1270 by the C h r i s tian
nation s of E urope a gain s t the S a r acen s for ,

the pu r po s e of gaining po s s e s s ion of the H oly

Land . There we r e eight C r u s a d e s and th e ,

s ol d ie r s who engage d in t h e m wo r e a cro s s

on their b r ea s t or r ight s h o ul d er a s a s ign of
thei r religiou s faith H ence the nam e Cr u
.

sade s fro m the La tin cr u x c r o s s , .

C ru s t of th e E a rth Ver y little 1 3 known of

-

the interio r of the e a r th e x cept that it i s ,

s uppo s ed to be a m olten m a s s Th e a ggr o

.

g ate thickne s s of the s t r ata o r r ock layers a s -

far as known i s less than thirty m iles

, .

Da
gu er e otyp es
r E a r ly photography ow es
i ts o r i gin to the di s cove r y of the d a gu er r eo
type A plate m ade of thin copper or other
.
,

m etal was covered with a s ilver preparation

, .

This was pl a ced di r ectly i n the cam era a nd

.

there w a s no m ethod of tran s fer a s the r e i s ,

from the o r dina r y photographic plate f r o m ,

w hich i n nu m e r able p r int s m a y be taken It .

went out of co m m on u s e with th e invention

of th e photograph ic plate s and paper and with ,

th e di s covery of in s tantaneou s p h oto graphy .

Th e taking of the daguer r eotype re q ui r ed long

e x posure wh i ch w a s decidedly obj ectionab le
, ,
 l o& THING S WO RTH K N OWIN G 33

and th e result w a s coarse and ta m e Afte r .

taking the daguer reotype pas s e d th r ough acid

,

s olution s for the develop m ent and perm anency

of the picture .

D am a ge b y L igh t n ing S tati s tics vary but .

-
,

c onsi d erably m o r e than buil d ings are i n

j u r ed by lightning every year c a u s ing a los s ,

of about About 7& peopl e are

killed every yea r and m ore than 800 are i n ,

ju r ed It i s s ai d that lightning kills between

.

and d o m e s ti c ani m als a year ,

valued at about
.

D e f a n d Du m b
a About . of th e i a
h abitant s of the Unite d S tate s a r e deaf and
du m b m o r e than half of that nu m ber being
,

born with thi s a ffl iction Of thi s nu m be r .

about 47 are m ales and so m ewhat over ,

fe m ale s .

D ee d s A deed 1 5 an in s tru m ent in writing

-
,

conveying real e s tate with o r without buil d ,

ings upon it fr o m on e pa r ty to an o ther A l l

,
.

d ee d s s h ould be regi s te r e d Pr i n te d for m s .

,

to be lle d out a r e for s ale at s tatione r s It

, .

i s better to e m ploy a goo d lawyer o r convey

3 11 C er
.

D icti on a r ie s Pr obably the r s t d ictiona r y

-

was pro d uce d in C h ina and w a s said to con ,

tain char acte r s In the 1 5th and 1 6th.

centu r ie s e n cyclope d ia s we r e publi s he d The

, .

r s t autho r itative dictiona r y w a s in Latin and ,

was tr anslated into eight languages about the

34 THINGS WO R TH KNOWING

year C ha m be r s E ncyclopedia w a s pub

l i s h ed in 1 728, and John s on s fam ou s E ngli s h

dictionary in 1 755 Web s te r s A m er ican dic

.

tion a r y was r s t i s s ued in 1 828

.

D ge s i bi i ty o F ood s
i t l f A pples , sweet, r aw ,
1 hour, 30 m inute s ; A s paragu s , boile d , l h , .

30 m ; B ean s , boile d , 2
. 30 m L ean beef ,
roasted, 3 h ; F r e s h s alted beef, boile d 2 h , . .

4 5 m ; Old salted beef, boile d , 6 h ; B eets ,

. .

boile d , 3h , 45 m ; B rea d , fre s h , 3h , 30 m ;

. . . .

C abbage, pickle d , 4 h , 30 m ; C elery , boiled , . .

1 h , 30 m ; C hicken , boile d , 2 h ; C hicken ,

. . .

roasted, 4 h ; C hees e, old , 3 h , 30 m ; D uck, . . .

roasted , 2 h ; E ggs , raw, 2h ; E ggs , soft boile d ,

.

3 h ; E ggs , ha r d boiled , 4 h ; F i s h , boile d , 1 h ,

. . .

30 m ; F i s h , fr ied , 3 h ; Gam e ( m o s t kind s )

. .
,

roas ted, 4 h , 1 5 m ; Liver ( calves ) , fried , 2 . .

h , 30 m ; La m b , gr illed , 2 h , 30 m ; Milk ,
. . . .

raw , 3 h , 1 5 m ; Milk, boiled ; 2 h ; Mutton ,

. . .

b oiled and b r oiled , 3 h ; N ut s , 5 h ; Oysters , . .

raw , 2 h , 55m ; Oys te r s , s tewed, 3 h , 30 m ;

. . . .

Onions , stewed , 3 h , 30 m ; Por k, fat , roa s ted , . .

5h , 1 5m ; Pork, salt , boiled , 3 h , 1 5m ; Po

. . . .

t a toes , fried or baked , 2 h , 30 m ; R ice , boil ed , . .

1 h ; S au s age , gr illed , 3 h , 30 m ; Tr ipe ,

. . .

boiled , l h ; Tr out, boiled , 1 h , 30 m ; Turkey,

. . .

roaste d , 2 h , 30 m ; Veal , roa s t or grilled , 5h

. . .

D i s ta n ce s B etw ee n C i tie s i n th e U n ite d

S ta tes
N
( to ai r -
line distan c es , but travelin g dis
tanc es .
)
36 1000 THINGS W O RTH KN O W IN G
D ivi n g B el l s Th e
diving bell is sim ply
.

covering m a d e of m eta l which i s s ec u r el y

.

a ,

fa s tened to a water p r oof suit the diving bell

-

i tself being an enclo s ure for the head Th e .

d iver don s h i s s uit the neck of whi ch h a s a

,

collar in the fo r m of a sc r ew The diving .

be l l is placed over h is head and screwed on .

It is connected with a r ubber pipe th r ough ,

which air i s forced by an air pu m p the a ir es ,

caping through a valve in the belt itself If .

p r oper ly con s tructe d and m anipulated one ,

m ay rem ain un d e r water for con s i d e r able

ti m e although h e i s likely to be unco m fo r t a ble
,
'

u ntil he beco m es u s ed to it It was invented

.

a bout 1 7 15 .

D r a m a D uring 1 9 1 2 9 7 new p lays we r e

.
,

p resented ; 36 we r e m u s ical co m e d ie s ; 36 of
t h e play s were s eriou s or s enti m ental ; 13 we r e
m elodram as ; 1 3 were co m edie s ; o n e w a s a
panto m i m e ; tw o were tr age d ies and 1 4 were ,

fa rces .

D ru gs The safest and best rule to follow

-

i s never to take any d r ug without the advice

of a physician D ru gs have thei r place and
.
,

w ithout drugs m any di s ea s es would be incur

a ble . B u t drugs taken p r o m iscuou s ly de r a nge
t h e sy s te m and give but te m po r a r y relief .

Hundreds of thou s and s of people have con

t racted chronic ail m ent s fro m drug taking -
.

Headache powde r s cough m i x ture s s leepin g

, ,

p o ti o ns a n d
, p r actically all of the adverti s ed
r e m edi es should be s trenuously avoided n ot ,
 1 000 THINGS WO R TH KN OWIN G 37

w ith s tanding that som e of the m a r e pure and

w oul d be e fcaciou s if ad m ini s te r e d i n tel l i
gen tly B ecau s e one pa r ticular d r ug or m edi
.

cine benets a certa in pe r s on s houl d not be

c on s idere d a s evi d ence that it will aid an
other Th e habi t o f borrowing p r e s c r iption s
.

i s d ange r ou s Th e intelligent phys ician wr ite s

.

a p r e s cr iption which will benet h is pa tient

, ,

an d the s am e pre s c r iption woul d be of no

benet a n d m ight b e of p o s itive inj u r y to
, ,

a nothe r M a n y of the te s ti m oni a ls given to

.

pate n t m edici n es a r e genuine and are wr itten

by hone s t per s o n s Th e e ffect of m any of the
.

ad ve r ti s e d no s tru m s i s to give i m m ediate or

t r a n s ient r elief They s ti m ul a te the s ys tem
.
,

and m ay m ake it feel better fo r a s hor t ti m e ,

but r e a ction i s likely to s et in and the taker

-

of the m is wors e off than he was in the r s t

pl a ce .

D ying Sa yi n gs R eal o r Traditional ,

Addi
son . S ee how a C h r i s ti a n d ie s ! or S ee i n ,

w hat a peace a C h r i s tian can die !

Anax agor a s Give the boys a holiday
. .

B yr on I m u s t s leep now
. .

Ce s a r ( Juliu s ) E t tu B r ute ! ,

C harle m agne Lo r d into Thy hands I

.
,

com m end m y s pi r it !
C ha r le s II ( of E n gland ) D on t let poor

.

N elly s tarve !

C he s t ereld Give D ay R olles a chair .

C r o m we ll My de s i r e i s to m ake what
.

h aste I m a y to be gone .
38 1 000 THINGS WORTH KN O WIN G

F rankl in . A dyin g m an c an do nothing

easy .

Goeth e M ore light !

.

Hobbes N ow I a m about to take my l a s t

.

voyage a great leap in the dark
.

Jam e s V ( of S cotland ) It ca m e wi th a .

.

las s and will go with a lass

,
.

Je s u s C hri s t It i s nished ! .

Knox N ow it i s co m e
. .

Mahom et Oh Allah b e it so ! Henceforth

.
,

a m ong the gloriou s ho s t of Para d i s e .

Mi r abeau L et m e die to the sou n ds of

.

deliciou s m u s ic
N apoleon I Mon D ieu ! La nation Fran

.

ca i s e ! F te d ar m e .

N apoleon III Were y ou at S edan ?

.

N elso n . I thank God I have don e my

duty .

R abelais Let down the curtain the farce

.
,

1 8 over .

S cott S ir Walter , God bless y ou all ! .

S i d ney A lgernon I know that m y R e

, .

dee m er liveth I die for the good ol d cause . .

S ocrates C r i to we ow e a cock to A es cu
.
,

lapi n s .

Tal m a Th e worst i s I cannot see

.
, .

Ta s s o Lord into Thy hands I comm en d

.
,

m y s pi r it !
Ve s pasian A king should d ie sta nding . .

William III of E ngland C a n th is l as t .

long ?
 1 000 THINGS WO RTH KNOWING 39

Wolfe General
, What ! d o they ru n al
.

r eady ? The n I die happy .

B rewer s R eader s Handbook

.

D y n am it e This is one of the s trongest ex

.

plo s ive s and is used for bla s ting and even

, ,

for gu n s although it has not a s yet been suc

, , ,

c es s fu l fo r the ring of p r oj ectiles It con .

s i s t s o f in fu s orial and porcelai n earth m ix e d ,

with coal du s t and s iliceou s a s he s saturated ,

with about three ti m es i ts weight of nitro

glyceri n e It is of a grayi s h b r own or red
.
-

d i s h color da m p and gr ea s y
, , It has an ex .

plos ive power nearly eight tim es gr eater than

th a t o f gu n powder It i s danger ous to m ake .
,

because the nitro glycerine wh ic h it contain s

-

will e x plode if not han d led carefully .

E a rth F a cts
The di s tance fro m the s urface of the earth
to its center is e s tim ate d to be
feet ; or about m ile s ; and the distance
fro m the poles to the center of the earth is
feet or about ,m iles One de .

gr ee of latitude at the equator is about

m ile s and at the pole s about 69 % m iles
, .

Th e circu m ference at the equator m easures

s tatute m iles .

The total area o f th e ear th i s

statute s quar e m iles a n d i ts volu m e is ,

m illion cubic m ile s .

Th e land area of the earth covers

square m iles .
40 THINGS WO R TH KNOWIN G
Th e ocean, i ncluding th e i nland s eas, covers
square m ile s or a bout 72 p er cent, .

o f th e total surface of the e a rt h .

The A r ctic Ocean inclu d i n g H u d s on B ay

, ,

contain s square m iles ; the Atl antic

Ocean , squ a r e m ile s ; the Indian
Ocean , s qua r e m ile s ; the Paci c
Ocean 67 , , s qua r e m ile s ; a n d the Ant
a r c t ic Ocean squa r e m iles
Th e m ean height of the land h a s been e s ti
, .

m ated at feet a n d the m ean depth of

,

the s ea fe et Th e highest m ountain

.

( Mt . E vere s t ) is feet high and the ,

g r eatest depth o f the ocean i s suppo s ed to b e

feet
.

Th e No r th A m e r ican continent has a n area

of s qua r e m ile s with ex ce ed i n g
,

inhabitants or a littl e l es s than

,

18 to th e s qu a r e m ile .

The S outh A m er ican continent has an area

of squar e m ile s with over ,

in h a bita n t s o r about 6 % p er s quare m ile

, .

E u r ope has a n area of about

s qua r e m ile s wi th a population of s o m ewhat
,

le s s than or about 1 07 per s qua r e

m ile .

Africa h a s an area of squa r e

m ile s and a population of about
,

or 1 1 to the s qua r e m ile .

A s ia h a s an a r ea o f s qua r e m ile s ,

with a population e s ti m at ed at about

000 or a little le s s than 5
,
8 to the s q uare m il e .
 1000 T H INGS WO RTH KNOWIN G 41

Australia New Zealand and contingent i s

, ,

l ands have an a r ea of
, s qua r e m ile s ,

wi th a population of ex ceeding or
a bout 27 to the s quare m ile .

It i s e s ti m a ted that the s u r face of the ear th

i s divi d e d into s o m ewhat m o r e than
squa r e m ile s of fer tile s oil about ,

s qu a r e m iles o f stepp e a little m ore than

,

square m iles of de s ert with the polar ,

regions occupyi n g near ly s q uare

m ile s of land m o s t of which is covered with

,

me .

At the ti m e of E m per or Au gu s tus there ,

w e r e s aid to be between and 55 ,

people upon the ea r th but a s the earth ,

u ndoubtedly s upporte d m 1 ll i o n s of inhabitant s

unknown to civilization thes e gu r es are of
,

little consequence .

The greatest m easured depth of the Atlan

t ic Ocean i s a little ove r feet ; a depth
of feet has been found in the Pacic
Ocean ; feet in the In d ian Ocean ; a n d
feet in the S outher n Ocean S oun d .

ings in the A r ctic Ocean have failed to nd

a depth e x ceeding feet .

E ar thq u a k e s The earthquake i s c aused ,

undoubtedly by the cooling of the earth The

, .

inte r ior of the earth is a m olten m a s s of re

a n d is s lowly cooling As it cools it con
.
,

t racts and if the contracti o n i s nea r the sur

,

face of the ea r th the s u r face i s rocked and

,

c revices m ay O pen doing considerable d a m

,
42 1000 THINGS WORTH KNOWING
a ge, although m o s t earthquake s cause but
sligh t shocks an d inju r e no one E arth quake s
'

appear principally in or near the tropic s but ,

are occa s ionally felt all over the tem peratu r e

zones E arthquakes appea r to have belts and
.
,

there i s little to be feare d from the m outside

of thes e te r ritories .

E ar th q u a k e A re a s o f th e E a r th
M ajor de M on tes s u s d e B a lor e has com pile d
a cata logue of s hocks a n d thi s in d i,

cates with s cientic accu r acy how the s ym p

tom s of s eism ic activity a r e m ani fested The .

pe r iod of observation include s gene r ally the

last fty years ; but there i s no rea s on to s u p
pose that a longer ti m e woul d m aterially a ffect
th e p ropor tionate nu m bers .

Ea r th
q ua k es AREA
Scan d in av ia 646 Afr ica
B r iti s h Is l es Atlan tic i s l a n d s .

F r an ce Un ited S tates , Pa
Sp ain an d Por tu gal ci c coa s t
S witzer l an d Atl an ti c
Italy M ex ico
H ol la n d an d N or th C en tr a l
Ger m an y Wes t In d ies .

S i cil y 4 33 1 Sou th Am er ica

G r eece Jv
a a
Ru s s i a 8
25 A u s tr al i a an d Ta s
A s i a M i n or m an i a
In d ia 81 3 N ew Zea lan d
J apan
The m ost shaken countr ies of the wor ld are
I taly Japan Gr eece S outh A m erica ( the Pa
, , ,
44 1000 THINGS WO RTH KNOWING
It is tran s m itted through wire s or other m e ta l
lic con d ucto r s E lec tricity i s usually p r o
.

d u c ed m echanically by what is known as th e

dynam o but can be m a d e chem ically by the
,

u s e of galvanic batterie s Th e fo r m er how

.
,

ever , is m uch m or e econo m ical E lectr icity .

and m agn eti s m are closely allied and yet they ,

a r e co m m ercially di ff erent .

E m b e le m ent
zz F r o m 1 896 to 1 9 1 1 the to
.

tal e m bezzlem ent in the Unite d S tates

a m ount e d to nea r ly the m aj ority
of e m bezzler s s tealing the m oney for ga m b
ling i n s tocks a n d not on account of inc r ea s ed
,

pe r s onal ex pen s es or de s ire to live beyond

t heir m eans .

E r r ors of H i s t or y
Th e following li s t of Cu r ious E rro rs of
H i s tory i s taken fro m C onklin s V est

Pocket A r gu m ent S ettler

Willia m Te l l was a m yth .

C oriolanus never allowed h is m other to

i nte r cede for R om e .

B londel the ha r per did not discover the

, ,

r ison in which R ichard I w a s conned

p .

N ero w a s not a m on s ter ; he did not kill his

m other nor ddle ove r burning R om e .

Alfr ed never allowed the cakes to burn n o1

,

v entured into the D anish ca m p disgui s ed as

a m instrel
Fa ir R osa m on d w as not p ois on ed by Q
.

u e en
 1000 THINGS WO RTH KNOWING 45
'

El eanor , but died in the odor o f sanctity i n

th e convent of Godstow .

The D uke of Wellington , at Waterloo, never

u ttere d the fa m ous wor d s Up Guar d s and
, , ,

a t the m !
C harles Kingsley gave up h is chair of m od
ern history at O x fo r d because h e said he con
s i d er ed hi s to r y largely a lie

.

C he m is ts have proved that vinegar will not

di s s olve pea r l s nor cleave rocks in s pite of the ,

fable d ex ploit s of C leopatra and H annibal .

C harle s IX d i d not r e upon the H uguenots

w ith an arquebu s fr o m the wi n d ow of the
.

Louvre du r ing th e m as s ac r e of S t B artholo .

m ew .

The s iege of Tr oy i s largely a m yth even ,

a cco r d ing to H o m e r s o w n account H elen

.

m u s t have been 60 years ol d when Paris fell

in love with her .

The crew of Le Vengeu r ; instead of going

d own with the cry o f V ive la R p u b l i qu e l
s hrieked for help .

The nu m be r of X er x es s arm y has been

g ro s sly e x aggerated and ,it w a s not stopped

at Th er m oyp lae by 300 S partan s but ,

or: even as s o m e autho r itie s co m pute

Th e Abb
, ,

E dgeworth fr ankly ack n owledged

to Lord H ollan d that he had never m ade the
fam ou s invocation to Loui s XVI on the s c a f
fol d : Son of S t Loui s a s cend to heaven
. , .

Ph il i p V I y in g from th e eld of C recy

, ,
46 1 000 THINGS WO R TH KNOWING
an d challenged late at night before the gates
o f the ca s tle of B loi s d i d not c r y out ,It is ,

the for tune of F rance What he really sai d.

was : Open open ; it is the unfor tunate king

,

of F rance .

Voltaire on being a s ked where he had heard

,

the s to r y that when the F rench beca m e m a s

ter s of C on s ta ntinople in 1 204 they d a nced
with th e w o m en in the s anctua r y of the
C hu r ch of S anta S ophia r eplied cal m ly : No ,

whe r e ; i t i s a fr olic of m y i m agination .

There i s no evi d enc e t h at R om ulu s ever

live d that Tarquin outrage d Lucretia that
, ,

B r utu s s ha m m ed idiocy a n d conde m ned h i s

sons to death that M u c iu s S caevola thru s t h 1 s

han d into th e r e that C lo elia swa m the Tiber

, ,

th a t H o r atiu s d efen d e d a bridge agains t a n

arm y .

E s per a nto S o m e years ago several edu

.
-

ca to r s atte m pted to d evelop an international

language to be u s e d by the speaking and
,

writing wo r ld at la r ge This aux ilia r y lan .

guage is m ade fro m the roots of other lan

guage s incl udi ng the Latin Its p r on o u n ci a
, .

tion i s Wholly phonetic Theoretic a lly at .

,

leas t it h a s tr e m endou s a d vantages for s hould

, ,

it be gener ally adopte d by the civilized na

tion s who woul d undoubte d ly retain their
, , ,

native language there would be a co m m on ,

b a s is for inte r national co m m unication a n d ,

p p q
eo l coul d get together socially and other
wi s e w ith out being linguists The growth of .
 1000 THI N GS WO RTH KNOWIN G 47

E s peran to is slow , although encouraged by

m any e d ucators It i s proble m atical whether
.

o r not it will m ake s u f cient s tri d es to be gen

e r a l ly accepte d It h a s i ts fa ults, a n d it is
.

quite probable that if an international lan ,

guage or aux iliary language i s to be obtained

, , ,

s o m e other fo r m of co m m on s peech will take

i ts place ; o r E s peranto m a y be change d mo d i
, ,

ed or enla r ge d s o a s to be m o r e a cceptable
, , .

C ivilization howeve r de m and s a univer s al

, ,

langu age one which will eventually take th e

,

place of all m o d e r n language s the p r esent ,

language s to be relegate d to the dead class ;

but natu r al conditio n s a s s ociation and p a , ,

t r i oti s m or the s e m blance of the m w ill u n

, , ,

doubtedly m ake it ex trem ely di fcult to intro

,

d uce any other form of s peec h or of writing

~

, ,

which woul d interfere with native tongues .

F a il u r e s
D uring 1 9 1 2, m anufacturers failed,
with liabilitie s of nea r ly D uring
the sam e year bu s ine s s m en or p a rtner
shi p concern s went into bank r uptcy with lia ,

b il i ti es e x ceeding E ighty four -

ba n king hou s es failed with liabilitie s of ove r,

a n d 600 broke r s and t r an s po r te r s

failed with liabilitie s of near ly

,

Accor d ing to the co m m e r cial agen cies the

cau s e s of failures du r ing the last two y ea rs
m ay be tabulated as follows :
48 1000 THIN GS WO RTH KNOWIN G
F a il u r es d u e to 191 2 1 91 1
In com peten ce
In ex p en en ce 641 52
Lack o f cap ita l
U n w i s e cr ed its 2 81 5
2 2
v
Ex tr a a gan ce 91 1 08
N eg lect 27 5 277
S p ecu lati on 1 12 94
F r au d
Fa i lu r es o f oth er s 177 1 71
C om p eti ti on 2 64 360
Sp eci c con d ition s
The year 1 9 1 2 s tan d s d i s tingui s hed fr o m
s o m e other s yea r s ,in th a t the ex ce s s in fail
ures over the othe r year s i s c r edited to the
inc r ea s ed am ount of ha r m wrought by i n com
p otence and inex perience two e s s entially p er
,

s o na l fault s .

Fo r the r s t ti m e s ince the reco r ds we r e

co m pile d in the yea r 1 890 the percentage a s
,

c r ib ed to inco m petence s tan d s r s t in i n j u r i

o u s n es s with per cent of a l l failu r e s a s ,

again s t p er cent att r ibuted to lack of

capital hither to the m o s t hu r tful s ou r ce of
,

tr ouble but which fell fro m

, in 1 9 1 1 and
in 19 1 0 .

I ncom petency on the othe r hand m oved up

, ,

fr om 27 per cent in 1 9 1 1 and per cent in

1 9 10 to the gure of given above In ex .

p e r i en c e ( wit h out othe r i n co m petence ) ro s e to

p e r cent in 1 9 1 2 fro m p er cent in 1 9 1 1 ,

a n d th es e two cau s es togethe r accounted for

the increas ed failu r e s ; wh ile fr aud the thi r d
,

m o s t i m p or tant pe r s o n a l cau s e fell to

, per
c ent from per cent in 1 9 1 1 .
 1000 THINGS WORTH KN OWIN G 49

Fam ou s D i am on d s The following is a list .

of the m o s t fa m ous dia m onds of the world

( )
1 The B raganza , 2
( ) the D udley , ( )
3 the
F lorentine , ( 4) the Gr eat Mogul , ( 5 ) the
Hope , (6) the Koh i nur , ( 7) the N as s ac , (8)
'
- -

the O r l o , (9 ) the Pigott , ( 1 0) the Pitt or

R egent, ( 1 1 ) the S ancy, ( 1 2) the S hah , ( 1 3 )
the S tar of the S outh .

F ar m Pr odu cti on

Th e gures are given in round nu m bers

Ani m al s over , value d at over $5 ,

Apple s over bu s hel s

, ,

valued at over Apricot s over 4 , ,

bu s hel s valued at over

,

B eans ( D r y ) over , bu s hel s valued ,

at about B ee s over ,

swarm s valued at over

, B r oo m
Corn over
, pound s valued at over ,

B utter over , pound s ,

value d at over C e r eal s over 4 , ,

bu s hel s value d at over ,

000 ; C hee s e over , pound s valued ,

a t over C hicory about ,

pound s valued at over

, C otton ov er ,

pound s valued at over ,

000 ; C otton S eed over , ton s valued ,

at over F lax s eed over ,

bu s hels valued at ove r

,
F lowe r s ,

p lant s valued
, at over F ore s t Pr o
ducts valued a t over
,
F ruits ,

( s m all ) valued
, at over F ruits ,
5
0 1000 THINGS WO RTH KN O WIN G
( btropical ) valued a t over
s u ,

Grapes over , pound s valued at ,

o v er Hay about tons, ,

v alued at over He m p over 1 1 , ,

pound s valued at over ,

Honey over , pound s valued at over ,

H op s over ,pounds ,

valued at over Milk over ,

gallon s ; Mola s s e s over gal ,

lons valued at over

, N u r s ery prod
u c ts value d at over
, N ut s valued ,

at over Onion s over ,

bu s hel s valued at over

, O r chard
products over , bu s hel s valued at ,

over Peache s over ,

bu s hel s valued at over

, Peanut s ,

over bushel s valued at over $ 1 8 , ,

Pears over bu s hel s valued

, ,

at over Pea s d r y over , ,

bushels valued at over , Plu m s ,

and Prunes over , bushel s valued at ,

about Potatoes ( Iri s h ) about ,

bu s he ls valued at over ,

000 ; Potatoes ( S weet ) over bush ,

el s, valued at over R ice over 22 , ,

bu s hel s valued at ove r ,

S eeds C lover over

, ,bu s hel s valued ,

at over S e ed s G r a s s over , ,

000 bushel s value d at over , S uga r ,

B eet about ,
poun ds valued at ,

over S uga r C a n e over , ,

ton s valued at over

, S ugar Ma ,
52 1000 THIN GS WO RTH KN OWING

Wh ite of egg
Pear s
App les
H a d d ock
Goo bs e er r i es
Pea ch es
Cod s h

For es ts .
Aboutquarter of the United
on e -

S tate s i s covered with fore s ts with a tot a l ,

a creage of about about one fth -

of which a r e owned by the Govern m ent At .

the pre s ent rate o f cutting and the fore s t ,

res the fore s ts ar e dec r ea s ing at a very

,

a lar m ing rate a n d a lu m ber fa m ine i s to be

,

exp ected within the ne x t century if the land s ,

ar e n ot prope r ly refo r ested .

F or etell in g th e Weath er
Several years ago the United S tates Gover n
m ent e s tabli s hed a Weather B ure a u and placed
i t in charge of scientic m en and ob s ervers
w h o were ex pert in this di r ection Weather .

B ureau s tations a r e m aintained throu g hout

the United S tates , and each s tation c o m m uni
c ates daily with the head o f ce at Wa s hing
ton . By following the law of average s , by the
u s e of th e b a r om etei and other instru m ents ,

b y scientic re s earch and ex peri m ent , and b e

ca us e of the receipt of hourly or daily reports ,
 1000 THINGS WO RTH KNOWING 53
th e Weather B ureau
e x perts are able to fore
tell the weather with a con s iderable degree of
accuracy Pr actically all of the gr eat s torm s
.
,

to r na d oes a n d hurricane s are announced i n

,

advance While thi s s cien ce i s still in its in

.

fancy i t has m ade rapid str i d e s and each year

, ,

shows m uch i m p r ove m ent in the result .

There are a few s i m ple rules which m ay be ,

u s ed for fo r etelling the weather if on e p os ,

s esses a baro m eter .

The rapid ri s e of th e barom eter i ndicates

u nsettled weather Th e gradual rise foretells
.

s ettled weather .

When the air is dry and cold a rising baro ,

m eter indicates wind fr o m the north ; and if i t

h a s been raining better weather m ay occur
, .

When the air is m oi s t and at a low te m pera

ture a ri s ing ba r om eter m ay foretell wind and
,

rain fro m the north .

When ther e i s a northerly wind and the ,

ba r o m ete r fa ll s r apidly th ere i s likely to be a,

stor m with s n o w in winter and heavy rain or ,

hail in s u m m e r .

When th e a ir is d r y and the tem perature

sea s o n able a s teady b a r o m eter in d icate s a
,

continuance of n e we a th e r .

A r api d ly falling ba r o m eter m ay fo r etell

sto r m y weather .

When the wind is weste r ly a r a pid fall m ay ,

prece d e a s to r m com ing fr o m the n o r th .

When th e wind is s outherly a rise in th e ,

barom eter m ay p r ecede ne weather .

5
4 1000 THI N GS WO RTH K N OWING
When there 1 5 m uch m oi s tu r e in the air and
considerable heat a falling baro m eter m ay i n
,

d ica te that a wind a n d ra i n storm is co m ing

.

fr o m the s outh .

When the air is dry and cold in win ter a

falling baro m eter m ay in d icate snow When .

the weather i s cal m and warm a falling ba r o ,

m eter m ay be taken to m ean rain or s q ually

weather .

F r ee m a s onr
y originis
It unknown s but ,

it i s very anc i ent It h a s been traced to the

.

Knights Tem pla r s to the C ru s ader s and , ,

others It is s aid that the wo r km en upon

.

S olo m on s Te m ple were Ma s ons and that Ma

s o u ry was the o r iginal t r a d e union or p r otec

tive as s ociation fo r workm en each work m a n ,

by si gn s being abl e to p r ove that he had

reached a certain s tage of prociency ; but
this has not been s ub s tantiated S om e autho r .

ities state that Ma s onry w a s int r oduced into

E ngland in 674 A D Th e r s t record o f the
. .

e s tabli s h m ent of a Grand L o d ge w a s at York

in 926 F r ee m a s onry w a s intro d uced into
.

F rance in 1 72 5 a n d into A m e r ica i n 1 730

, .

F ree m a s ons a r e found throughout the enti r e

world there being m ore than a m illion of them
,

in the United S tate s and C a nada Other fr a .

ternal o r m y s tic o r de rs known as O d d F el ,

lows Kni ght s of Pythia s R ed Men etc are

, , , .
,

in purpo s e s i m ila r to Ma s ons and m o s t of ,

the m were foun d e d upon Masonry M asonry ,

ante dating all of the m

-
.
 1000 THI N GS WO RTH KNOWIN G 55
F r en ch Aca d em y F ounded by C ardinal
-

R ichelieu in 163 5 . It h a s a m em bership o f

forty known a s
, the F o r ty I m m o r tal s Its .

p r incipal obj ect i s to prepare a dictionary of

the F r ench l a nguage and to keep the Gallic
tongue pur e and capable of tr eati ng the arts
and s ciences The rs t dictiona r y appea r ed
.

i n 1 694 Th e Aca d e m y h a s been very s ever ely

.

criticis ed e s peci a lly i n the selection of its

,

m em bers m a n y well known m en o f letters

,
-

having failed to be elected .

G old i n C ali o r ni a
f John W Mar s hall in
. .
,

1 848 in c o nnection with a m a n n a m e d S utte r

, ,

m aintained a m ill in C ali fo r nia Acc identally .

he picked up a s m a ll piece o f m etal which h e

di s cove r ed to be gol d and 1 m m ed i a tel y th e ,

gold fever b eca m e epidem ic and C alifornia ,

was overrun with gold m iners .

G overnm e n t
The Constituti o n of the United S tates i s
the bas ic l a w of the cou n tr y and all other ,

laws and s t a tute s a r e fr a m e d in a si m ilar

m anner each S tate county town and e1 ty
, , , ,

having i ts own law s or s tatutes .

Govern m ent inclu d ing that of the United

,

S tate s i s di vi d ed into th r ee d i s ti n cti v e de

,

t m t E x ecutive Legi s lative and Judi

p a r en s : , ,

c ia l .

Th e E x ecutive
head i s k nown as Pre s ident,
Gove r nor Mayor etc , ,
.
, a n d it i s his duty to
ex ecute the laws .
56 1000 THINGS WORT H KNOWIN G

The Legi s lative departm ent is usually sub

divided into t w o
bodie s a S enate or Upper
,

Hou s e and a Hou s e o f R ep r es en tative s o r

Lo w er H ou s e S tate Govern m ents are fo r m ed
.

s i m ilar to that of the N ational Govern m ent

,

the Upper Hou s e being k no w n as the S enate ,

a n d the Lower House as the Hou s e of R e r e

p
s en ta tiv es or A s s e m b y Most bill pre
l . s a r e
sented to the Lower Hou s e and do not b e ,

c o m e law s until they pass both the Upper and

Lower Hou s es .

The Legi s lative authority of a city i s u sually

v e s ted in a board of Alde r m en and a C ouncil
or C o m m on C ouncil but occa s ionally there is
,

o nly one legislative body known as a C ouncil , .

The Com m is sion F orm of Gover n m ent is

becom ing s o m ew h at prevalent It con s ists of .

a com m ittee elected by th e citizen s who have ,

a bsolute control of the gove r n m ent and thi s ,

body is both ex ecutive and j udicial .

The Judicial departm ent con s i s ts of several

c ourt s : r s t the S upre m e C ourt and a lower
, ,

c ourt usually known a s the Superior C ourt

, ,

and D i s tr ict o r Police C ourts Ordinary ca s es

.

a r e t r ied by the Police or D i s trict C ou r t s and

m ay be appealed to the S uperior C ourt and
even to the S upre m e C ou r t B eside s the s e
.

c ou r t s there a r e s eve r al cou r t s known as Pr o

bate Cou r t C ourt of E quity etc Th e Su
, , .

p re m e C ourt as ,
a rule deals, only with ques
ti on s at l a w and few ca s e s reach it which h ave
,

n ot been ap pealed fro m the lower cour ts .

 1000 THING S WO RTH KNOWING 57

Gr a i n I n d u s try
There was raised i n th e
United S tate s du r ing la s t ye a r ove r
000 bu s hel s of In d i a n corn a bout ,

bu s h el s o f whe a t , bu s hel s o f oats ,

about bu s hels of ba r ley about 36 , ,

bu s hel s of rye and about ,

bushels of buckwheat .

G ra vi ty Th e force of gravity u n s c ien ti

.
,

cally S peaking is the inuence which on e

,

body h a s upon another co m m only kno w n as ,

attr a ction All m aterial s ub s t a nce s attem pt

.

to d r a w other s to the m and the larger the ,

s ub s tance , the gr eater i ts attractivenes s or

drawing power The earth being larger than
.
,

anything nea r it d r aw s everything to it A

, .

ball thrown into the a ir r etu r n s to the earth

as soon as the fo r ce which propelled it u p
ward i s e x hau s ted If the ball were larger
.

than the earth the earth would m ove toward

,

the ball or rather each would m ove towar d

,

th e other but the s m aller body would go

,

th e greater di s tance Th e enti r e univer s e

.

w ould undoubte d ly co m e together in one

, ,

s olid m ass if the bodies we r e not held apart

b y laws and ene r gies which a r e not yet fully
,

under s tood by m en S ir I s aac N ewton d is cov

.

ered the action of gravity but n o on e knows ,

ex actly what it i s .

Gr ea t Am er ica n In ventions
Th e followi ng l ist of fteen gr at Am eric an
e
5
8 1000 THINGS W O RTH KN O W IN G

i nven tions i s ta ken from Kill ikel ly s

Cu r i ous
Questions
l ) The C otton Gin .

2 ) The Planting Ma chi n e .

3) The Gra s s Mower and R eap er .

4) The R otary P rintin g Pr es s -

.

5 S team N aviga tion

;
.

6 Th e H o t Air E ngin e -
.

7) The S ewing Machin e -

.

8) Th e India R ubber Ind u s tr y -

.

Th e M a chin e M an ufacture of Hors e

s ho e s .

Th e S an d B last for Carving -

.

Th e Gauge L ath e .

Th e Grain E levator .

A r ticial Ice Makin g on Lat e Scal e -

.

Th e E lec tri c M a gn et an d Its r acti ca l

A l ica tion .

( 1 5 ) The Te l ep h on e .

G r ea t E as t e r n .
The

G r eat E astern
w as , in h er ti m e , the largest vessel i n th e
world b u t wo uld be con sidered s m al l com

,

p a red with the giant ocea liners of to d ay

n .

S h e w a s built in L ondon and launched m

1 85 8 S h e cost
. Sh e had a length
of 680 ft breadth of 82 V
. ; ft
, o r 1 1 8 ft includ .
, .

ing the paddle box es and a height of 58 ft , .

Her m otive power consisted of eight engines

with a total of horse power Sh e w as .

s low an d u nwieldy and was n ot a s u cces s ,

ex c ep t for th e laying of the Atl a nti c cab l e .

60 1 000 THINGS WO RTH KN OWING
hair c ell s are dead It appears to be u tterly .

i m pos sible to grow hair upon a bald head or ,

upon a bal d spot unless the roots of the hair

,

re m ain n otwith s tanding the clai m s m ade by

,

sellers of hai r tonic s F alling hair m ay be .

prevented in m any c a s es by the use of a good

hair tonic but a s diffe r ent pe o ple require dif
,

f orent preparation s it is ina d vi s able to gi v e

,

any p re s cription he r e A phys ician s hould be .

consulted and a prescription obtained fro m

,

h i m adapted to condition s
, Many of th e a d .

v er ti s ed hair tonics contain lead and other

poisonou s drugs So far as is known ther e
.
,

i s not a p r eparation or contr ivance of any kind

which will r estore gray hair to its form er
color All nostrum s adver ti s ed to do it a r e
.

si m ply hai r d yes Th e m e d ical p r ofe s s ion has

.

not discovered a m eth od of p r eventing gr ay

hai r Most of the adve r ti s ed hai r dye s con
.

tain lea d and other poisons and a r e dangerou s ,

to use and the dyeing of the hair is n ot to be

,

reco m m ended even though a nonpoi s on ous dye

is u s ed As the dye can only cover the hai r
.

in sight it m u s t be u s ed con s tantly or eac h

, ,

s epa r ate hair will be of two colo r s .

H al f Ce n tu r y of L i fe
-
A F rench s tatisti .
-

c i a n state s that a m a n fty year s o f age h a s

s pent 6000 day s in sleep has worked 6 5 00 ,

d ays ; walked 800 days ; enj oyed som e a m use

m ent 4000 d ays ; s pent 1 5 00 days in bed ; a n d
w a s si ck 5 00 days He further e s ti m ate s that
.

this m an has eaten pounds of bread ;

,
 1000 THING S WO RTH KNOWI N G 61

p o u n d s of m eat ; 4600 poun d s of ve e

ta bl es , eggs , an d s h ; an d h as d ran k 7
g a ll on s of l i q uid
The
.

H aw a1 1. H aw au a n
Isl an d s h ave a to
ta l are a of s q ua r e m iles and a pop u l a ti on ,

of about The cli m ate is se m itropical ,

and pineapple gr owing and s u gar m aki n g a r e

th e principal industries

.

H ay In d u s tr y O ver . a cre s ar e
d evoted to hay p r od u cin , n ea r ly
ton s of a va l u e n ot far
, . r om a
y ear
H e al th
.

N inety p er c en t of c om m on ail .

m ents and fully on e half of serious disea s e s

,
-

m a y be pre vented if one gi ves a reas onable

a m ount of attention to the care of his health .

It would be ou t of place to present in thi s ,

b ook an y rule s or regulations for th e m ain

,

t en a n c e of health a s s u m ing th a t i t i s pos s ible

,

to d o s o Any good physician i s co m petent

.

to a d vi s e in th e m ajority of ca s e s and will p r e ,

s cribe benecial ex e r ci s e and proper food .

Most of u s eat too m uch an d ex erci s e too littl e , .

Th e pr ovince of the physician is as m uch to

k e ep p eopl e w el l as it i s to cure them Good .

s ens e an d econ om y s ugge s t th at a physician

b e consulted at l east on c e a year even by th os e ,

i n ap p aren t h eal th So c all ed doctors b ook s

-
.

s h ou l d b e av o i d ed u nles s recommen d ed by
,

r egu l ar practitioners
64 1000 T H IN G S W O RT H KNOWING
H ol y G r ail On e
. the l ea d in g them es of of
m ed ieval r o m ance It center s a r ou n d the c u p
.

which was used by C hri s t at the las t supper .

H ou s eh ol d Wei gh ts Ten eggs of or d inary .

size weigh one pound S ugar One pint o f

sugar weigh s twelve ounce s Two teacup s .

( well heaped
-

) o f suga r weigh one poun d .

One and one third pints of powdered s ugar

-

weigh on e pound One pint of the best brown .

s ugar weighs thi r teen ounces Tw o teacup s .

( level full ) o f granulated s ugar weigh on e

pound One table s poo n ( heaped ) of gr a n u
.
~

la ted or be s t b r own sugar weighs one ounce

, , .

Tw o a n d three quarter s teacups ( level ) of

-

powdered s ugar weigh one p o und Tw o and .

on e h al f teacup s ( level ) of be s t brown sugar

-

weigh on e poun d Tw o tables poonful s of

.

powd ered sugar or our weigh on e ounce .

One pint ( heaped) of granulated sugar weighs

fourteen ounces .

H ow to B e com e a Voter E very m ale nat .

-

u ral bo r n citizen of the Unite d S tates a n d a l l

-

n atural i zed citizens are at the age of 2 1 yea r s, , ,

en title d to vote fo r all l o cal S tate and N a , ,

tion a l o fcial s ; but befo r e d oing s o they m u s t ,

be r egi s tered R egi s tration d ays are a p

.

pointed and notices of them a r e po s ted in

,

pro m inent places and appear i n th e local ,

n ew sp ap ers To b ecome a voter

. 11 citi zen .
 IM O THINGS WO R TH KNOWIN G 65

m ust appear at plac e registration and ans of

wer certain sim ple ques tions Any town o r .

c ity clerk attorney at law or o f cial will p rop

, ,

erly direct the citizen .

r
I n d u s t i al O ccu p ati ons
The following table gives the percentages of
total occupied population for the principal
groups in th e eight leading industrial coun
tries

U n i t ed G r ea t G er
Oc c u p a ti on S ta t es B r i tai n F r an ce m a ny

C o m m er ci a l oc c u p a t i on s 9 91 6 54 0 80
v
.

C on ey a n c es of m e n . g oo d s

M i n es an dq u a r r i es
M
.

et a l s . m a c h i n es . i m p l e
m en t s a n d con ey a n c es v 8 73 7 89 4 85
B u i l d i n g a n d w or k s of con
s tr u c t i on
T ex ti l e fa b r i cs .

H un B el
ry It aly gl u m
Ag r i c ul tur e
C om m er ci a l oc c u p a t i on s . 2 56 8 43 1 1 79
v
C on ey a n c e of m en , g ood s
an d
Mi n es an dq u a r r i es .

Me ta ls . m a c h i n es . i m p l e
m en t s a n d con e y a n c es v . 5S5
B u i l d i n g a n d w or k s o r con
s t r u c ti on
Tex ti l e f a b u c' O O O O O O O O O O O O O

D r es s ,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
66 1000 THING S WORTH KNOWING
In u en ce of th e O c ea n on th e C l im a te .
-
Th e
ocean h a s m uch to do with the cli m ate of i ts
c oast
. As a rule land on or near the ocean
,

h a s m ore irregular weather a n d i s s ubj ect to ,

m or e freq uent changes than i s te r ritory so m e

distan ce away from it The ocean be s ides.
, ,

ex ercises a great inuence on heat and cold .

The land in clo s e prox i m ity to it h a s a

warm er cli m ate than territory far rem oved
fro m it While the therm om eter in the su m m er
.

m ay not s how gr eat va r iation b r eezes co m in g ,

from the ocean give an apparent coolne s s

which does not ex i s t inland F or this r eason .

the r e are m or e su m m er resorts located on th e

o cean than away fro m it .

In s a n e There ar e i n the United S tates

.
, ,

c onned in the in s ane asylu m s about ,

pers on s about, being fo r eigners 2 5 , ,

000 naturalized citizen s and , native

born pers ons Th e feeble m inde d n u m ber
.
-

about
Ir on In d u s tr y The United S tates produces
annually about ton s of pig iron and
a bout th e sam e a m o unt of s teel .

J ew el r y I n d u s try
N early i s
i nvested i n the m anufacture of j ewelry and ,

th e annual valu e of the output e x ceed s $80 ,

J oh n D oe an d R i ch ar d R oe
ctitious Tw
. o
n a m e s used in law on e representing the plain
, ,

ti an d th e o ther the defendant In writs of .

68 1 000 THI N GS WO RTH K N OWING
lects about 1 600 being s poken in A m erica
, ,

about 9 40 m A s ia not far fr o m 600 m E urope , ,

and about 275m A fr ica Pr ob a bly m o r e than .

people s peak the E nglis h language ,

the Ge r m a n R us s i a n , ,

F r ench S p a ni s h 40 , , ,

Italian Po r tugue s e Th e
, .

E ngli s h dictiona r ie s contai n e x cee d ing 600 ,

(IlO wo r d s abou t! o f whic h a r e m o r e

,

or le s s technical and ob s olete O r d ina r y con .

ver s a tion d oe s not r equire the u s e o f m o r e

than word s It i s s aid that one can .

m ake hi m s elf understo o d in any language if

h i s vocabulary is about word s .

Lar ge C itie s of N or th Am er i ca
Akr on , 0 B el l evi ll e Ill
Bellin gh am Was h
,

Al amed a . , .

A lban y, N . B er kel ey ,

A l l en tow n , B in gh am ton N Y , . .

Altoon a, Pa . Bi m i
r n gh a m , Ala .

Am s ter d am , 3 1 , 2 67 B loom in g ton , Ill ..

An d er s on In d , B os ton M as s , .

Atl an ta Ga, B ri d gepor t Con n , .

A tl an ti c C
ity, N J B r ockton M a s s . . .

A u bu r n N Y
. . . . B r ookl in e M a s s , .

Au gu s ta, Ga . . B u a lo , N

.

Au r or a, Il l B u r li n gt on Ia , .

Au s tin , Tex B u r lin gton V t ,

Baltim or e, M d . . B u tl er , Pa .

Ban g or Me , . B u tte M on t
,

Ba ttle Cr eek M ich . C l m et M i h

a u , c
Ba y City M i , ch. . C m b idg M
a r e, as s .

B ay onn e, N . C md N J
a en , .

B eau m on t , C to 0
an n,
 1 000 THING S WO R TH KN OWI N G 69

Ceda r Rapi d s , Ia . E l izabeth N J , .

C t l F ll
en r a a s . RI . . El m i r a N , .

Ch l t 8 C
a r es on , E l Pas o Tex
Ch l t W V a
. . , .

a r es on , . . E r i e Pa , .

Ch l tt N C
ar o e, . . v
E a n s ton I ll ,

Ch tt a g T
a n oo a, enn . v v
E a n s i l le In d ,

Ch l M
e s ea, as s v
E er ett M a s s
E er ett Wa s h
. . , . .

Ch t Pes er , a 7 v ,

C h i g I ll
ca o, Fa l l R i er M as s v , .

Ch i p M co ee, as s . . Fi tch bu r g M a s s . .

Ci i ti
.

n c nna , F lin t, M i ch
Cl v l d O
e e an F or t Sm ith A r k
Wayn e
. . . , .

C li t I
n on , a. F o rt In d
Wa h
, .

Ch N Y Tex
g
ort
s
'

o oes , . . , .

C l d Sp Col a!
2g
o o ra o a, . r es u o.
C l m bi S C
o u a, . . . Ga les bu r g Ill ,

C l mb G
o u us , a . . Ga l ves ton Tex , .

C l mb
o u us , Glou ces ter M a s s , .

C d N H
on co r . . G lov er s v il l e N Y . . .

C i l B l ff Ia
ou n c u s G r d R ap i d s M i ch

G r een Bay, Wi s
, . .

C vi gt Ky
o n on ,
C t R l
r an s on , . . H am il ton
C m b l d Md
. ,

u er an , H a m m on d , In
D alla s Tex , H a r r i s b u r g Pa , 1 86
D an bu r y C
,

, H a r t fo r d onn , 9 5
1
D a n vi l l e Il l , v
H a er h i l l M as s . . .

D a n vi l l e , H azl eton Pa , .

Da ven po r t Ia , . . H oboken N J , . . .

D ay ton O , . H o l y ok e M a s s , . .

Decatu r H ou s ton , Tex

H u n tin gt on W V a
,

D en ver . , . .

D es M oin es , Ia . In di an a p ol i s In d . .

D etr oit , 46 ,766 Ja ck s on ,

D u bu qu e , Ia . .
3 Ja ck s on M is s , . .

D u lu th , 78 . a ck s on vi l l e, F l a . .

Ea s t Li er pool O v . a m es to w n N Y , . .

J C
,

E a s ton Pa er s ey ity, N .
J .

J
,

oh n s to w n Pa
'

E a s t O r an g e N J .
3 371 ,

J
. .

Ea s t St Lou i s , Il l 5 547 o l i et Ill .

J
. .

E lgi n Il l , op l in . M o
70 1000 THINGS W O RT H K N OW ING
Kalama zoo Mich , .
, 437 Mu s kogee Okla . .

Kan s as City , Kan . N a s h u a, N H . . .

Kan s as Cit 381 N a s h vi l le, Ten n 1 . .

Ken os h a N ew Al ban y, In d
K in gs ton N i
, .

, N ewa r k, N .

K nox vi lle Ten n N ew a r k, 0

La Cr os s e, Wi s
,

N ew Bed for d M as s . .

La fay ette , N ew B r i tain , on n C .

Lan cas ter , N ew B r u n s w i ck N J .

Lan s in g M ich , . . N ew bu r gb N Y , . .

La w r en ce Ma s s , . N ew C a s tl e, Pa
Lew i s ton Me , N ew H aven .Con n .

N ew O r l ean s , La 339 0 71 . -

30 508 N ew por t,
Lin coln , N ew por t, R I .

R
Little ock A r k , . N ew por t N ew s V a , .

Lor ain, O R
N ew och ell e N Y . . .

Los Ang el es Cal . .

31 9 : N ew ton,
v
Lou i s il l e Ky N ew Yor k, N Y
Y
.
,

Low el l M a s s
. . . N ia g a r a Fa ll s , N . .

Lyn ch bu r g , 2 9, N or folk, V a
Lyn n M a s s
, . 89 , N or r is tow n , Pa
McKees por t , 42 . N or th A d a m s .M a s s
M acon Ga N or w i ch , Con n
Ma d is on Wis
,

, . O a k l a n d , C al
M al d en , 0 d en . U
tah
M anch es ter N H , . 0 l ah om a Okla . . .

M an s el d 0 .

M ed fo r d M a s s O r an ge N J
O s h kos h , W1 s
. . . , .

Mem phis , Ten n . .

Mer i d en , O s w ego N Y , . . .

M er id ian M i s s O ttu rn w a, Ia
M ilw auk ee Wi s
. .

, " P ad u cah , Ky .

M in n eapol is M in n , Pa s ad en a Ca l .

M obile
.

, P as s a ic, N J .

M olin e Il l
, . . P a ter s on N J , .

M on tcla ir , P aw tu cket. R I .
51 62 2
,

Mon t omery la , . P en s acol a Fl a . .

Mt ernon N Y , . P eo r ia Ill
.

Mun ci e In d . . Per th Amboy ,N .

J .

Mus kegon Mich , . Peter s bu r g, V a"

 1 000 THINGS W O RTH K N OWING 71

Philadelph i a, Sh en an doah Pa , . .

P itts bu r gh . Pa . Sh r evepor t Ia , . .

Pitts el d , Siou x City Ia , .

Pl ain el d, N Som ervi lle M a s s , .

P o r t l an d , M e .
58 571 Sou th B en d In d , .

Por tlan d O r e Sou th Omaha N eb

S pokan e Wa s h
, , .

Po r ts m ou th O

. .
, ,

Ports m ou th V a . . Sp r in gel d Ill , . .

6 78
Pott s i lle, Pav . S p r in g el d M a s s , .
92 6
,

P ou gh keep s ie, N Y . . Spr in g el d Mo , . .

v
P r o id en ce, l R . . . Sp r in el d, 0 46 w 1
.

P u ebl o, Col . Stam or d on n . C

Q u i n cy, Il l . S teu ben ville .

Q u i n cy, M a s s S tockton Cal

W S u per ior Wi s
. .
,

R acin e, is .
,

R ea d in g, Pa Sy ra cu s e N Y 1
Tacom a Was h
. , . .

R ich m on d , ,

Richm on d, Tam p a Fl a ,

R oan oke V a , Tau n ton M a s s . .

R och es ter , N Y . . Ter r e H au te In d , .

Rock for d Il l , Toled o 0 ,

Rock Is l an d , Ill Topeka Kan .

R om e, N Y . .

R u tl an d , Be li O t
r n, n .

Sac r am en to Cal . . . B tf d O t
r an or n . .

C l g ry Al b t a
,

S agin aw , a a , er . .

St .

C
lou d M in n . . . Ch l ttet
ar o PE
n. . . I .

. J
St os eph , M o . . Ch th am O t
a , n
St Low s Mo Ed m on ton Al ber ta 90 0
For t Wil l iam, O n t
.
, . . , .

St P a u l
. , . 1 ,499

S al em , Gal t O n t . .

G
,

S alt Lake City Utah , l ace Bay N S , .

San An ton io Tex . G

.u el ph On t ,

S an Dieg o Ca l , H al i fax N S . . .

San Fr an ci s co Ca l H am ilton , On t
Q
. . .

San J os e Cal , . . H u l l, ue
Sav an n ah Ga , Kin gs ton O n t .

Sch en ecta dy Lach in e,

g
, N ue
Scr an ton Pa Lon d on
Seattle Was h
. .

Sh eboygan Wis
. .
,

. . .
72 1 000 THINGS WO R TH KNOWIN G
M on tr eal Q ue , . . S au lt Ste . Ma r ie ,

M oo s e J aw On t
Wes tm in s ter Q
, .

N ew , S h er b r ooke , ue .

B C . . Sou th Van cou ver ,

O tta w a On t , .

O w en S ou n d , O n t . . Str atfor d ,

Peter bor ou gh , O n t Sy d n ey N S
Q
.. , .

Por t A r th u r On t Th r ee Ri v er s ue
Qu b Q
, . . .

e ec, ue . To r on to O n t , .

R gi
e Sa k n a. s . Van cou v er B C , . .

St C ath i a r n es , On t V ictor ia B
Wes tmou n t Q
. . .
,

St ue
Win d s or O n t
. , .

St
Win n i p eg Man
. ,

, .

Sa s ka toon Sas k : ,

Law E ve r y o n e withi n the United S tates

.
-

is a m enable : rst to the l a w s l a i d down by , .

the Con s titutio n of the United S tates ; sec

on d ly to any l aw s which m ay be m ade by
,

Congre s s ; thirdly to S tate law s ; fourthly to , ,

county law ; fth ly to local or d inances pa s se d ,

by the city or town N o l oc a l or d in a n c e c a n

be enforced if it i s contrary to the law of th e

S tate and no S tate law hold s if it is at v a ri
,

ance with the C on s titution of the Unite d

S tates Th e S up r e m e Cou r t of each S tat e
.

pa s s e s upon the c o ns titutionality o f all laws

m ade within the S tate a n d the S up r e m e C ourt ,

of th e United S tate s is th e nal C ourt of a p

peal A law m a d e by C ongress is not v a lid
.

if it i s decla r ed uncon s titutional by the Su

prem e C ou r t of the United S tate s n or m ay ,

any S tate law be enforced if the S up r e m e

C ourt of that S tat e considers it u n con s ti tu
tion al .
 1 000 TH I N G S WO R TH KNOWI N G 73

( E x clusiv e of th e United S tates )

Lead ing C iti e s of th e Wor l d
Al ex an d r i a E yp t Gl a s gow , Scot 5
86
. . .

A m s ter d a m eth , . 64
5 , 1 H ag u e, N eth er l d s . 2
A n tw er p B elgi u m , . H ai d a r a ba d, In d . .

B a n g k ok S i a m , H a n g ch an , h in a C . .

B a r cel on a , Spa in . .
533 0 00
, H a m b u r g,
B el fas t Ir el an d
, H a n k a u, h in a C . .

B er l in Ger m an y
, H a an a,v
B ir m in gh am Eng" , H on gkon g, hin a C
B om bay , In d i a H u l l, En gl an d u .

B o r d ea ux F r an ce ,R . Kief, u s s ia

B m re G m yen , Ky t J p er an . o o, a an " 460

B l r es G m y
au , La h au Ch i er an nc , na
B i t l E gl d
r s o , L d E gl d
n an . ee s, n an

B l B lg i m
ru s s e s , L i t E gl d e u . e ces er , n an .

Bud p t H ga es L ip i g G m y
, un . . e z , er an .

B A
u en os A 1 2 00 00 0 Li b P o t g al
1 r es , r , . s on , r u .

Ci Ea r o, 7 Li v pool E g er , n n 8 203
75 1

C l tta I d
a cu , L d E g n i a. on on , n
C t Ch i a
an on , Ly F e n . . on s , r anc
Ch g h Chi a M d I d ia

an e au , n . a ras , n .

Ch lotten bu r g, M ad r i d 5
z
,

r m an y M an ch es ter En ,

Ch in gtu , M a n i l a P h il I s l
, . . .

C h r i s ti an ia, M a r s ei l les F r an ce ,

C Ch i a
h un gki n g , n . M elbou rn e Au s , . .

C t ti ple
on s an no , M ex ico M ex ico , .

T k y ur e M ilan Ital y ,

C p h ge Den
o en a n, . . M on tr eal ,

D a m a s cu s , Tu r key in M os cow Ru s s ia , "

A s ia M u n ich Ger m any , . .

D r es d en , Ger N ap l es Italy 6
5
,

Du bl in , Ir el an d O s ak a J a a n , .

Ed in b u r gh S cot . . . Pal er m o,
F l or en ce Ita ly . P a r is F ra n ce .

C
, ,

F u ch au h in a . C . . Peki n g h in a , . .

Ge n oa, P o r ts m ou th, Eng

74 1 000 THING S WORTH K N OWI N G
Rio d e s u ei r o,J S tockh olm S w ed . . .
33 7,460
B r azi l S u ch au Ch in a
,

Rom e, Ita ly S yd n ey Au s tr al ia
,

St. Peter s bu r g . Tien ts in Ch in a . . .

Ru s s ia Tokyo J a p an
. .

S an tia go Ch ile . . Tor on to ,

Sao Pau l o B r a i l z 340 , 00 0 Tr i es te Au s tr ia

, . 2os , 1 3o
S h an gh ai C hin a
.
,

, . Tu n i s Tu n is
,

Sh ei eld En g Vi en n a
War s aw Ru s s ia
, . ,

Sian gt an Ch m a
Win n ipeg Can ad a
. .
,

S i n g a n C h in a
.
,

Wu ch a n g Chin a
, ,

Sm y r n a Tu r key
, in ,

A s ia Yokoha m a , J ap a n .

L iq u or an d United Wi n e I n d u s tr y .

The
S tate s produce s about gallons of
whi s ky ab o ut , gallons of r u m about ,

gallon s of gin gallon s of ,

alcoh o l and about, gallon s of com

m er c i a l alco ol
h a total of about ,

gallon s The United S tates produces over

.

gallons o f m alt liquors and nearly

gallons of wine ann ually .

L iter a tu r e .
-
Lite r ature
is not a n d p r obably ,

neve r will be s ati s facto r ily dened B roadly

, .

s peaking it i s any fo r m of w r itten or p r inted

,

wo r d s upon any s ubj ect More specically .

dened the te r m literatu r e would apply to

,

e s s a ys poetr y sto r ies and other wo r k s of

, , ,

ction of the grade a cceptable to the best

m agazine s and b oo k publi s he r s Wor k s of .

hi s tory m a y be called lite r atu r e and scienti c ,

wo r ks co m e unde r this cla s s ication ; but his

t or i ca l w r ite r s a r e u s ually c a lled histo r ians ,

a n d s cientic w r i te r s a r e known as scientists .

76 1 000 THINGS WORTH K NOWING

ple re m ed ies but these should n ever b e s e

,

l ec ted without the advice of a physician .

Thou s and s o f persons inj u r e the m s e l ves by

self dos ing When in the slightest d oubt
-
.
,

vi s it or call you r doctor Most ail m ents can .

be p r evented or cured by a skillful phy s ici a n ,

but if allowe d to run they m ay r e s ult s e r iou s ly

or fatally D o not take chances with yours elf
. .

M ic r o s cop e The r s t m i croscope is said to

.

hav e been invented by a D utch m an in 1 590 ,

but i ts invention h as been attr ibuted to Gal

ileo in 16 10 The m ic r oscope h as been per
.

fec ted until a m illionth pa r t of a grain of

blood m ay b e detected by m eans of th e spec
tru m len s .

M i ner a l I n d u s tr y Th e m inerals m ined i n

. . .

the United S tate s every y ear hav e a value of

about
M i n ing I n d u s tr y N early . m en a r e
eng a ge d in the m ine s o f the United S tate s ,

over 90 per cent o f whom a r e wage ear ners .

M oo n The m oon is the earth s only s atel

.
-

lite It circle s ar oun d the earth every 27d ay s

.
,

7 hours and , m inutes o n the ave r age ; ,

but because i ts m otion i s co m m on with the

ea r th a r ound the sun the m e a n du r ation of ,

the luna r m onth is 29 d a ys 12 hou r s , ,

m inute s . Th e di s tance f r om the ear th to the

m oon i s fro m to m ile s a l ,

though a t ti m es the m oon is only

 1000 THI N G S WO RTH KN OWI N G 77
m i les fro m th e earth The m oo n s dia m eter
.

is m iles Th e s urface of the m oon con

.

tain s about s quare m iles or abo u t ,

four ti m e s the area of E urope Th e m oon .

,

although very m uch s m a lle r than the planets ,

ex e r ts a s tr onger attr active force on the ear th

becau s e of i ts nearne s s Th e m oon is u n .
,

s c i en t i ca l l y s pe a king d r awing eve r ything on

,

the ea r th toward s it while at the s a m e ti m e

,

the ea r th i s ex e r ting th e s am e attractive force

up on the m oon B ecau s e of thi s the ocean s
.
, ,

being co m pos ed of wate r which i s ea s ily m ov

,

able r es pond and m ove with the m oon cau s

, ,

ing the ti d es Thi s s a m e att r active force is

.

brou ght to bear upon the earth its elf but b e ,

cau s e i t i s of grea te r den s ity it i s not percep

tib l y a ff ecte d Theo r etically eve r y lake and
.
,

pon d has a ti d e but the m otion of the water

,

is too s light to be m ea s u r ed Th e m oon is .

supposed to p o s s e s s neither atm o s phe r e n o r

water Thou s and s o f age s ago the luna r s u r
.

face w a s subj ected to terrible volcanic actions

which fo r ce d the land into ridge s s o m e of ,

the m suppo s ed to e x cee d feet i n height ,

and r ents and d ep r e s s ion s of co r r e s pon d ing

depths Th e s u r fa ce of th e m oon app ea rs to
.

be de s ol a te and to be u n tted to s uppo r t any

fo r m of life .

M o rta l i ty Ab out 1 5 people ou t of eve r y

.
-

thou s an d of the popul a tion o f the U ni te d

S tates die during each year Th e pe r cent a ge
.
7
8 1 000 THINGS WORTH K NOWING
of m a l e death s i s s om ewhat larg er than that
of fe m ale , due to accident s The annual death .

rate p er th ou s an d i s : in Lo s Angeles , 1 5
in Sa n Fr ancis co , 1 7 in D enver , 1 9 in Wash
i n gton , D C , .in Chicago ,
. in Indian
a olis , i n Louisville, in N ew O r lean s ,
1 7 in B alti m ore
. in B os ton ,
, in D e
tr oi t, in Minneapolis , in S t Paul , .

in Kan s a s C ity , in S t Loui s , in .

O m a h a, 1 6 in N ew Yo r k , in C incinn a ti ,
in C leveland , in Ph iladelphia,
i n Pitt s burgh , in M e m phis .

M o rt g a g e s .
-
A m o r tgage
is a bill of sal e - -

fro m th e owne r of p r oper ty to anothe r c om

petent to hold p r o perty The on e giving th e .

m o r tga ge i s called the m o r tgagee and the on e ,

to w h o m it i s m a d e i s known as the m o r t
.

gagor A m ortgage di ff e r s fr om a bill of sal e -

i n that the m ortgago r cannot obtain owner

ship of the proper ty m ortgaged unle s s th e ,

a m ount involved i s not paid h i m at the e x pi r a

tion of the m o r tgage or the inte r es t is n ot ,

m et All m o r tgages m u s t be r egi s te r ed

. .

M or tgaged p r operty cannot be m oved altered , ,

or changed without the con s ent of the m o r t

gagor Th e prope r ty unle s s it is land s hould
.
, ,

be in s u r ed a n d the in s u r ance policy m ade

,

paya ble to the m o r tgago r in case of lo s s by

r e but the m ortgago r can collect only that
,

part of the insurance m oney w h ich r ep r es ents

th e a m ount of th e m o r t g age S hould the .

m ortgagee fail to pay interest at th e period

 1000 THI N GS WORTH KN OWI N G 79
s tated in the m ortga ge or should he be unabl e
,

o r refu s e to liqui d ate the m o r tgage at i ts ex

p i r a t i on the
, m o r tgago r cannot s eize the prop
et ty ex cept by act of law It m u s t be a d v er
.

ti s ed and sold at auction If the m o r tgaged

.

property brings a pr ice lower than the face

of the m o r tga g e the m o r tgagor lo s e s the dif
,

fer ence a n d h a s to bear the ex pen s e of fore

,

clo s u r e If m o r e than the face of the m o r t

. .

gage i s realized the m or tga gee i s entitled to

,

what is received le s s the face of the m o r tgage

,

a n d the ex penses of foreclo s u r e .

N a tu ral G as A gas gene

ated underground r ,

and due to che m ical action beneath the ea r th s

su r face I t i s found in va r iou s pa r t s of the

.

wo r ld and i s u s ed for fuel and illu m inating

, ,

largely for the fo r m er .

N a tu ra li za t ion Any foreigner

. alien ex or ,

c ept tho s e of the Mongolian o r B r ow n R ace ,

m a y beco m e a citizen of the United S t a te s ,

and be entitled to ever y p r ivilege granted to

natural bo r n citizen s ex cept that he cann o t
-

becom e Pr es ident o r Vice Pr e s ident of the -

United State s An ali en can n ot m ake a pp l i

.

cation for natur a lization or citize n s hip until

he i s 1 8 year s of age and he ca n not apply
,

for his Second or F i n al Paper of N atu r aliza

tion until he h a s lived in the Unite d S tates
for at lea s t ve year s a n d he m u s t m ake h i s
D eclaration of Intenti on two o r m o r e yea r s
before he applies for h is S econd or F inal
80 1000 THI N G S WORTH K N OWING
Paper . The applicant m ust be a resident of
the S tate in whic h he m ake s petition for na
t u r a l i z a ti on not le s s than one yea r , and have
lived at lea s t four year s ad d itional in the s a m e
S tate , or in s om e othe r S tate H e m u s t m ake
.

application to the Unite d S tate s D i s tr ict C ourt

in the S tate in wh ich he live s Th e co s t of .

beco m ing natu r alize d i s le s s than A

m ar r ied wo m an d oe s not have to be natural
i z ed if h er hu s ban d h a s beco m e a citizen of
the United S tate s , and the child r en of the
n aturalize d pa r ent s beco m e ci tizen s at 2 1 yea r s ,

o f age without taking out naturalization p a

pe r s F ull par ticular s r ega r ding the p r oces s
.

o f natu r ali z ation a r e very plainly a n d ex p l i

c i tl y s tate d in a book entitle d H ow to Obtai n

C itizen s hip , by N athaniel C F owler, Jr . .

N ews p apers A
new s paper is a periodical
i s s ued a s often a s once a week and contains ,

the news of the d a y ei the r local or gene r al

, ,

or both .Th e m aj o r ity o f new s p a pe r s are of

four o r eight page s but o ften th e n u m ber of
,

page s run a s high a s 24 or even 72 an d 0 c

, ,

c a s i on a l l y 1 00 page s a r e i s s ue d at a ti m e In .

the United S tate s a n d C ana d a the r e a r e pub ,

l i s h ed over daily n ew s paper s ab ou t 75 ,

t r i weekly a little le s s than 65

-

, 0 s e m i weekly -

con s i d er able m o r e than weekly Of .

o ther pe r io d ical s about 60 a r e p u bli s hed eve r y

,

two week s s o m ewh a t le s s th an 300 s e m i

,

m onthly m ore th an , m onthly about 80 ,

 1000 THINGS W O RTH KN O WING 81

b i m onthly , and less

-
than 2 50 q uarterly Peri .

o d i c a l s publi s hed le s
s often than once a week

a r e not considered new s pape r s although they ,

m ay contain ne w s

.

N ew Y k S
or toc k E x ch a nge A single seat
.
,

ca r r ying with it m e m be r s h ip in the N ew Yo r k

S tock E x change h a s been s old for a s m uc h
and the lowe s t p r ice recorde d i
,

as

N i c kn a m e so f S t a te s.
A labam a , Cotton

S tate ; Ala s ka , E ldo r a d o of the N o r th
A r kan s as , B ear C alifornia , Gol d en

L an d ; C olorado , C entennial S tate ; C o n

n ec ti c u t, N ut m eg ; D elawa r e , B lue H en
and D iam ond S tate F lo r ida , (7
,q and
F lowe r y S tate Geo r gia C racker State
,

Indiana , H oosier S tate ; Iowa ,

H aw k

eye ; Kansas , Pr ai r ie ; Kentucky , B lue

G r a s s S tate ; Loui s iana , C r eole S tate
M aine, Pine Tree S tate ; Mar yland, Old

L ine S tate ;

M as s achu s etts , Old B ay
S tate Michigan , Lake S tate M innesota?
Gopher S tate Mi s s i s s ippi B ayou S tate
,

M i s s ou r i , B ullion S tate Montana , Moun

tain S tate N ebraska , B lack Water S tate
N eva d a , S ilver S tate N ew H a m p s hi r e ,

G r anite State ; N ew Je r s ey , R ed M u d

S tate ; N ew Yo r k , E m pi r e S tate ; N orth
'

C ar olina , Old N orth S tate N o r th D akota ,

C yclone S tate Ohio , B uckeye State ;
Oklaho m a , B oom er S tate Oregon, B e a
82 1000 THINGS WORTH K N OWIN G
ver S tate ; Penn s ylvania Keystone State ,

R hod e Island ,L ittle R ho d y ; Tennessee ,

O ld Franklin S tate South C arolina Pa l ,

m etto S tate ; S outh D akota B lizza r d ,

S tate Tex as Lone S tar S tate

, Utah
-

Morm on S tate Verm ont G r een Moun ,

tain S tate Vi r ginia O l d D o m inion ;
,

We s t Virginia Pa nhandle S tate ; Wisco n
,

sin , B adger S tate .

N i tr o glycer i n e N itroglycerine i s m ade of

.

com m on glycer ine m i x ed with strong nitr i c .

and s ulphuric aci d s and i s e x tr em ely ex plo s ive

,

and dangerous It h a s to be ex ploded by con

.

c u s s i on or s hock and not by re, It is u s ed .

fo r bla s ting and other pu r po s e s and occas ,

s i on a l ly i s taken in ve r y s m all d o s e s a s a m edi

cine but never should be u s ed m edicinally ex
,

cept by the advice of a phys ician who shoul d

be p r e s ent when it i s taken .

N ote s A note s hould be s igned in ink but ,

a pencil s ignat ur e i s good in l a w A note is .

not payable on de m and unles s it so states A .

note m ay be payable to o r d er o r to bearer If .

p ayable to order and t r an s fe r r e d

, it m u s t be ,

endo r s ed Th e endo r s e r of a note i s liable for

. .

i ts paym ent if the m ake r of it d oe s n ot pay it

, .

E ach sign er of a joint note i s liable fo r th e

full am ount N otes do not bear inte r e s t u m
.

le s s s o s tated . Value receive d s hould be

written in eve r y note but it is not e s s e ntial , .

O cea n O w n ers h i p The ocean is com m on

.
84 HBO THIN G S WO R TH KN OWI N G
York to Liver pool in 1 3 days 1 hour and 25 , ,

m inutes . The F lying C loud and An

drew Jacks on s ailed f r o m N ew York to S a n
F ranci s co in 89 days and the S ea Witc h
,

m ade the tr ip fro m C anton C hina to N ew , ,

York in 74 day s 1 4 hou r s Th es e ea r ly clip

, .

per ship s we r e quite s m all m any of th e m not ,

being over 200 ton s Th e r s t large clipper

.

s hip w a s the Ann M c Ki m which was 43 ft , .

long a n d 493 ton s bur d en S ub s eque n t s ail

, .

ing ve s s el s of eno r m ou s size we r e built the ,

John B e r t r a m having a tonnage o f 1080 ,

the Ga m ecock the S taghound

the F lyi n g C loud the S ta f
fo r d s h i r e th e S ove r eign of th e S ea s

ton s and th e Great R epubli c
,

tons .

P al m istry Th e study of the lines of the

pal m which th e ancient s believed indicated
,

characte r and futu r e P al m i s t r y i s to d ay

.
-

p r acticed by three cla s s e s of p e0 p l e : ( 1 ) p r o

fes s ion a l pal m i s ts m o s t of who m a r e c h a r
,

l a ta n s ; ( 2 ) a s a dive r s ion ; ( 3 ) by s u p er s ti
tiou s p eo ple w h o believe in it A scientic .

s tudy of t h e s ubj ect d oe s not fu r ni s h any evi

dence that the line s of the han d have any

s pecial s ignic a n ce and no s cientic per s o n
,

give s the m a n y c r e d ence .

P a rtne r s hip A par tne r ship i s an agr ee m ent

.
,

u s ually written between two or m o r e pe r s on s

, ,

for th e doing of bu s iness or for the ca r r ying

 1000 THI N G S WORTH KNOWI N G 8 5

ou t of any contract or for the accom plish m ent

o f any work The partners m ay have equal
.

owne r s hip or it m ay be unevenly divi d e d

,
.

In the equal p a rtner s hip s each pa r tne r has ,

the s a m e n ancial inte r e s t and s hare in the

prots a n d al s o the s a m e right of control
,
.

In other pa r tne r s hip s the nancial inve s t m ent

,

or inte r e s t s a r e unevenly divided ; and the one

who hold s m ore than half interest controls
the busi n e s s unles s other wi s e p r ovide d for in
,

the partne r s hip agree m ent P artners m ay be .

i n na m e only and not ow n any of the p r op

,

er ty . Active partners a r e those w ho give

p r actically all of their ti m e to the conductin g
o f the bu s ine s s S ilent pa r tners are not likely
.

to take any activ e part in the m anage m ent of

the bu s ines s but they m ay con tr ol it if thei r
, ,

n ancial in ter e s t is su fcient Under co m m on .

law no pa r t n e r h a s a right to engage in any

,

other bu s i nes s which would inj ure the par tner

ship unles s pe r m itted to do s o by the other
,

partne r s Th e acts of one pa r tner bind all

.

of the rest If one pa r tner co m m it s fr aud in

.

the na m e of the r m the othe r s a r e nancially

-

respon s ible although they m ay have h a d no

,

kn owle d ge of h i s action Th e pa r tners hip or .

bu s ines s m ay or m a y not be liable for the p r i

vate debt s of any one pa r tne r U s ually a .

pa r tner cannot be hel d fo r m o r e than h is in

t er es t in the r m Partne r s hip s m ay be d i s
.

solved by m utual agreem ent o r by j udicial

act and it is u s ual to publi s h the dissolution
,
86 1 000 THINGS W O RTH K N O WING
of partnership i n on e or m ore of th e local
new s pape r s and to s end notice s of it to the
,

trade A li m ite d par tner s hip doe s not hold

.

any pa r tne r or the concern itself liabl e for

m o r e than the a m ount of the p r ope r ty in th e
bu s ine s s but a partnership will not be c on s i d
,

ered li m ited unless it i s publicly a n nounc ed .

P a te n t M ed i ci n es
It has been sai d and with som e degre e of,

truth that A m ericans are self dosers and

,
-

that they are p r one to attem pt to cure them

selve s even o i s e r ious d iseases without con
, ,

s u l ti n g a phy s ician .

Th e s ale of pa t ent m edicines is enorm ous ,

a lthough I think it is di m ini s hing in volu m e ,

d u e to the e x posu r es w h ich h ave appea r ed in

m any pe r iodicals and to the better education
,

of the people .

A pa tent m edicine technically speaking , ,

i s a con cocti o n or d r ug or com bination of ,

d r ugs clai m ed to be a re m edy or cu r e for a

,

s pecic ill or for all of th e ill s that the hu m an

e s h is h ei r to It is m anufactu r ed in large
.

q uan t iti es a n,d bottled o r put up with a t t r a c

tive label s with m o r e o r le s s di r ections given
,

for i ts u s e Many of the patent m edicines a r e

.

eithe r ab s olutely ine ffective or a r e po s itiv ely

d angerou s Many of the m contain a lar ge
.

pe r centa g e of alcohol which act s as a tran s i

,

ent tonic and p r o d uce s an ex h i l i r a tion which

,

th e su ff erer i s likely to con s ide r benecial .

 1000 THING S WO R TH KN OWING 87

The e ect of the alcohol soon wears O E and ,

the taker is m uch worse for having swallowed

it
.

Other patent m edicines contain cocaine and

other dange r ou s d r ugs which never s hould be
,

taken without the a d vice of a phys ician Th e .

e ffect of s om e pate n t m e d icine s i s likely to

be i m m ediate a n d to appear to be e f cacious .

S om e patent m e d icine s however a r e m ade of

, ,

pure d r ugs and are really valuable I a m

, .
,

however opposed to the u s e of patent m edi

,

cine s even of tho s e which are carefully and

,

scientically com poun d ed .

It i s obviou s that the laym an cann ot diag

n ose his trouble and the label on the bottle
, ,

or the pam ph let acco m panying it i s lik ely to ,

confu s e h im and in m any ca s es m akes h im

,

feel that he i s s u ff er ing fro m a n ail m ent or

di s ea s e which does not ex i s t .

H eadache pow d e r s cough m edicines tonics

, ,

of all kind s soothing s yr u p for b a bies should

, ,

be con s cientiou s ly avoi d e d u n le s s p r escribed

,

by a phy s ician They are likely to contain

.

dan gerou s drugs and m ay have no m edicinal

,

p r ope r ties at all .

B ecau s e a certain m edicine has wo r ked well

with on e pers on s hould not be taken as evi
dence that another can take it to h i s a dv a n
t age . Si m ilar sym pto m s m a y e x i s t and yet ,

th e root of the trouble be entirely di fferent .

E ven if eve r y patent m e d icin e were pure

a n d scientically com pounded I would advi s e ,
88 1 000 T H I N GS WORTH K N OWIN G
against th eir use unless recom mend ed by a
,

phy s ician who is likely to dia gno s e correctly

,

the trouble and to apply the right r e m edy .

P hysicians are not infallible but eve r y r e ,

p u t a b l e phy s ician i s a g r a d uate of a m e d ical

s chool a reader of cur r ent m e d ical m agazines
, ,

and i s con s ta ntly in touch by e x pe r ience with

, ,

other p h y s ician s and with hu m an ail m ents .

E ven if he i s not an e x pert h is clo s e p r o x i m ity

,

to d i s ea s e m akes h im far m ore reliable than

th e label on the m edicine bottle .

I would advi s e no one to plac e hi m self

in the ha n d s of any phy s ician who is not a
m e m ber of o n e of the g r eat m e d ical a s s oc ia
tion s m aintai n ed by both th e allopathic and
,

ho m eopathic s chool s .

The s e a s s ociation s will not adm it into m em

b er s h i p any one who has not been p r ope r ly
in s tructe d and who i s not reliable Any phy
, .

s i c i a n of s tan d ing a n d with a su fcient knowl

,

edge o f the hu m a n body can obtain m e m ber

,

s hip i n the s e a s s ociation s and tho s e who are

,.

not m em be r s m ay be looked upon with s u s

p i c i o n , although it i s quite likely t hat s o m e
o f the m are r eliable ; but a s t h ey a r e out s ide
of th e a s s ociati o n s th ey cannot h ave the facil
,

ities of con s ultation a n d e x pe r ience which a r e ,

given to those in regular standing in an a s s o

c i a t i on .

It i s obvious th at one of even o r di n a r y abi l

ity w h o i s educat ed i n t h e p r o fe s s io n i s m o r e
, ,

reliable than one who d octors by h is wits ,

 1 000 THINGS WO R TH KN OWI N G 89

e ven though he m ay appear to be succe s s ful .

Although the r e a r e so m e C harlatans in the

p r ofe s s ion who p r actice in thei r own in teres t
,

m ore than in that of th ei r patient s the a v ,

er age phy s ician rep r e s ent s the h ighest or d er

of civiliza tion H e knows at the s tart that
.

h i s p r o fe s s ion i s not li k ely to b r i n g h i m heavy

na n cial r etu r n H e goes into it with h i s eye s
.

open H e is un d er the s tr icte s t rules a n d

.

regulatio n s a n d cannot m aintain his stan d

,

ing in th e a s s ocia tion s o r with the public

, ,

if h e d oe s not p r actice legiti m ately H e has .

eve r y facility at h i s co m m a n d a n d although ,

he i s not al w ay s s ucce s s ful he i s far better ,

able to p r o d uce r e s ults than is one who has

not b een p r ope r ly e d ucate d and who lack s ,

e x pe r ience and a s s ociation with other doctors ,

a n d w h o h a s not h a d ho s pital practice E ve r y .

reputable phy s ician h a s not only g r aduated

fro m a m e d ical s chool but w a s give n op p or
,

tu n i ty to p r actice in ho s pit a l s a n d el s ewhe r e

befo r e he bec a m e a fam ily p h ys ici a n The .

s o called s peci a li s t beg a n as a fa m ily phy s i

-

c ia n and give s h i s ti m e s o m ewhat e x clu s ively

,

to one d i s ea s e or to s u r ge r y Th e s u r geon
.
,

while a regular phy s ician s pecialize s in s u r ,

ge r y and co m pa r atively few fa m ily p r a c ti

,

t io n er s will han d le a s e r iou s s u r gical ca s e ,

ex cept in e m e r gencies They r efer the patient

.

to the s kill ed s u r geon .

Th e p h y s ician i s b o th a cu r er and p r eventor

of disease . I would ad vi s e eve r y one no m a t ,
90 1 000 TH IN GS WORTH K N OWIN G
ter how healthy he m ay be to consult a r e ,

p u ta b l e p h y s ician once a year a n d to be ove r ,

haule d s o to s peak Most troubles c an be

, .

obviate d if taken in ti m e A s y m ptom seem .

i n gl y s e r iou s to the one h a ving it m a y be of

little con s equence a n d yet it m ay be the fore
,

run n er of an incu r a ble d i s ea s e If a good .

phy s ician i s con s ulted in ti m e he m ay either ,

obviate the t r ouble or p r event i ts rapid i n

crea s e N o one s hould atte m pt to diagno s e
.

h i s own condition . E ven the phy s ician will

not d o so for h i m s elf becau s e n o one can tell
,

by h is feelings e x actly what is the m atter

with h i m or what would better be done Th e .

phy s ici a n when sick con s ults othe r phys i

,

c ia n s
, if his trouble is o f any s e r iou s ne s s Th e .

ex pen s e of an annu a l e x am ination need not

ex ceed tw o or three dollar s a n d s om e physi ,

c i a n s will m ake it for a dollar They a r e likely .

to locate any trouble although it m ay have

,

ju s t appeared and the s ym ptom be slight .

They will p r e s c r ibe a t r eat m ent which can ,

n o t fail to be of be n et to tho s e w h o con s ult

the m The r efo r e I s a y vi s it a good phys ician
.
, ,

at lea s t once a year i rre s pectiv e o f your

,

he a lth .

In eve r y ci ty and i n m any of th e t own s

, ,

a r e practicing alleged physicians or d o ctors ,

w h o clai m to be u nusually ex pert and able

t o cure whe r e othe r s fail or even to cure what ,

c annot be cu r e d . S o m e of them are graduate s

of m edical school s , and are r eally good phy
92 1 000 TH I N G S WO R TH K N OWIN G
d ea vor s to invent what w a s suppo s ed to be
pe r petual m otion ; that is a m ac h ine which ,

will ke ep per petually in m otion with out bei n g

r epleni s h e d or s upplied wi th out s i d e e ne r gy .

About 60 yea r s ago s cie n tic bo d ies re fu s ed

to con s i d e r it a s i t w a s p r oved to be i m p os
,

s ible . Th e S c ie n tic A m e r ican m a ny yea r s ,

a go , like n ed pe r pe tual m otion to a n ene r gy

which will pe r m it a m a n to lift hi m self by
h i s boot s tr a ps
-
.

P etr o leu m I n d u s tr y The annual produc

.
-

ti o n i s con s iderably m o r e than

gallon s a yea r .

P h i lipp i n e I s l an d s Th e Philippine I s land s

con s i s t of ove r i s land s havi n g an a r ea
,

of about s qu a r e m ile s Th e p o p u l a
.

tion ex cee d s an d the de n s ity of

p o pulation i s about 67 to th e s qua r e m ile as ,

against 26 to th e s qua r e m ile in the United

S tate s . Th e cli m ate i s tr opical .

P i a n ofo rte Th e pi a no o r pianoforte is said

.

to have been inve n ted in Italy and to have

appea r e d in 1 71 4 Ge r m a n y h o weve r clai m s
.
, ,

t h e hono r of i ts invention It w a s int r o d uced

.

i nto E ngl a n d in 1 766

Pl ate G l a s s
.

Th e s and out of which gla s s

,

i s m a d e i s m elte d u n til it i s of about t h e con

,

s i s tency of m ola s s e s . It 1 8 t h en pou r e d into

a ca s t ing t r o u gh o r a table m ounted on wheel s
s o i t can be r u n clo s e to the m out h of the fur
 1 000 THI N GS WORTH KNOWING 93

nace The m olten glass i s pou r ed into the

.

t r ough through a s luice way a n d before it -

ha r d en s heavy roll er s pa s s ove r it r educing it

, ,

to the requi r ed thi c kn e s s It i s roll ed to .

a bout 9 1 6 of an inch
-
and th en by fu r the r
,

rolling a n d p o li s h ing it i s red uce d to th e r e

quir e d thickn e s s It fu r the r pa s s e s th r ough
.

a s m el ting oven which th oroughly ha r dens

it Th en it i s aga in poli s hed
.
, .

P l a ying C ard s
Th e origin is unknown , al
thoug h t hey appea r ed i n E u r op e in 1 3 50 It .

i s clai m e d t h a t the A r ab s u s e d playing ca r d s

at a m uch ea r li er d a te It i s e s ti m a te d that
.

over s i x teen m illi o n packs of pl aying ca r d s

a r e m a d e annually in the United S tate s .

P ol e S tan This is a star of the second

m agn itude,found at the ex t r e m ity of the
handle of the Little D ipper .

P op ul a tion an d L a nd Ar ea of the U nited

S ta te s
Lan d ar ea
Geog aph i D ivis i o
r c n Popu lation ( s qu ar e
,

an d State 191 0 m i les ) ,

1 910
CON TIN EN T AL U TED STATES
NI .

GEocm m c DIVI SION S

N ew En g l an d
M idd l e A tl a n tic
Ea s t N or th C
en tr a l
Wes t N or th en tr a l C
Sou th A tlan tic
94 IM O THINGS WO RTH KNOWING
Ea s t South Centr al
Wes t Sou th Cen tra l
Pac1 c

N ew EN GLA N D
M a in e
N ew H amp s h ir e
Ver m on t
M a s s ach u s etts
R h od e I s l a n d
Con n ecti cu t
a u t A LAN IC T T
N ew
N ew J
er s ey .

Pen n s y l van ia
EAS T N or m CEN TRAL :
O h io

WES T N oa m CEN TRAL

M in n es ota
Iow a
Mi s s ou r i
N o r th D akota
Sou th Dakota
N eb r as ka
Kan s a s
SOU TH ATLAN TIC :
Del aw ar e
D is tr ict of Colu m bi a
V ir gin ia
Wes t Vir gin ia .

N or th Ca r ol in a
Sou th Car ol in a
G eo r gi a
Fl or i d a
96 1 000 T H INGS WO R TH KN OWI N G

2 9 73 965
10 . 6

588 73 -

9 638 4 5
3 1 752 28 55 .

6 - 1
1790
Acco r d ing to the ce n su s of 19 1 0 the r e are ,

in co n tinen tal Unite d S ta tes on the average

, ,

inhabi ta n ts to e a ch s qua r e m ile of land

a r ea or nea r ly s even ti m es the nu m ber per
,

squ a r e m ile s hown for the m uch s m a ller a r e a

of 1 7 90 and nea r ly th r ee ti m e s the nu m ber
,

show n for 1 860 Th e d ec r ea s e in the aver age

.

nu m ber of i n h a bit a n t s p er s qua r e m ile a t the

cen s u s of 1 8 10 a n d 1 850 w a s d u e in each c a s e
to la r ge acces s ion s of thinly populate d te r r i
tor y d u r ing the d eca d e p r ece d i n g th e cen s u s .

In the o r d e r of thei r d e n s ity of populatio n

the nine geogr aphic d ivi s ion s of the count r y
rank as follow s : Mi d d le Atlantic in ,

habitant s p er s qua r e m ile ; N ew E ngland ,

E a s t N o r th C ent r al , E ast S outh

C ent r al, S outh A tl a n t1c 453 West N o r th
,

C entr al , We s t S outh C entral Pa ,

ci c , 1 3 2 ; and Mountai n 3 1, Th e changes

.

in d en s ity f r om cen s us to cen s us cor re s pond

preci s ely with the c h ange s In a r ea a n d the to
tal nu m be r of inhabit a nts It m ay be noted
.
,

h owever th a t on account of th e rapid inc r ea s e

,
 1000 THI N GS WO RTH KNOWI N G 97
in their population the Pacic sta tes in 1 9 10
for the r s t ti m e a r e app r o ac h i n g in den s ity ,

of popul a t ion con d itions foun d in th e s tates

,

between the M is s is s ippi R iver and th e R ocky

M ountains .

P or to R ic o P orto R ico contai ns about

.

s qua r e m ile s and h a s a popul a tion of

,

con s ide r able m o r e th a n a m illion Th e cli .

m ate i s tropical and the l a nd is e x tre m ely fer

tile.

P os ta ge S tam p s They w er e inv ented i n ,

1 834 and w ere intro d uced i nto Am erica i n

,

1 847 .

P ou ltr y a n d E gg I nd u s tr y N early .

000 of poultr y, inclu d i n g c h icke n s , tu r key s ,
gees e, a n d pigeon s , a r e rai s ed in the U n ited
S t a te s a n nually The total value i s about
.

E ach year the production of

eggs i s about d ozen Th e people .

o f the Unit ed S tates eat about 5 % fowl s per

y ear per capita , and a little over 1 7d ozen eggs .

Pr es i d en ts of th e U n it ed Sta tes
( )
1 George Washington .

( )
2 John Adam s .

3
( ) Thom a s Jefferson .

( )
4 Ja m es Madi s on .

5
( ) Ja m e s Monroe .

( )
6 John Qui n cy A d am s .

7
( ) Andrew Jackson .
98 1000 THING S WORTH KNOWING
8) M a r tin Van B u r en .

9) Willia m Henry Harrison .

John Tyle r .

J a m es K P o l k . .

Zachary 1 T a ylor 1
.

1 3 ) Milla r d Fill m ore .

F r anklin P ierce .

1 5 Ja m es B uchanan .

1 6 Abraha m L incoln .

1 7) Andrew John s on .

18) Ulysses S G r ant . .

R utherfo r d B H ayes . .

20 ) Ja m es A Ga r eld . .

2 1 ) C hester A Arthur . .

Grover C leveland .

B enj a m in H a r r iso n .

William M c Kin l ey .

Theodore R oosevelt .

Willia m H Taft . .

Woodrow Wilson .

Pr i n cip al C ou n tr i es of th e Wor l d
0 0 0 11 1 111 ca r r rAL s o M I Lzs r or ULATI oN
d
.

A d i s A beba . 000
Ka b u l 1 1
4 75 01 00 0
B u en os Ai res . . 6 ,2 1 0 , 428

A u s tr ia a u n gar y
Bel um
v 1 en na B u . d. p es t 4
6
5
113125
1
451

548
Bol i via .
1 1
1 9 53 9 1 6
R i o d e J an ei r o 1
1 71, 388 55 6
don 1
.

re Lon 39 4 , 24 6 88 2

3,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 :
3 0 7620
4 26104 713 2 5
0 0 0 0

Ch in es e Em p ir e 1
4 1, 2 771 1 70
50 5, 000 1
4, 3 03 000

2,
100 1000 T H IN G S W O RT H KN O WIN G

hou r but the m ost e x pert feede r s ca n handle

, ,

about ca r d s a n hou r a n d the r eco r d is

,

not far from 2

( ) T h e cylinder pre s s .

Thi s press is u s ed for the p r inting of weekly

new s paper s books catalogue s a n d other lar ge
, , ,

wo r k Th e type is place d upon a a t bed h a v

.

ing a lateral m ove m e n t a n d th e paper i s fed

,

by han d onto a cyli n d er which r evolve s ove r

the m ovi n g b ed The s e p r e s s es h ave a s peed
.

o f fr o m to an hou r but co m p a r a ,

t iv el y few h a n d fee d e r s can handle m o r e than

-

or s heet s in an hou r ( 3 ) Th e .

per fecti n g p r e s s Th i s p r e s s i s u s e d e x clu

. ,

s i v el y for the p r i n ti n g of la r ge city n ew s p a

per s and s o m e b o ok s a n d catalogues a r e

, ,

p r inte d upon it Th e type m atte r is ca s t i n to

.

to a cyli n d e r Th e p a per to be p r i n te d upon

.

s tereotype s of ci r cul a r fo r m w h ic h are attac h ed

i s in a continuou s r oll a n d pa s s e s between the
s te r eotype cyli n d e r a n d an o t h e r rolle r The .

paper is fed into the p r e s s auto m atically a n d ,

i s auto m a tic a lly fol d ed and counte d The .

la r ge s t pe r fecti n g p r e s s in the wo r ld will p r int ,

fol d a n d count bot h s i d es of an eigh t page

,
-

paper at the r ate of copie s an hou r but ,

th e ave r age pe r fecting p r e s s d oe s not d elive r

m o r e th a n copies an hour Th e pe r fect .

ing p r e s s e s use d for b o ok s m a ga z ines and, ,

c a talogu e s run at a m uch s lowe r s peed .

Pr od u ction of B ook s In 1 9 1 1 b ook s

'

were p r o d uce d by A m erican autho r s of w hich

 1000 T H I N G S WO R TH K N OWING 10 1

we r e ction ; 9 1 7 were on th eology and

r eli g ion ; 9 1 9 of e s s ay s a n d lite r atu r e ; 5 27 on
hygie n e ; 734 j uve n ile ; 685 of poetr y and
d r a m a ; 300 e d uc a tion a l ; 1 9 6 were d evoted to
the ne a r t s ; a n d 86 to m u s ic .

P ublic D ebt of t h e U nite d S tates The ih

.

t er es t b ear i n g d ebt of th e Uni ted S tate s i s

-

a n d t h e n on intere s t bea r i n g d ebt

- -

is Th e Unite d S ta te s h a s i s
s u ed $9 46 242 27
, , O in gol d ce r tic a te s $482 , ,

i n s i l v er ce r tic a te s a n d t r e a s ury note s

,

to th e a m o u n t of At th e la s t a c
counti n g th e Uni te d S t a tes t r e a s u r y had on
h a n d in c a s h
P ublic S chool s Th e public s chool s y s te m
o r igi n a te d i n M a s s ac h u s etts a n d C o n n ecticut
sho r tly after th e s ettl em ent of th o s e S ta te s .

S c h oo l s w er e not e n ti r ely f r ee w h en o r iginally

e s t a bli s h ed Th ey h a ve n o w beco m e co m m o n
.

all over the Uni te d S t a te s and their m ain ,

t en a n c e i s r e qui r e d by l a w .

P ur e F ood Pu r e foo d laws enacted by th e

Unite d S ta te s G over n m ent a n d by S tate a n d

,

C ity G ove r n m e n t s a r e s uppo s e d to p r ote c t

,

th e co n s u m e r agai n s t a d ulte r ate d fo o d s Th e .

Un i te d S ta t es l a w h o w eve r h a s no j u r is d ic
, ,

tion over food m a n ufa ctu r e d o r put out in a n y

of the S t a te s unl es s it i s ca r r ie d f r om o n e
,

S t a te to a n othe r . Th e l oc a l food law s have

e

to d o only with the co m m u n ities co ver ed Th e .

1 02 1 000 THING S W O RTH K N O WING

p resent law d oes not appear to be su f cient

to protect th e public fully Th e statem ent .

w r itten on m any food packages r ea d in g ,

Guaranteed Un d er Th e F ood and Drugs

Act J une 30 1 906
, No , .m ust not
.

be con s i d e r ed as p r oof positive of purity It .

s i m ply m e a ns t h at the c onten ts of the package

or bottle is accor ding to the pre s c r iption or

form ula r egi s tered with th e Govern m ent and ,

d oes not s tand for quality or pu r ity B enz o .

ate of s o d a and other preservatives m ay b e

legally u s ed p r o vided la statem ent to that
,

e ffect i s m ade upon the package C hem ists .

di ffer a s to the inj urious effect of benzoate of

sod a but it is not advocated by any em inent
,

a utho r ity M ost of the pure food ex perts a r e

.

oppo s ed to i ts use irre s pectiv e of an y i n

,

j u r i ou s e f
f ect it m a y have u pon the con s u m er ,

becau s e thi s preservative will effectively kill

the odor of putr efaction and d isgu ise th e ta s te
and s m ell of rotten or spoiled fruit and other
products The con s um er will do well to r e
.

fu s e to pu r cha s e any article or food contain

ing benzoate of soda or other pre s er vative ,

for r s t cla s s and healthy m eat fruit and

-

, ,

vegetables do n ot requir e a chem ical p r es erva

tive Articial color in g m ay not b e injurious
. ,

as s o little of it i s required but foo d art ic i ally

,

pres erved m ay be dangerous and ve r y likel y ,

i s i m pure and m ay n ot have been fresh whe n

,

c an n ed .
1 04 1000 THI N GS WORTH K NOWING
an d a day coach about pound s .

S leeping car s weigh fro m to

poun d s Th e fa s tes t s hort di s tance r u n on
.
-

reco r d w a s m ade by the E m pire S tate Ex

p r e s s a t the rate of 1 1 2 % m iles per hour A
, .

N ew York train r a n a d i s tance of 44 m iles in

33 m inutes or at the rate of 80 m iles a n
,

hou r and a N ew Yo r k Central tr ain m ade

,

the d i s tance between N ew York a n d C h icago ,

96 5 m ile s in 1 5 hou r s a n d 43 m inute s or at

, ,

the r ate of 62 % m iles p er hour A N ew York .

C ent r al train r a n a s ho r t distance at the rate

of about 1 1 2 V ; m iles an hour and a F lorida ,

train r a n 5m ile s at the rate of 1 20 m ile s an

hou r D uring the la s t year there were
.

accidents by colli s ion and by dera il

m ent s a n d a total of
, accidents ; 3 1 8 pas
s en g er s were kill ed and ,wer e injured ;
e m ployees w ere killed and in,

j ur e d ; per s on s not connected with th e

rail r oa d s and not riding on t r ain s were
kille d and, i n j ured The nu m ber of
.

p a s s engers carrie d du r ing the year w a s nearly

a billion The r a il r o a d s of the United S tates
.
,

not including the switching and ter m in a l c om

p a ni cs e m ploy nea r ly
,
m en o r about ,

678 m en to every 1 00 m iles of t r ack .

R efer end u m A law by which all legisla

. .

tion m a y b e refer r e d to th e people either for ,

i ts r atication or rej ect ion The Initiative is a

.

p r oce s s by which any law m ay be enacted if ,

r equeste d by a s pecied nu m ber of citize n s .

 1000 THING S WO R TH K N OWING 105

The Initiative and R eferendu m are becom ing

c o m m on a n d thei r a d vocate s believe that they
,

a r e the s olution to m any of our political prob

l em s.

R eligiou s D enom i nation s In the United

S t a t es t h e r e a r e Adventi s ts about
,

B a tis ts a bou t
, C ong r ega ti o n
a l i s ts, about D i s ciples of C h r i s t .

about Lut h e r a n s
, about
M etho d i s ts about , Pr e s byte r ian s ,

about P r ote s tant E pi s copali a n s ab o ut

,

United B r eth r en about

, Uni
ta r i a n s about
, Univers alists and about
,

R o m a r C atholic s
. .

R oa d s The m ile a ge of all public road s i n

the United S tate s i s about m ile s ,

the r e being a lit tle over m ile s of stone

road a n d about of gr avel road A .

s an d clay r oad co s t s about

-
per m ile ,

gravel a little over $2 m acada m about

and bitu m i nous m acadam about

R ou n d Ta bl e
Tradition say s that i t was
m o d eled after a table m ade by Jos eph of A r i
m a th ea , a n d w a s an i m ita t ion of the one u s ed
at the L a s t S upper It i s s ai d to have h a d a
.

s e a ting capacity va r iou s ly e s ti m a ted at f r o m

thi r teen to one hu n d r ed and fty Acco r ding.

to the legen d de a ling with King Arthur a n d

h i s knight s , it w a s a r oun d m a r ble table m a d e
by the E nchanter Me r lin for Uther Pen d r a
1 06 1 000 THI N G S WO RT H K N OWI N G

gon Later i t ca m e into the po s ses s ion of th e

.

King of C a m el a r d , and w a s given by h im to

Arthur on h i s m arriage to the kin g s d augh ter

Guinevere Th e te r m R ound Table i s m uch

.

u sed in the U n ited S tate s , and r efers to a

table , u s u a lly round, occupied habitually b y
th e s a m e diner s .

R oy al A c a d em y F ounded in Lon d on i n.

1 768 It i s a n a s s ociation of arti s ts , and m ain
.

tain s a free s chool of a r t It hold s an annual .

ex hibition of p a inting s and s culpture s .

R oya l Society One of the m ost celeb rated

.

a s s ociation s in the world O r ga nized in L on .

d on in 1660 for the pro m otion of s cienti c

inve s tigation .

S ch oo l S ta ti s tic s The e are in the United r ,

State s , and wo m en acting as

m en
profes sors and in s tr ucto r s in unive r s itie s col ,

leges and technical s chool s

, Th e co m m on .

s chools contain nea r ly e n r olled

pupil s with an ave r age daily a tte n d a nce of
,

n ea r ly The s e s chool s e m ploy

n early teache r s who r ec eive an ave r,

age m onthly s a la r y of about The e s ti

m at ed value of public s chool p r ope r ty i s con
s i d er a b l y m o r e than and the
a nnual co s t of m aintaining th es e schools
ex ceed s
.
S ea s
ii s k
c ne s s Althou gh there are severa l
.
'

a dvert ed re m edie s w h ich cl a i m to p r event

108 1 000 TH IN GS W O RTH KNOWIN G
as follows : ( 1 ) Pride ( 2) An ger ( 3 ) E nvy , , ,

( )4 S loth 5
( ), L ust ( )
6 C ov e tousness
,
7
( ) ,

Gluttony .

S ev en L i b eral Ar ts A ter m applied during

the Mi d d le Age s to the following b r a nches of
lea r ning : ( 1 ) Arith m etic ( 2 ) Geo m etr y ( 3 ) , ,

A s tr ono m y ( 4) Mu s ic ( 5) Logic (6) R het

, , ,

or ic , 7
( ) G r a m m ar .

Sev e n Sp i ritu a l Work s of M er cy Accord .

-

ing to the teac h ing of the R o m an C atholic

C hurch th es e a r e a s fo llows : ( 1 ) To ad m on
,

i s h the s inful ( 2 ) to bea r w r ongs patiently

, ,

( )3 to co m fo r t the a ffl icte d ( )

4 to coun s el the ,

doubting ( 5) to for give offen s es ( 6) to i n

, ,

s t r uct t h e ign orant ( 7 ) to p,

r ay for the living
and the d ea d .

S ev e n Wi s e M en of G r ee c e Applied to .

seven Greek s age s whose wi s do m was em ,

bo d ie d in t h e following m a x i m s : ( 1 ) S olon

of Athens Know thy s elf ; ( 2 ) C hilo of
,

S pa r ta C on s i d e r the en d Thale

, ( )
3 s o f
M iletu s S u r ety s hip b r ings r uin
, ( 4 ) B ia s

o f Pr i en e Mo s t m en a r e bad ; ( 5) Cleo
,

bulu s of Lin d u s Avoi d e x tre m es

,

( )
6
P ittacus of Mitylene Know thine op p or tu
,

n i ty 7
; ( ) P e r ian d e r of Corinth N othing is ,

i m po s s ible to in d u s tr y .

S ev e n Won d er s of th e M iddl e Ages

The Coliseu m a t R o m e ( 2) the C atacom bs of ,

Alex and r ia ( 3 ) the Gr eat Wall of C hi n a ( 4)

, ,

the Leani n g Towe r of Pi s a ( 5) the Po r celai n ,

Tower of N a n king ( 6) the Mosque of St , .

 1000 THI N GS WO R TH KNOWING 1 09

S op h ia at Con s tantinopl e, 7
( ) th e R uins of
S toneheng e .

Seven Won d ers of th e N ew Wor l d .

N iaga r a F all s ,
Yellows tone P a r k ( 3 )
2
( ) ,

Garden of the Gods ( 4) Mam m oth C ave ( 5) , ,

Yo s e m ite Valley (6) Giant Trees ( 7) N a t, ,

ural B ridge .

S e v en W on d e r s rl
Wo d In ancient of th e
ti m e s g e n e r ally regarded a s foll o w s : ( 1 ) Th e
Py r a m i d s of E gypt ( 2 ) the H a n ging Garden s ,

of B abylon ( 3 ) the Mau s oleu m at H a l ica r

,

nas s us ( )
4 the
, T e m ple of D i a n a a t E phe s u s ,

5
( ) the C olo s sus of R ho d es 6
( ) the P h a r o s a t,

Alex and r ia ( 7) the Statu e of th e Olym pian

,

Jove in E lis .

Sh av ing L oti on s applied to the Hot water

face after s having r em oves m uch of the stin g
or s orene s s and the u s e of bay r u m ha m a
, ,

m eli s or witch hazel or al m on d c r ea m is to , ,

be recom m ended A ve r y goo d s having .

p r epa ration i s m ade of e q ual pa r ts of bay r u m

a n d ham am eli s .

Sh i p B ell s
Tim e A M
, . . Ti m e A , M . Tim e A , . M .

1 B ell B el l B el l
2 B ell s
a
B el l s
w
u

k -

m
h
C

3 30
:
x -

o
c 4 oo N oon
 1 10 1 000 THINGS WORTH K NOWING
Time . P . M . Ti m e, P
. M
. Tim e , P M . .

1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 1 5
6 2 6
7 3 7
8 4 00 8
Th ewor k on shipboa r d i s done by watche s ,

the c r e w being m u s tere d into two divi s io n s ,

known a s the S t a r boa r d Watch and Po r t

Watc h Th e day begin s at no o n and is di
.
,

v i d ed int o : Afte r noon Watc h no o n to 4

'

P M ; F i r s t D og Watch 4 P M to 6 P M ;
. .
, . . . .

S econd D o g Wa tch 6 P M to 8 P M ; F i r s t , . . . .

Watc h 8 P M to Mi d night ; Middle W atc h

, . .
,

1 2 A M to 4 A M ; M o r n i n g W atch 4 A M
. . . .
, . .

to 8 A M ; F or en oon Watc h 8 A M to noon

. .
, . . .

S l a v e r y S l a ve r y i s of a p r e hi s to r ic o r igin
.
,

but w a s co m m e r ci a lized by th e R o m a n s s o m e ,

of who m h a d a s m a ny a s s lave s In .

1 834 th e B r iti s h C olonie s e m ancipa t e d n ea r ly

,

s lave s and th e C ivil Wa r wipe d s lav

,

e r y out of the United S tate s It doe s not n ow .

e x i s t in any civiliz ed n ation .

S oa p Many of th e soaps upon the m a r ket

.

a r e i m pu r e and even dangerous a n d n eve r ,

s houl d be u s ed Mo s t of th e s tan d a r d w h ite

.

s oap s howeve r a r e pu r e a n d m ay be u s ed
, ,

fr eely Cheap laun d r y s o a p s a r e not only

. ,

i m pure but inj u r e the hand s ; a n d m any o f

,

th e highly pe r fu m ed soaps are ha r d ly better

1 12 1000 THINGS W ORTH KNOWING
oating in s pace and with appa r ently estab
l is h ed orbits F ro m ti m e to ti m e a s tr on o
.
,

m e r s clai m to have d i s cove r e d a new planet ,

but i ts ex i s tence i s not a s yet accepted Th e .

following table gives inte r e s ting inform ation

Mean
Di s ta n ce S i d er eal O r bit , Mea n
o f Ea r th P er i od , V eloc ity , Di a m et e r ,
f r om S u n , D ay s M i l es p e r M i l es
M i llions of Secon d
M il es

S om e Th ings Wor th Know i ng

Th e people of the earth s peak lan
guage s or dialect s .

There are 640 ac r es in a s qua r e m ile .

The ordinary our barrel contain s 1 96

pounds o f ou r .

What is known as a hand m easure i s 4

inches .

The s u n i s over m ile s f r o m th e

ear th and the nea r est x e d s tar is
,

000 m iles fr om the ea r th .

Th e s tock ya r d s in C h ica go w h ich are th e ,

la r ge s t in the wo r ld have 20 m ile s of s t r eet s

, ,

an d the s a m e nu m ber of m iles of wate r

trough s with 50 m iles of feeding tr ough s a n d
, ,

75m iles of drainage Th e ya r d s will a c com

.
 1000 THING S W O RTH KNOWIN G 1 13

m od a te over cattle , sheep and ,

hogs at on e ti m e . Th ey cost over

.

The ave r age person in h ales gallons

of a i r per day .

Son gs of th e C ivil Wa r
1
( ) B attle C r y o f F reedo m Georg e F . .

"
Root Yes we ll rally roun d the ag boys

.
,

.
,

2
( ) B attle F lag of the R epublic O W . . .

H ol m es F lag of the heroes who left u s

.

thei r glory .

( )
3 B attle Hy m n o f the R epublic Julia
Ward H owe Mine eyes have seen the glor y
.

of the co m ing of the L o r d .

( )
4 T h e B lue a n d the Gray F rancis M
Finch B y the o w of the inlan d r i ver

.

5
( ) B r ave B oy s Are T h ey H en r y C . .

Wo r k .B rave boys are they gone at their

,

country s call
.

( )
6 D i x ie ( S outhern ) Albert P ike . .

S outh r on s hea r you r country call you

, .

7
( ) D i x ie ( N o r t h e r n ) T M C ooley -
. . .

Away down S outh whe r e gr o w s th e cotton .

8
( ) John B r own s B o d y John B r

own s .

bo d y lie s a m ou l d r in g 1 n the gr ave

-

.

9
( ) Ju s t B efo r e the B attle Mother , .

Ge or ge F R oot . Ju s t b efo r e the battle

.
,

m other I a m thinking m o s t of you
, .

1
( )0 Ma r c h ing Th r ough G eo r gia H e n r y .

C Wo r k
. B r ing the good old bugle boy s ;
.
,

we ll sing anothe r song

.
1 14 1 000 THI NG S WORTH K NOWIN G .

( )
1 1 M aryland
! M y M aryland ( S outhern )
Jos eph R?R a ndall
.
,

-
The de s pot s heel is .

on thy s hore Ma r yland m y M a r yland

,

, .

12
( ) Oh Wrap the F lag Around Me B o y s
R S tewart Taylor
, , .

. .

13
( ) T ra m p Tr a m p Tra m p
, G eorg e F , .

R oot . In the pri s on cell I sit .

1
( ) 4 When Johnny C o m es Marching Ho m e
Louis Lam bert
.

1
( )5 When T his C r uel War Is Ov e r .

C ha r le s C S aw y er . D earest love d o y ou .
,

re m em b er ?
Harper s B ook of F acts
.

S p ec tacl e s a n d G l a sse s If y o u nd it d i f .
-

cult to read or you r eyes becom e weak and

,

ti r ed the chance s a r e you need proper glas s e s

, .

D o n t atte m pt to t the m to yourself E m ploy

.

a r s t cla s s optician o r oculi s t

-

the latter if ,

the trouble appea r s to be serious .

Spor ti n g, Sp ee d , an d O th er R ecor d s

The following records are co m piled from

the latest and bes t authorities
A irsh ip R ecor d s : Highest altitude reach ed .

feet ; longest non s top igh t 635% -

,
0

m ile s in 1 3 hours 22 m inutes ; longe s t t i m e i n

,

the air 16/2 hour s , .

Autom ob il e R e cor d s : 1 m ile s ; 2 , .

m iles ,s ; 5m ile s 2 m 34 s ; 5
. 0 m iles , .
, .
,

35 m 5 . 2V s ; 100 m iles 1 h 12 m 4 1 1 5s ;
, . . , .
, .
,
-
.
1 16 1000 THING S WO RTH KN O WING

( no shot i n ) best average

, 1 9 3 1 3 F rank Ive s ,
-

in C h icago high r u n , balk line , ,

single inning W W S pink in Los Angeles

, . . .

B ow l in g : Individual three ga m e s cor e -

Tho m as H ally D etr oit 705 , , .

E nd u r a n ce R ec o rd s : R elay R ac e Youn g ,

Men s Ch r i s ti a n A s s ociation boys ca r r ied m es

s age fro m N ew Yo r k to C hic ago ; ti m e 1 18 ,

h . 3 5 m ; di s tance
, . m ile s ( R u n ,sus .

pen d ed du r in g Sunday July ,

m il es go a s you ple a se 5
, 1 m iles p er ,

day for 100 days tr ack 44 laps to m ile Geor ge , ,

D N o r em a c N ew Yor k
.
, .

qua r ter m ile s in -

pe r iod s o f 10
m i n u t es ( walking a qu a r te r m ile at the c o m -

m en c em en t o f a n d wit h in e a ch consecutive
1 0 m inutes ) pe r fo r m e d twice by William
,

Gales at C a r di ff a n d at Lon d on E nglan d

, , , .

m ile s in consecutive hou r s wal k ,

ing 1 m ile e a c h hou r by C h a r les F Morse , .

,

at Jack s on Mich s ta r ting at 1 P M Jan 1 1

, .
, . .
,

1 89 7 and en d i n g at 4 A M
, F eb 22 1897 .
, .
, ,

t r ack 39 lap s to m ile .

Greates t di s tance walked without a rest 1 2 1 ,

m iles 385y d s by C A H a r r i m a n C alifornia

, .
, . .
, .

Walk fr o m Atla n tic to P a cic Ocean John .

E n nis s ta r ted w it h a plunge in t h e s u r f a t

C oney Is la n d N Y Mon d ay May , . .
, ,

a n d arrived a t th e C li ff H otel S a n F r anci s co , ,

A u gu s t 24 1 9 10 a n d took a p lun g e in th e
, ,

ocean befor e a cr o w d of a d m irer s l i e l ow er ed .

 1000 T H I N GS WO RTH KNOWING 1 17

Weston s ti m e by 25days E nn is l ike Wes

.
,

to n
, d i d not walk on S undays .

H am m er Throwing : 8 lb ham m er 2 10 ft .
, .
,

3 ih W L C on d on Ma r yland ; 1 0 lb h a m
.
, . . , .

mer 1 40 ft 2 i n W L Condon Marylan d

, .
, .
, . .
, .

Hur d le R acing Am a teu r : 40 y d s 2 ft 6

'

, .
,

sec Fo r est S m i thson In d iana ; F .

, , .

F letcher Indiana ; T N R icha r d s Indiana ;

, . .
,

5 0 yds 3 high hurdles

.
, 1 5s -
.
,

Fore s t Sm ith s on Portlan d Ore ; 75yds low , , . .

,

hu r d le s 2 ft 6 i n = 9 1 5 s John J E ller
, .
, .
-
.
, .
,

N ew York .

Jum ping A m a te u r : S tanding without, ,

weigh ts 1 1 ft 4 % i n R ay C E wry S t
, .
, .
, .
, .

Loui s ; run n i n g high j u m p without weights , ,

6 ft 7ih Geo r ge H or ine C a l ifo r nia

.
, .
, , .

i n n p i n g,
J Profession1 : S tanding high j u m p ,

w ith weig h ts 6 ft 572 i n J D a r by E nglan d ; , .

, .
, .
,

ru nning high ju m p without weights 6 ft , , .

,

l i n M F S weeney
.
, . . .

M ar ath on Te am R a ce : 26 m i l e s 385y d s , .
,

2 h 2 m 1 6 1 5s H an s Hol m er and Willia m

.
, .
,
-
.
,

Queal , N ew York .

M otor C ycle R e cord s : 1 m ile 36 4

5s ; 10 , .

11 5 6 m 2 1 4 5 s ; 1 00 m ile s 1 h 1 5 m
5
15
-
. .
,

3
, .
,

3 .

O cean R ecor d s Fr o m Queen s town to N ew

Yo r k, S S Mau r eta n ia, 4 d ay s , 1 0 hou r s ,
. .
1 18 1 000 THING S WORTH KNOWIN G
41 m inutes The fa s te s t day run was m ade .

b th e s a m e s hip 67 6 knots o r a littl e over

y
, ,

2 knot s p er hou r .

Po l e V a u lting A m a te ur : Pol e vault for ,

height 1 3 ft i n Ma r k S W r igh t N ew
, .
, .
, .
,

Yo r k 1 3 ft 1 i n R ob er t A Ga r d n e r Ph ila .
, .
, .
,

d el p h l a F or boy s 1 2 ft V2 i n R oy Mercer
.
, .
, .
, ,

Philadelphia .

P ol e Va ulting Pr ofes s i o n a1 : 1 1 ft 7 i n , .
, .
,

M H D icki n s on E n g l a nd
. .
, .

R u nning R ecord s Pr ofe s s ion a l : 20 y d s , .

,

2 1 5s R P W illia m s N ew London C on n ;
-
.
, . .
, , .

50 y d s 51 5s R P Willi a m s N ew Lon d on
.
,
-
.
, . .
, ,

C onn ; 1 00 y d s 9 1 5s R P W illi a m s N ew
. .
,
-
.
, . .
,

London C onn ; y d s 2 m 1,7 s W . .

, . .
, .

C u m m i n gs E n gland ; 1 m ile 4 m 1 2 34 s , , . .
,

W G Geo r ge E ngl a nd ; 100 m ile s 1 3 h 26 m

. .
, , . .

30 s C ha r les R owell N ew Yo r k
.
, , .

R u nning R ec or d s A m ateu r : 20 y d s 2 4 5 ,
-
.
,

s. E B B l os s R o x bu r y M a s s ; 2 5y d s 3 s
, . .
, , . .
, .
,

Jack C o n n olly B os ton ; 3 5 y d s 4 s A r thur , .

, .
,

D u ffy B a l ti m o r e ; 40 y d s 4 2 5s
, ( i n doo r s ) .
,
-
.
, ,

W D E ato n B o s ton ; D oc Th o r n ey M a d i s on
. .
, , ,

W1 5 4 1 5 s 50 y d s 5 1 5 s ( i n d oo r s )
.
-
. .
,
-
.
, ,

F or l m e S t Loui s ; 5 0 y d s 51 5s J H May
, . .
,
-
.
, . .

bu r y Wi s con s in Univ er s ity ; 50 y d s on gr a s s

, .
, ,

52 5s A D D u ffey N Z ; 60 y d s on gr a s s
-
.
, . .
, . . .
, ,

6 2 5s A F D u ff ey Au s tr ali a ; 60 y d s i n
-
.
, . .
,
.

d oor s 6 1 5s C harle s E S eitz Wa s h in gton ;

,
-
.
, .
,

100 yds 9 3 5s A F D u ffey N ew York ,

-
.
, . .
, .
120 1 000 THI N G S WO R TH K N OWI N G
b urgh ; 5m iles, 1 4 m .
, 47 1 -
5s .
, John Nilsson ,

Montrea l .

S w i mm ing : 40 yard s 1 8 s ( ex hibition ) , .

,

D ick C avill Po r tland O r e ; 100 y d s 1 m l % , , . .

, .
,

s.
,J N .uttall S talyb r idge E ngland ; 1 50 y d s , , .
,

1 m 39 s .
, D B illington S winton E ngl a nd ;
.
, .
, ,

200 yds 2 m 18V; s .

,D B illington in E n g .
, .
, .
,

land ; 300 y d s 3 m 32 1 5 s D B illington .

, .
,
-
.
, .
,

in E nglan d ; 500 y d s 6 m 6 s D B illington .

, .
, .
, .
,

in E ngland ; y d s 1 2 m 4 5 s D B illing .
, .
, .
, .

ton i n E ngl a nd ;
, m ile 1 7 m 36 2 5 s , .
,
-
.
,

D avi d B illington S y d n ey N S W ; 1 m ile , , . . .

,

26 m 8 s J N uttall in E ngland ; 20 34 m iles

.
, .
, .
, ,

5 h 51 m Fred C avill R ive r Tha m e s Lon

.
, .
, , ,

don ; 34 m iles 9 h 39 m J Wolfe Herne , .

, .
, .
,

B ay E nglan d ; 3 5 m ile s 2 1 h 45 m
, C apt , . .
, .

Matthe w Webb D ove r E ngland to C alais ; , ,

40 m ile s 9 h 57 m C apt Matthew Webb

, .
, .
, .
,

w ith ti d e R iver Tha m e s E ngland ; 74 m ile s

, , ,

84 h C apt Webb ( re s tr icte d to 1 4 hou r s a

.
, .

day ) La m be th B ath s E ngland T W B u r

. , . . .

g e s s s wa m E ngli s h channel D over to C ape ,

G r i s n ez in 22 h 3 5m , .
, .

S w i m m ing ( Wom en ) : Longe s t ti m e under

w ater 4 m 4 SV: s , Mi s s E Walle n da E n g
.
, .
, .
,

lan d ; a t E a r nley B a th s S c o tland Mi s s E thel , ,

Mackay s wa m 200 yds in 2 m 57 1 5 s ; 50 . .

,
-
.

y d s 3 1, s by Mi s s F anny B .u r ack N ew Zea

, ,

land ; 80 y d s 56 % s by Mi s s E lba Wh ittake r

.

.
, .
, ,

Milwaukee Wi s ; 1 00 y d s 1 m 6 s by Mi s s , . .
, .
, .
,

F anny D u r a ck N ew Zealan d ; 1 00 y d s back ,

.
,

stroke 1 m 26 s Mis s E lba Whittake r Mil

, .
, .
, ,
 1000 T H I N G S WO R TH K N OWI N G 12 1

w aukee ; 200 y d s , 2 m , 51 s , Miss Vera . . .

Ne ave, Lon d on ; 300 y d s , 4 m , 3 1 1 5s , Mi s s . .

-
.

Ve r a N e a ve , Lon d on ; Mi s s D ai s y C u r w en , in
E n gland ; 1 m ile , 32 m , 8 1 5s , Mi s s Mabel .
-
.

F le tc h e r , in E n glan d ; open wate r 3 1 m , , .

4 1 4 5s , Mi s s Vera N eave , Je r s ey , E ngland

-
. .

Tr otting R ecor d s m ile , 2894 s econ d s , :

L o u D ill o n , B r ighton B eac h , N Y , A u g 1 7, . . .

1 903 ; V2 m ile , 5 894 s Lo u D illon , C levelan d ,

0 , S ept 1 7, 1 904 ; 1 m ile , 1 m , 5
.

8 s , Uhlan . .

( with win d s h ield ) Le x ington , Ky , Oct 8, . .

1 9 1 2 ; 2 m ile s , 4 m , 1 5% s , Th e H a r veste r , . .

Le x ington , Ky ; Oct 1 3 , 1 9 10 ; 3 m ile s , 6 m ,

. . .

55% s , N igh ti n gale , 8 y r s ol d , N as hville ,

. .

Tenn , Oct 20, 1 89 3 ; 4 m ile s , 9 m , 42 s ,

. . . .

B a r on R og er s , M o s cow , R u s s ia , 1899 ; 5m ile s ,

2 s
1 m , 4 , Za m bra , 1 902 ; 10 m ile s , 26 m ,
2 .

. .

15 Pa s ca 1, N ew Yo r k , N ov 2, 1 89 3 ; 20 .

m ile s , 5
8 m , 2 5 s , Capt a in M c G ow a n , B os. .

ton , Oct 3 1 , 1 865; 50 m iles , 3 h , 55m , 40 %

A r iel , br own m a r e, May 5, 1 846 , Albany ,
. . .

N Y Th e fa s te s t m a r e m ade 1 m ile in 1 m ,
. . .

58% the fa s te s t gel d ing, a m ile in l m , .

58 s ; the fa s test s tallion , 1 m ile in 2 m , l s

. . .

Wal g
kin R ecords Am at e u r : , 75yds .
, 11 4 5 -

secon d s H a r r y F itzpatr ick N ew O r lean s ; M

, , ,

m ile 1 m ,
22 1 5 s ; m ile 3 m.
,
F H -
.
, .
, . .

C r ea m er N ew Zealand 1 m ile 6 m 22 4 5s
, , .
,
-
.
,

W Mu r r a y A u s t r alia
. , .

Wa lki ng R ecor d s Pr ofes s ion al : m ile 1 ,

-
,

m 26 s
.
, V; m ile 3 m V; .s ;,
l m 1 l e 6 m , .
,
.
, .
,
122 l CDO THI N G S WO RTH KNOWIN G
22 % ,s . D M H
onovan ,.Westport , N Y .
; 2 . .

m ile s 1 3 m , 14 s , H W R aby, in E nglan d

, . . . .

5m ile s , 3 5m , 10 s , J W R aby , in E ngland

. . . .

10 m ile s 1 h , 14 m , 4 5s , J W R aby, in E n g
, . . . . .

land ; 25m iles , 3 h , 3 5m 1 4 s , W F ranks , . .

, . .

in E ngland ; 100 m ile s 18 h , 4 m , W A , . . . .

Hoagla nd, in N ew York .

Sta n d ar d Tim e
Until 1883 each city or di s trict m aintaine d
,

i ts own ti m e usually accepting what is known

,

as True Ti m e Th i s condition cause d c om

.

plication s F or e x a m ple : Many rail r oad s ta

.
-

tion cloc ks either gave tw o t i m e s o r el s e there ,

wer e sepa r ate clock s for each ti m e s om e of ,

the train s leaving the s tation on what w a s

know as N ew York ti m e while other s left ,

o n local ti m e B ank s and busines s hou s es

.

clos ed on eithe r of the ti m es There w a s n o .

s tandar d and no agr ee m ent .

In 1883 S tanda r d Tim e was establ ished

, .

The Firs t S ec tion w a s known a s the E as t ,

er n a n d cove r ed all ter r itory between the A t

,

l a ntic C oa s t a n d a line d r awn fro m D etroit ,

Michigan to C ha r leston South C arolina

, , .

Th e C entral S ec tion included everyth i n g b e

tween the D et r oit C harl es ton lin e and a line -

d r awn fr o m B is m arck N orth D akota to th e , ,

m outh o f the R io Gr ande R iver .

The Third S ection known as M ountain ,

Ti m e
.

,included the territor y between the

124 1000 THI N G S WO RTH KN OWING
and even generally but n ot for the pres en t
, .

Star C m b er
h a A tribunal m ade up of a
.
,

co m m ittee of the Ki n g s Pr ivy C ouncil insti

,

t u ted or r evived i n 1 486 It was s upp o s ed to

.

have al m o s t unli m ited powe r s and to be ex

e m pt fr o m any rule s or law It had the r ight
.

to inict a n y for m of puni s h m ent e x cept d eath .

The te r m i s now applied to a s s e m blies or com

m i ttees or othe r s who conduct their inve s tiga
tions and decide upon que s tions in s ecret .

Star s , Th eir N u m b er

Th e n u m ber of vi s ible stars is as follows

1 9 stars o f the r s t m agnitude
59 second
182 thi r d
530 fou r th
fth
six th
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
t h i r teenth
fou r teenth
fteenth

S ta r Sp a ngle d B a nner
-
-
. The national song
 1000 T H I N G S WO R TH KN O WIN G 125
.

of the United S tates Co m pos ed by F rancis .

S cott Key on the night of S epte m ber 1 3 1 81 4 , .

Th e ca r tel s hip M in d en w a s anchored i n

-

s ight of Fort M c H en r y and fro m her d eck ,

Key saw during the night of 1 3 S ep t 1 8 1 4

, , ,

the bo m bard m ent of that fo r tre s s It w a s .

du r ing the e x citem ent of thi s at tack a n d while ,

pacing the deck of the M in d en with inten s e

an x iety between m idnight a n d d a w n that Key ,

co m p os e d t h e s ong It w a s r s t w r itten on
.

the back of a letter and afte r h i s r eturn to ,

B alti m ore copied out in full Harper s
.

B ook of F acts .

Sta ti s ti cs of P op u l a ti o nU n i te d S ta te s ,
b y S ta te s
Por ou r xox or C on n x s x r u . Um r r n Su n s , a v Dm s rox s s un
S l an ts , 1 9 00 A N D 1 9 1 0, AN D RAN K 1 11 Por u u r xox
R a n k in
Geogr ap hic Divi s ion an d State P op u l ati on P op u l a ti on
191 0 1 9 00 1 9 1 0 1 9 00
Con ti n ental Un i ted S tates .

G eoczu n r c m vr s ron s :
N ew En gl a n d 1 11
Mi d d l e A tl an t ic 1
h
Eas t N or t Cen tr al 58 1 11
W h
.
,

es t N or t C e n tr a l 42 3 xv
h
Sou t Atl a n t1 c
.
.

111
Ea s t S ou t h
Ce n tr a l v1
W h
.

es t Sou t Cen tr al 17
M
.

ou n ta in 11:
Pd c 2 O4 1 6 692 Vi z!
N ew E N GLAND
M ai n e 694,466 34
N ew H am p s i r e h 39
3 4 3 , 64 1 42
Mas hs ac u s etts 416 34 6
Rh d
o e Il s an d 61 0 4 28 , 556 38
Con n ecti cu t 756 9 08 42 0
M1 0 0 1; ATLAN N'
C
N ew Yor k 1 1
11 16
2 2
126 1000 T H IN G S W O RT H K N O WIN G
Ea r N ou n Cu m :
O io
In g
hl xa na
4 4
76 9 8
Illi n oi s 3 3
M h ic i ga
n 8 9
W s co s n
i n i 2. 13 13
Was ? N ou n Cu m
M i n n es ota 19 19
1 10
M is s ou r i ; 5
N or th Dakota 57 , 056 6 37 40
58 888
. 0 36 38
N e bras ka 29 27
22 22
Sc or n ATLAN N '
C
Dela war e
Ma o d
r y la n
Dis t ri ct o f Col um bi a
V i r gi n i a
Wes t V ir g i n i a
N ort h
Car ol in a
& u th a t ol m

Eu r Sc or n C u r r an
Ken tucky o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o
o o

mu d !
Wa
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 O 0 0 0 O

r Sou r n C aref u l.
A r kan s as
Lo u is ia n a

Mon a u r al
M tan a on

y om m g
Col orado
N e w Mex i co
A l onl
h
' O C o o o o a o e o o o o o o o o o

Uta
N eva d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 8

Pa cr rxc :
Was h in gton 30 34
1 3 , 36 35 36
53 12 21

S ta tu r e an d Weigh ts
There h a ve appeared in public print sev ,

eral tables which th e co m pilers clai m a r e

, , ,
128 1000 THI N GS WO RTH KNOWI N G

Ci r cu m fer en ce Cir cum fer en ce

H ei h t of Ch es t H eigh t of Ch es t
F eet n eb es In ch es Feet In ch es In ch es
5 6 32 5
g
4 n

5 7 33
s W e 33 V: 6
5 8 34 6
s 9 3 M 6
5 35 6

The stature s hall n ot be below 5 ft 6 .

nor the weigh t bel ow that m a r ke d a s its m ini

m u m acco m pani m ent i n the subj oine d ta ble .

H ei gh t Max . Weight
Feet In ch es Pou n d s
M 6 1 80

1 87

U

N
A W 1 95

U 0 20 2
A H0 2 10
N
W N 217
O 22 5
Q 2 33
Q
Q

S te am E n gi n e Th
principle o f the stea m
. e
engine is ver y s i m ple S tr ipped of all tec h n i
.

c a l i ty it m a y be desc r ibe d a s follow s : Take

,

a can with a height s o m ewhat longe r than i ts

width a n d clo s e up both e n d s M a ke a hole
, .

in the cente r of one of the ends la r ge enough

for the ins er tion of a r od about the d ia m eter
of a s m all poker F a s ten one en d of this rod
.
 1000 THING S WORTH K NOWIN G 129

to th e c enter of a disc which will t closely

into the can In s ert this disc in the can with
.

the poker passing through the hole The .

whole apparatus will be si m ilar to that of a

churn B ore tw o hole s in the sides of th e
.

can at top and botto m Allow s team to pa s s

, .

into th e can through the r st hole which will ,

fo r ce the disc to the other en d of the can and ,

d r aw the poker with it Then introduce .

,

s tea m through the other hole Thi s will d rive .

th e disc to the other end of the can and at ,

the sa m e ti m e the stea m entering the rst

hole will pa s s ou t This gives a m otion to .

the poker rod which continues so long as,

s tea m is forced in and ou t Th e r o d is of .

, ,

cou r se connected with a crank which works

,

on a shaft and fro m this shaft power is tran s

,

m i tted The steam is let into the cylinder a u

.

tom a ti c al l y A y wheel i s m aintained wher e

.

there is not m ore than on e cylinde r and eve n ,

w her e there is m ore than on e s o as to create ,

m o m entu m which carries the crank beyond

,

i ts dead center Th e m o d ern stea m engine

m akes from 100 to even revolutions a

m inute Its power is m ea s u r ed by its capacity
.

to equal that of o n e or several horses and i s ,

kno w n as horse power S team en gines a r e -

.

m ade with a c a p a ci t of only a s m all fraction

of horse power an up to several thou s and
-

, .

B u t u s ually where g reat power is required

, ,

m ore than on e cylin d er is used all of them ,

w orkin g u pon th e s am e s haft The s o c a lled .

-
1 30 1000 THINGS WORTH KNOWI N G
tu rbine stea m engi ne is s im ilar to th e ordi n ary
turbine water wheel e x cept that s team i n , ,

s tea d p f water i s forced ag ainst i t

, S ee .

Tu rb i n es
Str ik es
.

Th e strike i s an a gree m ent upon

th e part of workm en to refuse to work until
th eir de m an d s are accepted The rst strike .

i n th e Unite d S tates took p l ac e i n N ew York .

C ity in 1 803 and was conned to sailors

, , In .

1 888 there were 69 7 strikes involving over

, ,

e m ployee s In 1886 the nu m ber of

.
,

s trikes increa s ed 5 2 per cent and in 1 888 the .

,

increas e was 22 per cent In the ea r ly days .

n early half of the strike s were in Pen n s y l

v ania The great coal strike of 1 902 was prob
.

ably the m ost disastrou s and largest strike on

record It involved about
. m en with ,

a loss of wages of nearly

S b
u R os a Th e ter m
. under th e r ose
i m plies sec r ecy It had its origin B C 477
. . . ,

when Pa u s a m a s co m m ander of the e et of

,

Spartans a n d Atheni a ns w a s intriguing with ,

X erx es for the sub j ugation of Greece to Per

sia and for the hand of the king s d aughter i n

m a rriage The bu s iness was tr ansacted in the

.

B razen House the roo f of which was a
,

garden m aking a bower of roses Henc e th e .

term S ub R os a
Su gar In d u s tr y
.

Th e United States con

.

s u m es each year n early to n s of

s u gar or a bo u t 80 pounds per c apita
, .
1 32 1 000 T H I N G S WO RTH KN OWI N G
is s aid to co m e fr o m Ta r ifa a town in S outh,

er n S pain on the Me d ite r r anean S ea whe r e

, ,

d utie s were once levie d by the Moo r s on all

s hip s pa s sing in or out of the Straits of
Gibraltar .

Teleg ph r a Th e con ception of the tele

g r aph ca m e to P r ofe s s o r Mo r s e i n 1 832 while , ,

he w a s m a ki n g a voyage fr o m E u r ope to
A m e r ic a a n d h e at once began h is ex p er i
,

m ent s which re s ulted in w h at m ay be c o n s i d

,

e r ed one of the two gr e a te s t i n v en tion s or d i s

c ov er i es .A fte r w a iti n g about eight yea r s ,

C on gr e s s r eluct a ntly app r op r i a te d a s u m s u f

c i en t to bui l d a t ele g r a ph li n e between
Wa s hington and B alti m or e Th e o r iginal .

conception of telegraphy belongs wholly to

Pr ofe s s or Mo r s e but s ince i ts i n vention oth e r
,

s cienti s t s have inv en te d i m p r ovem ent s i n ,

clu d ing an appa r atus w h ich a llows the sen d

ing of two m e s s age s e a ch way o r fou r m es ,

s ages i n all ove r th e s a m e wi r e at th e s a m e

,

ti m e Th e telegr ap h ic co d e or alphab et o r ig
.
,

i n a l ly invent ed by Mo r s e r e m ai n s p r actic a lly

,

intact It co n s i s ts of dots a n d d a s h e s a n d
. ,

m ay be lea r n ed in a few h ou r s alth o ugh ex ,

pe r tne s s r equir es a year o r m o r e of p r actice .

U n s c i en ti c a l ly s pe a king the t elegr aphic a p

,

p a r a tu s i s ex tr e m ely s i m ple : it co n s i s t s p r i
m a r ily of a piece of s o ft i r on a r o un d w h ic h i s
woun d s eve r al s t r and s of i n s ul a ted wi r e D ur .

i n g th e ti m e t h a t electr icity i s pa s s in g through

this wire th e s oft iron beco m es a m agnet
, ,
 1 000 THI N GS WO RTH KN O WIN G 1 33

but returns to its non m agnetic character

when el ectr icity i s not pa s s ing a r oun d it A .

batte r y i s u s ed for th e ge n e r ating of elec

tr i ci ty Th e ope r ato r turn s el ectr icity into the
.

wi r e by pr es s i n g a key Wh en the key i s .

down the el ect r icity pa s s es a r ou n d th e piece

,

o f s oft i r o n a n d m a ke s o f it a m a gnet which ,

will d r a w i r o n or s t eel to it th e s a m e a s d o es
,

a n y o r d i n a ry per m a n ent m agnet Ju s t abov e

.

the end of th e s oft i r on i s pl a ced a piece of

m et a l a n d a s th e key i s p r e s s e d l etting in th e
,

elect r icity th e i r on ( t h en a m a gn et ) d r aws

,

t hi s m e ta l to it p r o d uci n g a s ligh t s ound or

,

click Th i s pi ece of i r on i s h el d by a s p r ing

.
,

a n d s pri n g s ba c k into place w h en elect r icity

i s let out of t h e i n s ulat ed wire s u r r ounding

the soft i r on If a m e s s age i s to be s ent a
.

long di s ta n ce a r elay i s u s ed s o a s to tu r n
,

into the wi r e additional cur r e n ts of electricity ,

becau s e elect r icity lo s e s s o m e of i ts s t r e n gth

if ca r r ied ov er a ve r y lo n g wi r e and a relay ,

ad d s n ew or fr e s h cu r r ent s fr o m s epa r a te bat

t er i es . In thi s way a m e s s age c a n be s ent
,

co n ti n uou s ly for s eve r a l thou s an d m il es which ,

woul d be i m po s s ible wit h out th e u s e of r el ay s .

Th e proce s s of s en d i n g s eve r a l m e s s ag es at
the s am e ti m e ove r the s a m e wi r e is s o m e
what co m plic a te d Th e r e s ult i s obt a i n e d by
.

u s i n g cu r r ents oi el ectr icity of di ff e r ent i n

ten s ity th e cu r re n ts not inte r fe r ing with eac h
,

other Th e oce a n cables a r e desc r ibe d un d er

.

another hea d i n g .
134 1000 THING S WORTH K N OWING .

Tel ep h on e
telephone is supposed to
The
h ave been invented by P rofessor A G B ell . .
,

in 1 875 but scienti s ts recognize the probabl e

,

invention of it largely in theor y by the em i

, ,

nen t s cientists D ol b ea r Gray E d ison and , , ,

pos s ibly others It 1 5 e x ceedingly di f cult to

.

des cribe other than s cienti fi cally the workin g

, ,

of the telephone ; and it cannot b e don e per

fec tly until electricity 1 3 fully understood We .

know the re s ult but are not able to locate al l

,

of the cau s es Th e original telephone con

.

si s ted of a bar of m agn etized steel of about

the circu m ference of an ordinary poker a few ,
'

inche s 1n length around which was wound 1 n

,

sul s te d wi r e At one end of the m agnet and

.
,

clo s e to it was placed a m etallic d i s c about

,

twice the circu m ference o f a silver dollar and

of the t h ickness of thin tin O r iginally the .

sam e in s tr u m ent w a s used both for sending

and for receiving Any sound inclu d ing the .
,

hu m an voice brought in direct c ontact with

,

the di s c cau s ed it to vibrate and for som e u n

, ,

known r ea s on the s e vib r ations we r e t r ans m it

ted th r ough the m agn et and by the wires car ,

ried to another s i m ilar instru m ent The .

sound s a n d voice we r e carried a s hort distanc e

without the u s e of a battery a n d the early ,

telephone s had ground circuits ; that is ther e ,

w as only o n e w i re between the s tations th e ,

other wire being grounde d by being attached

to gas or other pipes the electr icity m aking ,

half the circuit th r ough the earth L ater o n .

1 36 THIN GS WO RTH KNOWI N G
1
( ) C onfuciani s m .

2
( ) B rah m anis m .

( )
3 B ud d h i s m .

( )
4 Zo r oa s trianis m .

5
( ) R eligion o f E gypt .

( )
6 R eligion o f Greece and R o m e .

7
( ) T eu t onic and S c a ndinavian R eli g ion .

8
( ) Ju d ai s m .

( 9 ) C h r i s tianity .

1
( ) 0 Is l a m .

Th eatr e F r an ga ia fa m ou s thea The m ost

tr e in Pari s and perhaps in the world It
, , , .

is s ituated in the Place d u Pal a i s R oyal an d

i s the ho m e o f the Co m
,

d ie F ran cai s e In .

1900 it was de s troyed by r e but i m m e d iately ,

r ebuilt Th e ori gi nal buil d ing w a s erected in

.

1 782 but was later m uch altered

, .

Th u n d er .

The
sound of thunder is pro
d u c ed by th e sudden rush of the air into the
vacuu m cau s ed by the rap id passage of light
ning through the air .

i ck f
-
a v-
T et o Le e Th e E nglish Govern m ent .

i n 1 85 4 issued a pe r m it which allowed a con

vict his liberty before the e x piration of h is
term It w a s nece s s a r y for h im to repor t to
.

the police at s tated ti m e s and if he com m itted , ,

a n y cri m e ,

his ticket of leave was recalled -
.

The ticket of leave is s i m ilar to probation

- -

g r anted in the United S tates .

Tim e D i fferen ce When it is 12 o

cloc k
 1000 THING S WO RTH KNOWI N G 1 37

n oo n in N ew York C ity it is , in Ant

w er p ; about in B erlin ; about in
B r u s sels ; about in B uenos Ayres ; about
in C alcutta ; about in C on s ta nti
n op l e ; about in D ublin ; about in
L ive r pool ; about in London ; about
in Par is ; about in R o m e ; about in
S t Pete r s bu r g When it i s 1 2 o clock noon in
. .

N ew Yo r k C ity it i s 33 V; m inutes ea r lier in

,

H avana ; ab out 1 1 hour s and 28 m i n utes earl

i er in H o n g Kong ; about 9 hou r s and 24 m i n
utes ea r lier in Melbourne ; about 9 hours and
S
4 V; m inutes ea r lier in Yoko h am a .

Tob a cco I nd u s tr y The United S tates

.
-

g rows about pounds o f tobacco a

yea r and over a m illion acres a r e u s e d for
,

g rowing tobacco The value

. o f the tobacco
g rown each year is about
To E s tim a t e th e Wei gh t of H ay F ind the .

length b r eadth and depth of the hay in feet

, , , ,

a n d m ultiply the s e three di m en s ions togethe r ;

if the hay is on the wagon o r newly s tored ,

divide th e p r o d uct by 540 ; but if it i s well

settled in the m ow o r s tack d ivide by 512 If , .

t h e hay is baled 27 0 cubic feet will w eigh a

,

ton The num ber of cubic feet m a ci r cular

.

stack is found by m ultiplying the average c i r

c u m fer en c e in ya r d s by it s el f and t h i s p r o d uct
by fou r ti m es th e height of the s tack in ya r d s ;
then point off the two right hand gures and -

m ultiply the result by 27 .

To Fi n d L ength of Day or N i gh t A t an y
1 38 1 000 THING S WORTH KNOWING
ti m e of year add 1 2 hours to the tim e of
th e
th e s un s s etting a n d from the s u m subtrac t

,

the tim e of rising for the length of the d ay .

S ubt r act the ti m e of setting fro m 1 2 hours ,

and to the rem ain d e r a d d the ti m e o f rising

nex t m orning for the length of the night .

Thes e rules are e q ually tru e for a pparent

t im e .

To M ea s u r e C or n i n th e C r ib F ind the .

le n gth brea d th a n d depth of the corn in feet

, , , ,

and m ultiply these th r ee d i m en s ion s togethe r ;

thi s p r oduct m ultiplied by 63 will give the .

n u m ber of heape d bu s hel s in the ear S om e .

ti m es one a n d one half bu s hel s of c a r s m ak e

-

a bu s hel of s helled corn and s o m eti m e s it t e ,

q ui r e s two bu s hels t h e a m ount requi r ed

, de
pen d ing upon the size oi the cob shape of ,

the ea r etc , .

Tom T u m bh Tom Thu m b was probably

.

the m os t fam ou s d warf in the world not b e ,

cau s e oi the ab s ence of others o f the sam e

height o r les s but b ecau s e he was e x ploited
, ,

by the late P T B a r num . Tom Thu m b

. .
,

whos e r eal na m e w a s C ha r les S S tr atton was .

,

born in 1 838 and died in 1 883 In 1 842 he w a s

, .

two feet in height and weighed si x teen pound s .

In 1 863 his height inc r eased to thirty o n e -

inches and later to forty i nches

, .

To Pr od u ce D i er en t Col or s Th e col or
'

p rinted in i tal i cs m ay be m ade by m i x ing th e
other two co lors . P u r pl e, r ed with ligh t blue ,
1 40 1 000 THINGS W O RTH KNOWIN G
legal or m ora l l a w an d d o n ot u s e coercion
, .

Moral in uence however cannot be critici s ed

, , .

Th e m aintenance of a well organized labor -

union is to the advanta ge of both ca ital and

labor and s houl d be encour aged
, a tu r a l l y .
,

the binding together of laborers or workm en ,

and that of c a pital cau s e s s om e abuses for , ,

hum anity a s it r un s is not always fair ; but

, ,

o n e should not criticise either s i d e w ithout

c ritici s ing the ot h e r B oth have their a d v an
.

tages a n d d i s advantages both are fair and u n ,

fair As c i vilization pr ogresses the m i s take s

.
,

and abu s es will be cor r ected an d orga nized ,

labor and cap i tal will work in harm o ny .

Tr u s ts A
trust is a n a ssociation of c ap i
ta l i s t s organized for the purpos e of c on trol
,

ing any one tr a d e o r tra d es It is ille gal and .

m ay be puni s he d by i m pri s on m ent or ne .

It is ex ceedin gly d i f cult however, to discover ,

whether o r n ot an organiz a tion i s in actual

r e s traint of trade and to p r osecute a com bina
,

tion Undoubte d ly trusts e x ist in A m erica

.
,

a n d all ove r the wor l d for that m atter a n d a r e ,

i llegal Gre a t e ffort is being m ade to d is

.

b and the m but so far has very little real ef

,

fee t for m ost of the trusts which are d is

,

organi zed by l a w continue in so m e other form .

Tu r b in es The
turb ine has largely taken
.

the plac e of the water wheel because it is ,

m ore co m pact produces grea ter ener gy a n d

, ,

i s m ore powerful It is untec h n icall y s p eak

.
,
 1000 THING S WO RTH KNOWING 14 1

i n g, a ontaining a serie s of fanlike blades

b ox c
set at an angle s o that water or steam brough t
,

against them will m ake them turn

.

Typ e Movable m etallic type was invented

.

by Gutenberg of Germ any about 1 450 B e , , .

fore this ti m e all books and papers were either

,

hand written or printed fro m engraved wooden

-

blocks To day there are over

. faces
and sizes of type Type is d ivided into thre e .

great classes : ( 1 ) R o m an or body type which ,

is u s ed for the reading m atter in newspapers ,

m agazines and books ; ( 2 ) display type which

, ,

app ears in headings and i s used for circulars ,

and the like ; and ( 3 ) orna m ental type which ,

h a s a fancy face The di fferent s ize s of type

.

form erly bore arbitrary na m es like N on p a r eil , ,

Pica etc but now all type i s under the point

, .
,

s yste m N on p a r eil being known as 6 Point

,

a n d Pica a s 1 2 Point Th e reading m atter .

in all large d aily newspaper s i s set in 6 Point ,

b u t m ost books are p r inte d from either 1 0 1 1 , ,

o r 1 2 Point Twelve Point type has twice

.

the depth of 6 Point type Type to be s et is .

placed in two cases on e known as upper case ,

and the oth er as lower ca s e the for m er hold ,

ing capita l s and s m all capitals ; the latter

s m all letter s and gu r e s both cases contain ,

ing box es for s pace s a n d other c h aracters .

Th e co m positor holds in h i s left han d what is

known as a co m posing s tick or s tick It is , .

m ade of m etal with a botto m and three s ides

,
1

th e left side being m ovable and adj u s ta ble .

142 1000 THINGS W O RTH K NOWIN G
Th e com positor p l aces typ e a t a i e of
ti m e in the stick setting t1peectyp e from l eft
on e

to right and up s ide down He places m etal.

s paces between each word When a line i s .

com pleted he sets another with or without a

, ,

piece of thin m etal between the lines known ,

as a lead When the s tick is full he du m ps

.
,

hi s typ e into a galley which is a receptacl e

,

m ade o f wood or m etal fro m one to three feet

,

long fram ed at the botto m and at the sides

, ,

but open at the other end The type is th e n .

locked up in a steel fram e or chase and i s ,

rea dy to be stereotyped electrotyp ed or to b e

, ,

p r inted from .

U i ted States
n F
l a g O u June 1 4 1 777 th e , ,

United S tates C ongr ess d eclared that th e

a of the thirteen Unite d S tates be thirtee n
g
s tr i pes alternate red and white ; that th e
,

Union be thirteen stars white in a blue eld , ,

representing the new constellation In 1 794 .

C ongress decreed that after M ay l s t 1 79 5 , ,

The ag of the United S tates be ftee n

stripes alte r nate red and white and that th e
, ,

Union be fteen s tar s white in a blue el d
, .

At that ti m e the s ta r s and stripes were of

equal nu m be r a n d it w a s the i n tention to add
,

both a star and s tripe with the addition of each

new State S ubsequently it was found that
.
,

the addition of a stripe for each n ew S tat e

would produce a ag altogether too lar ge .

Accordingly C ongress on April 4th 1 81 8 r e

, , , ,

d u ced the nu m ber of stripes to thirte en and

1 44 1000 THING S W O R TH KNOWIN G
1 76 5
, M arch 22 , Passage o f the S tam p A ct .

1 767, March 1 5 , Andre w J ack s o n bor n .

1 770, M arch 5 , m ass acr e and r i ot i n the

s treets of B oston , M assachusetts .

1 773, D ece m ber 16, the fa m ous B osto n Tea

party organi zed
w as .

1 775 April 1 8 th e ride o f Paul R evere

, , ,

w arn ing i nhabitants of the co m ing battles o f

Le x ingto n a n d C oncord M assachusetts , .

1 775 April 1 9 the battl e of Le x in gt on a n d

, ,

C oncord Ma s s achu s etts

, .

1 775 May 20 the rst D eclaratio n of Inde

, ,

p en d en c e w a s sign ed a t M ecklenbur g Nor th ,

C arolina .

1 775 June 1 7 B attle of B unk er Hill a t

, , ,

C h arlestow n M a s sachusetts, .

1 776 M arch 1 7 th e B r itish evacuated B os

, ,

ton .

1 776,June 1 7 G eorge Washington was ap

,

p ointed C o m m ander i n C h i ef o f t h e A m erica n- -

forces .

1 776 July 4 Th e D ecl a ratio n of In d ep en

, ,

d ence was form ally sign ed a t Philadelphia .

1 776 Au gu s t 27 B attle o f L ong I s land

, , .

1 776 D ece m ber 26 B attle of Trenton

, , .

1 78 1 October 1 9 C ornwallis s urrender ed

, ,

h is ar m y at Yorktow n V irginia
, , .

1 783 January 20 the United S tates a n d

, ,

Gr eat B ritain agreed upon secess io n of h os

ti l i ti es .

1 783 , N ove m ber 2 5

, N ew .
York w as evacu
.

a te d by the B ritish .
 1000 THI N GS WO RTH K N OWI N G 1 45

1 789 ,
April 30 George Wa s hi n gton was l n
,

a u gu r a ted r s t Pre s ident of th e United S tates .

1 790 June 28 Was hington D i s trict of C ol

, , ,

u m bia was m ad e the C apital of the United

,

S tates .

1 791 Augu st 30 Issue o f the r s t United

, ,

S tates patent .

1 792 April 2 U ni ted S tates Mint e s tab

, ,

l i s h ed at P hila d elphi a P ennsylvania , .

1 793 S epte m ber 1 8 L aying of t h e corne r

, ,

s ton e of the capitol at Washington Di s tric t , ,

of C olu m bia .

1 784 May 8 C ongress e s tabli s hed the Post

, ,

O f c e D epart m ent .

1 796 S epte m ber 1 7 Pr e s ident Washington

, ,

i ssued his F arewell Addres s .

1 799 D ece m ber 1 4

, death o f Pre s iden t ,

Washington .

1 807 January 1 9 birth of Gene r al R ober t

, ,

E Lee
. .

1 807, Au gust 1 1 r s t trial trip of a stea m

,

boat by R obert F ulton i ts inventor on th e

, , ,

H udson R iver .

1 809 F ebruary 1 2 birth o f Abraha m Lin

, ,

c o1n.
1 8 1 3, S epte m ber 1 0, Per r y s victory o n Lake

E me .

1 81 5, January 8, B attle o f N ew O r le a n s .

181 6, Dece m ber 1 3, e s tabli s h m ent at B os ,

ton , M assachusetts , o f the rst S avi n gs B ank

i n th e United S tates .

1819 , May 22, t h e rst steam ves s el to c r os s

1 46 1 099 THINGS . WO RTH . KN OWIN G
th e A tl an ti c Ocean s a il ed fr om Atl an ta
'

Georgia .

1 844 , May 27 rst tel eg rap h m essage s en t

,

fes s or Morse th e inventor o f tel egr a

,

Apri l 23 begi nni n g

, of th e M ex ica n
W ar .

1 847, F eb ru ar y 22, B attl e of B uena V is ta .

1 847, S epte m ber 1 4, capture of the ci ty of

M ex ico by the United S tate s A r m y .

1 851 , Au gu s t 27, the Yacht A m erica w on

th e international cup race , at C owe s , E nglan d .

185 8, Augu s t 1 6, the Ol d Worl d and the

N ew World connected by t ele graphi c cable .

185 9 , October 1 8, captur e of John B row n ,

a t Ha r per s Fe r r y , Virginia

.

1 860, D ece m ber 20, S outh C arolina seceded

from the Union .

1 861 , April 1 2, For t Su m ter, S outh C arolina,

bom barded .

1 86 1 , April 1 5 , P re s ident L incoln issued h i s

rst cal l for volunteers .

1 86 1 , July 2 1 , B attle of B ull R u n .

1 862, M arch 9 , F ight in H a m pton Roads ,

Virginia, between the Monitor and th e

Merri m ac .

1 862, April 28, N ew Orleans evacuated .

1 862, June 6, captu r e of Me m phi s , Tennes

s ee
.

1 862, S epte m be r 1 5 G eneral S tonewall Jack

s on captured H a r per 3 F erry .

1 862, S eptem ber 1 7, B attle of Antieta m .

1 48 1 000 THINGS W O RTH K N OWIN G
1 898, April 2 1 , S everance of diplom ati c r e
l a ti on s between S pain and the Unite d S tates .

1 898, Apri l 27, Matanzas, C uba, red upo n

by A m e r ic a n warships .

1 898, May 1 , A d m iral D ew ey de s troyed the

S p a nish eet at Manila .

1898, Ma y 6, United S tates eet bo m barded

1

Santiago, C uba .

1 898, M ay 1 2, Ad m iral S a m pson red upo n

Sa n Juan , Porto R ico .

1 898, June 3, Hobson s ank the Merri m ac i n

th e h a rbo r of S antiago that he m ight block .

the channel .

1 898 June 22 r s t landing of the United

, ,

S tate s tr oops in C uba .

1 898 July 3 the S panish eet des troyed a t

, ,

S antiago .

1 898 July 1 6 S antiago surren d ered

, , .

1 89 8 August 1 3 Manila s urren d ered

, , .

1 898 Nove m ber 28 end of the S panish

, ,

A m erican War .

1 90 1
, S epte m ber 6 President M cKin l ey ,

killed by Leon Czol gol z .

1 90 1 S epte m ber 1 6 Hay Pa u n c efote C anal

, ,
-

Treaty r a tied by C ongress .

1 902 July 4 D eclaration o f P eace wi th

, ,

Philippine I s land s and am ne s ty granted to

,

a l l i n s urgent s .

1 904 May 4 the United S tates took control

, ,

of the Pana m a C anal .

U n i ver s i ty E x te n s i on A s che m e for ex

tend i n g to people at large th e advan tages of
 1000 THI N GS WO RTH K N OWI N G 149

a u niversity education by m ea n s of courses

,

of lecture s and classe s in various i m portant

cities Th e schem e originated at the Univer
.

s i ty of C a m bridge E ngland in 1 87
, 2 and was , ,

introduced into the United S tates in 1 890 .

U ni vers i ty S ettl em e n ts Ho m es establi s hed

in the p 0 0 r er parts of cities where educated ,

a n d cultured people m ay l ive and tr y to i m

prove the live s oi their neigh bors Lectures .
,

s tudies a n d various other d evices a r e re s orted

,

to The m ove m ent started in E ngland in

.

1 867 and appeared in N ew York in 1 887 as

, ,

a N eighborhood Guild University s ettle
.

m ents are n ow found in all the chief cities of

th e United S tat es .

U top ia An i m aginary i sl a nd with an ideal ,

c om m onwealth the inhabitants of which enjoy

,

perfect laws and in s titutions It is de s cribed .

i n S ir Tho m a s More s p olitical rom ance De

,

Opti m o R eip u b l ic a e S tatu d eque N ova In s ula

,

Utopia publi s hed in Latin in 1 516 and tran s
, ,

lated into E ngli s h in 1 551 His purpose was .

to describe h is idea of social a r rangem ents by

which the people s m o s t absolute happiness

and i m provem ent m ight be secured .

V a cci n a t ion .Vaccination a preventive of ,

s m allpox was discovered by D r E dward

, .

Jenner o f E ngland It con s i s ts of inj ecting

.

into the blood a viru s m ade fro m the sores or

scabs of cow s su ffe r ing from cowpox or the ,

virus m ay be taken from the sor e com ing

15
0 1000 THI NGS WORTH K N OWING
from v accination itsel f C o m p a ratively f ew .

p eople , properly vaccinated ca n hav e t h e ,

s m allpox and are la r gely ex e m pt fro m any

,

d isea s e re s e m bling it e x cept that which is,

kn own as var ioloi d which is a m ild for m of,

s m allpox It is not known h ow long vaccina

.

t ion r em ain s a preventive but probably for ,

s even years when one should be vaccin a te d

,

aga in Th e prej udice again s t vaccination

.
,

w hich was very inten s e at i ts di s cove r y n o ,

longer e x ists ex cept a m ong a few Pr a c ti .

cally every phy s ician advocates it and it is ,

com pul s ory 1 n s om e towns and citie s D eath s .

have occu r r ed fro m it but they are very i n ,

frequent .

Va cu u m The pe r fect vacuu m which i t i s
.
,

i m po s sible to pro d uce is space without a i r or

.

atm o s phere Vacuu m s are m ade by pu m ping

.

a l l the air ou t of a receptacle or cha m be r .

In a vacuu m everything falls at the s a m e

,

rapidity a s there is nothing to buoy it up

, ,

a feather de s ce ding as rapidly as lead s h ot

n
.

V ed as .
S acred
writings of the Hindus ,

h ym ns ,prayer s and liturgies said to have

, ,

been co m piled by V y a s a about 1 200 B C . .

They ar e written in S anskrit and divide d into ,

four parts .

Vood ooi s m A degraded form . rel i gio n of

prev a lent am ong the negr oes of H ayti and the
Southern S tates of A m erica S upposed to b e .

a r elic of the r eligion of equatorial Africa .

15
2 l tXJO THIN GS WORTH K NOWING
A ag wi th the upper half white a n d th e
lower half blue local rain o r snow
, .

A black triangular ag indicates tem pera

ture .

A white ag with black s quare in c en ter ,

a col d w a ve .

When the black triangula r ag is placed

above the w hite a g th e black ag or th e
,

white and blue a g it indicates warm er ,

weathe r ; when below colder , .

When the black tri a ngular ag i s not dis

pl ayed at all the te m peratur e i s likely to r e
,

m ain s tationary .

F l a gs a r e di s played by the Weather B urea u

as storm wa r nings in the following m anner :
S m all C r aft Warning : A red pennant in d i
cate s that m oderately s trong win d s a r e ex
p ec t ed .

S torm Warning : A red ag with a black

cente r indicate s th a t a s to r m of m ar ked vio
lence i s ex pecte d .

The pennants di s played with the ags ind i

r
cate the d i ection of the wind white west ,

erly ( fr o m s ou th we s t to no r th ) ; r ed easterly ,

( f r o m no r thea s t to s out h ) The penn .a nt abov e

the a g in d icates that the win d i s e x pecte d to
blow from the northerly qua d rants ; below ,

fr om the s outhe r ly qu a d r a nt s .

By nigh t a red light indicate s ea s terly winds ,

a n d a white light below a red light westerly ,

w ind s .

Hurri cane Warnin g : Tw o red ags w ith

 1 000 T H I N G S WO RTH K N OW IN G 15
3

black cente r s di s pl ayed on e a bove the other , ,

,

indic a te the ex pecte d app r o a ch of a t r opical

hu r ricane or one o f tho s e e x t r e m ely s evere
,

and d a nge r ou s s to r m s whic h o cca s i o nally

m ove ac r o s s the L ake s a n d N o r the r n Atlantic
coa s t .

N o night s m all c r aft o r hu r r ic a ne wa r nings

a r e d i s played .

We d d ing A n nivers a rie s F i r s t cotton ,

S econ d p a pe r ; Thi r d le a t h e r ; F ou r th fruit

, , ,

and owe r s ; F ifth woo d en ; S ix th s uga r ; , ,

S even t h w oo len ; E ighth In d i a r ubbe r ; N inth

, , ,

willow ; Te n th tin ; E leventh s te el ; Twelfth , , ,

s ilk a n d ne line n ; Th i r tee n t h lace ; F our ,

t een th iv o r y ; F i fteenth c r ys tal ; Twentieth

, , ,

china ; Twenty fth s ilve r ; Thirtieth pea r l ; -

, ,

F o r t i eth ruby ; F iftieth golden ; S eventy fth

, ,
-

d ia m ond .

Weights an d M ea s u res
LO N G M EA SU RE
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

S QUA RE M EA S URE
9 s qu ar e feet 1 s q u ar e y a r d
30 % s q u a r e y a r d s . I s q u a r e r od

40 s q ua r e r od s 1 r ood
15
4 1000 TH INGS WORTH KN OWIN G

TROY WEIGH T

A VO I RD UPOIS WEIGHT
16
16
2 5
4 q ua rter s
s o h un d r ed s

A POTH ECA IES R

WEIGH T
. 1 s cr u pl e

d r am s 1 o u n ce

CUB IC M EASURE
1728 cu bi c in ch es 1 cu bic foot
2 7 cu bi c feet 1 cu b ic ya r d
1 6 cubi c feet I co r d foot
I co r d
1 2 8 cu b ic feet cor d
15
6 THIN GS WORTH K N OW IN G
B OA RD A N D TI M B E R M EA SUR E
B OARD MEASURE
In boar d m eas u r e boar ds a r e as s u med to be on e inch
i n th ickn es s .

To com p u te th e m ea s u r e o f s u r fa ce i n s qu ar e feet
Wh en a ll d im en s ion s a r e in feet m u lt1p ly th e l en gth ,

by th e b r ea d th , a n d th e p r od u ct w il l gi e th e s u r v
fa c e r equ i r ed
When eith er o f th e d im en s ion s ar e in m ch es . mult1ply
.
0

v
a s a bo e a n d d i i d e by 1 2 v
When a ll d imen s ion s a r e in in ch es . m u ltiply as befor e
.

v
a n d d i i d e p r od u ct by 1 44 .

TIM B ER M EAS URE

To com pu te th e v timber
ol u m e of r ou n d
W hen a ll d im en s i on s a r e in feet, m u l tip ly th e l en gth
q
by th e s qu ar e o f on e u a r ter o f th e m ain gi r t, an d
-

v
th e p r od u ct w il l gi e th e m eas u r em en t 1n cu i c b
feet
W
.

v
h en l en gth i s g i en in feet an d gi r t in in ch es , m ul ti
p ly a s befo a d d iv i d e by
re n 1 44.
Wh e al l th e d im e s i n s a r e
n n o in i n ch es , m u l tiply as
befo r e an dd i i d e by v
S aw ed or h ew ed tim ber is m ea s u r ed by th e cu bic foot .

v
To com p u te the ol u m e o f s u a r e tim ber
Wh en a ll d im en s ion s ar e in eet m u lti p ly th e p r od u ct .

o f th e b r ea d th by th e d epth by th e l en g th , a n d
v
th e p r od u ct w i l l g i e th e vol u m e in cu b ic feet
Wh en eith er o f th e d im en s ion s a r e in in ch es , m u ltiply
.

v
as a bo e a n d d i i d e th e
p v
r od u ct by 1 2
Wh en any tw o o f th e d im en s 10 n s a r e i n in ch es , m ulti
.

l
p y as b ef o r e a n d d i vi d e th e p r odu ct by 1 44 .

WH A T TO 0 0 I N E M E R G E N C I E S
Many book s a n d pam phlet s h ave been writ
ten a d vi s ing th e l ay m an w h at to do in a case
o f e m e r gency a n d i n the ab s ence of a physi
,

c i an or s urg eo n .
 1 000 THING S W O RT H KNO WIN G 15
7

M uch the inform ation pres ented is alto

of

g ether too technical and is not likely

, to be
u nders too d by the public at large .

The author has atte m pted to cover in a few ,

page s the funda m entals of rs t aid to the

,

inj ured and has carefully avoi d ed technical

,

and m edicinal ter m s N o am ount o f i n for .

m ation no m atter h ow carefully or plainly

,

written can take the place of the phys i cia n

,

o r surgeon S elf d octorin g a n d d osing is or

.
- -

s houl d be consi d e r ed a c r i m e and no one i s

, ,

j u s tied in atte m pting to relieve any one suf

fer in g fro m acci d ent or any othe r ail m ent if ,

i t is of pos sible seriou s nes s unle s s a good ,

phy s ician or surgeon cannot be procu r ed .

F irst and always kee p your h e a d and keep

, ,

cool D o n t get e x cited Wo r k rapidly but

.

.
,

deliberately If the 1 n j u r y o r t r ouble i s at all

.

s eriou s sum m on a surgeon or physician i m

,

m e d iately If you are alone with the su ff erer

.
,

it m ay not be safe for you to leave h im but ,

unle s s he is i n i m m e d iate d a n ger it i s better ,

to call a com petent p h y s ician even though ,

you h a ve to absent you r s elf fr o m h im for a

few m o m ents If the accident occurs in a
.

c rowd s olicit
, som e one who looks trust
,w orthy and request h im t o telephone or
,

otherwi s e co m m unicate with a d octo r .

If you kno w the c a u s e of the accident or

trouble infor m the phy s ician in advance s o ,

that he m ay be better p repare d to m eet it

and bring with h im in s tr um ents a n d r e m e d ie s .

Th e patient or su ff erer should be place d in

15
8 1000 THING S W O RTH K NOWING

a com fortable position a doctor or s urgeon ,

s u m m one d a n d in t h e inte r val the lay m a n

,

m ay follow the in s tructions p r e s ented here .

If he does so no harm will be done and in

, ,

m any cases s u ff ering will be relieved and ,

de a th o r s erious illne s s p r evented B u t th e .

a uthor again and m ost e m phat ically u rge s

, ,

the laym an to s end for a phy s ician or surgeon ,

and to follo w the in s truction s or inform ation

g iven in this chapter only as p r eli m ina r y to

the arrival of the doctor o r s urgeon unless ,

the inj u r y h e o f s light consequence .

If pos s ible r e m ove the pa t ient to a q uiet

,

place whe r e there is plenty of air and where

, ,

the tem peratu r e i s nor m al .

If there are m any people about request th e m ,

to keep away .

Place the inj ured pers on in a co m fortable

pos ition usu a lly upon h is back and s tr aigh ten
, ,

o u t h i s leg s and a r m s If the head is inj ure d

.
,

better lift it above the level of the bo d y ; but

if it i s not allo w th e bo d y to lie on a level
, .

I f the pa t ient i s b r eathing ha r d it m ay be ,

well to lift h i m into a s itt ing po s ition Loosen .

his co ll ar wais t band and clot h ing If he

,
-

, .

faints h is head s houl d be sligh tly lo w er than

,

h i s feet . If an a r m or leg i s injured lift it ,

slightly and place it upon a cushion pillow , ,

or other s uppo r t .

If th e one i n j ured is uncon s cious watch ,

h i m ve r y ca r efully If he i s vo m iting or that

.
,

t e n de n cy is apparent turn h, i m over on o n e

160 1000 THING S WO R TH KN OWIN G
long enough to plac e h im i n a co m fortable
po s ition and to s top the ow of bloo d if
, ,

blee d ing ; then m ake all haste to notify a

p hy s ician or s urgeon .

Th e auth or acknowledges his indebtedne s s

to Joh n s on s F irs t A i d Manual publi s h e d by

,

John s on Joh n s on of N ew B r un s wick N J , . .

,

and to Jay W S eave r M D of N ew H aven

.
, . .
, ,

C onn and rece n tly of Yale Univer s ity

.
,
.

Accid e n t s C onvey the s u ffe r er to a place
of s afety and give h im plenty of air If a
, .

s h ock follow s follow in s tr uction s given for

,

s hock . D o not touch the wou n d with th e ba r e

h an d . Wear ab s olutely cle a n glove s o r w r ap
t h e nge r s in clean cloth o r ga uze D o not .

attem pt to cl ean s e the wound S u m m on a .

su r geon i m m e d iately .

A pp re t
a n D eat h N ever assu m e that a
pe r s on i s d ead becau s e he appears to be .

S um m on a p h y s ici a n A fai r ly good te s t of

.

death is to hol d th e h a n d o f th e person a p

p a r en t l y dea d befo r e a c a n d le or ot h e r light ,

with th e nge r s s tretc h e d out each touching ,

the other Gaze intently between the nge r s

.
,

and if the pe r s on i s alive a r ed or pink color ,

will un d oubte d ly be s een wher e the ngers

touch each other An oth er m ethod i s to take
.

a cold piece of poli s hed s teel like a razor ,

bla d e or table k n ife and hol d before the ,

m outh or no s e of the pe r son apparently dead .

If m oi s ture doe s not gather on it it m ay b e ,

 1000 T H INGS WO R TH K NOWI NG 16 1

safe to assu m e that breath i ng has stopp ed ;

but these tests a r e not in fa l h b l e .

B a n d gi n g
a There are two kinds of band
.

a ge s
,
-
th e roller bandage o r the triangular or
handkerchief bandage Th ey m ay be p u r .

ch a s ed at any drug store or be m ade on the

s pot in an e m ergency Th e pu r chased ban d
.

age s a r e m ade of gauze or m u s l i n c r i n ol in

, , ,

ela s tic webbing rubbe r or o ther m aterial

, , .

The roller bandages a r e ab s or bent and are ,

very t h in and pliable Th ey s h oul d be place d

.

n ex t to the wound and hol d th e u i d s Mus r

.

lin bandages are stro n ger th an th o s e m ade of

g auze , and should be u s ed for p r es s ure a n d
outs ide bandages B a n d a ges s h ould be kept
.

in a perfectly c l ea n place a n d always covered , ,

either by being enclo s e d in a b ox or wrappe d

in paper If an i m provi s ed bandage i s used
.
,

care s hould be taken to u s e a clean cloth .

Th e triangu lar band a g e i s m a d e by cutting a

piece of cloth about 36 inc h es s quare into two
pieces diagonally It can be pu r chased at a
.

d rug store or any clea n cloth can be used if

,

i t is of r m te x ture .

B a th s .
Cold baths m ay be taken to reduce
fever and in sun s t r oke a n d oth er c a s es when
the tem perature i s high It i s well to h a ve .
-

th e te m perature in th e bath at 7

0 or 80

F ahrenheit and to re d uce the wate r until it

,

reaches 60 or
Tepi d bath s have a tem
p er a tu r e of 80 o r

a n d war m baths are
o f a tem perature fro m 90 to a little less th an

162 1000 THINGS WORT H K NOWIN G
Hot baths m ay b e used i n case o f
s hock apparent drowning depres s ion and
, , ,

si m ilar troubles Th e te m peratu r e of the

.

water should va r y from 98 to Whe n

the patient leave s the bath he should be d r ie d ,

q uickly and put to bed H o t baths m a y p r

. o
duce faintin g a n d should be taken in the

,

p r esenc e of an attendant D o n o t guess at .

the tem perature of the water ; use a ther

m om eter .

B l eed i ng Arteri al b l ood , or blood co m ing
.

from the arterie s , is bright red , and i s d i s

c harged i n spurts or j ets S uch bleedi n g is .

v ery dangerou s and unless a physician ar

,

rives al m ost i m m ediately the patient i s n ot

l ikely to surv ive .

Venous blood wh ic h c om es from th e veins

, ,

i s of dark p urple color a n d ows freely and

s teadily .

Capill ary bleedin g c om es fro m inj ured

s m all veins It ows s lowly
. y and such bleed ,

ing is danger ou s only if it continues Always .

s u m m on a su r geon o r physician and put in a ,

h urry call fo r h i m F or ce the patient to lie

.

down in a level position preferably upon his ,

back .

If th e l eg or ar m i s wounded elevate i t , .

Cu t a way the clothing quickly so that it m ay ,

b e ex posed P ress the bleeding place s but

.
,

c ov er your nger with gauze or a clean hand

k erchief or co m ress the part by using a
,

s tr on g c loth ban age .

164 1000 THINGS W O RTH KNOWING
wa t er is a dvi s able but wa r m water sh ould ,

not be used E x trem ely co ld water or c r acked

.

ice will s top so m e blee d ing If copiou s bleed .

ing occurs around a too th it m ay be s topped ,

by packing the place with pla s ter of Pari s ,

or ab s o r bent cotton m ay be u s ed In eve r y .

case keep t h e place s warm Afte r the bleed

, .

ing is stoppe d give h ot d rink s like hot tea

, , ,

co ff ee or m ilk if m uch blood h a s been lo s t

, , .

B rok e n B o ne s D o not atte m pt to set the

.

b r eak H an d le th e pa t ient ca r efully Place

. .

h i m in a co m fo r table po s ition a n d un d r es s
h im re m oving th e clothing by cu tting it to
,

s ave ti m e If it i s nece s s a r y to ca r r y h i m a
.

d istance i m provi s e a s plint m a d e of woo d o r

,

heavy pastebo a r d a n d fa s ten it a r ound th e

broken pa r t with ban d age s C a r r y h i m to a .

physician or s u m m on o n e at once but let h im ,

lie quietly if a phy s ician can reach h im It i s .

well to have two s p l int s one o n each s ide to , ,

be hel d in place by the s a m e ban d a ge s If .

th e a r m i s broken b a n d age it a n d place it in

,

a sling In every case s u m m on a p h y s icia n

.
,

or car r y the patient to one

C h lblains
i Keep the feet warm and d r y
. .

D on t wa r m them at a r e or pl a ce t h e m in

hot water but bathe the m in col d wate r a n d

,

r u b with a d r y towel Apply tu r penti n e c a m .

,

p h o r a t ed spirit s o r oil o f win t ergreen

,
.

C le a nl i n e s s
It i s s aid th at cleanliness is n x e t to godli
 1000 THI N G S WO RTH KNOWING 165

ness . Good health is depen d ent upon the car e

of th e bo d y and the body will not re m ain in
,

a health ful s tate unle s s frequently bathed .

Th e f a ct that thou s and s o f per s on s enj oy

good health without even taking an in fr e
quent bath m u s t not be u s ed a s an argu m ent
,

against r egular bathing Th e s e pe r son s if in .

,

health live out of door s and N ature see m s

, ,

t o take c a r e of the m ; but it i s obvious that

they would be healthier and s t r onge r if th ey
gave p r op er attention to bo d ily clea n lines s .

Th e m aj ori ty of city d welle r s a n d a large ,

p r oportio n of tho s e living in the country ,

work i n doo r s and th ei r health is dependent

,

upon thei r per s onal cleanline s s .

Opinion s di ffer a n d s o m e hygieni s ts do not

,

con s i d er th e d aily b a th e s s enti a l but the m a ,

j o r i ty of tho s e w h o h ave s tu d ied the s ubject

m aintain t h at pe r fect h e a l th requires the daily
bathing of the enti r e bo d y .

Without the daily bath one does not begin

his wo r k refr eshed or with e x h ilaration .

A s c r ub is n ot to be r eco m m en d ed m or e
than once a week but a bath s houl d be taken,

daily and th e entire body r ubbe d with a d r y

,

towel a bath towel to be p r efe r r ed E m e r

, .

sion in a tub of water i s not nece s s a r y a l ,

though i t is the be s t and ea s ie s t way of taking

a bath ne x t to a s hower bath A sponge bath
,
.

answers all purpo s es .

A cold plunge should not be taken wit h out

th e advic e of a p hy s ician _
Th e s h ower b a th .
1 66 1000 THING S W O RTH KN OWIN G
is very r efresh i n g A h ot b ath is s el dom
'

a dvi s able It is b etter to hav e the w ater of

.

a te m perature n ot m uch higher than that o f

s u m m er heat A pu r e soap s hould be use d
.
,

a n d care shoul d be taken to rin s e it fro m the

b ody The daily bath is the best preven tive
.

o f colds C o m paratively few peopl e w h o
.

b a t l e daily su ff er from m ore than tran s ien t .

c ol 3 .

Th e bath shoul d be taken in a drau ghtn ot .

If the room i s c old work rapi d ly and u s e ,

a dditional ti m e for rubbing c ontinuin g i t u n til ,

t h e ski n glows .

Th e practice of partial bathin g i s not to b e

r eco m m ended When y ou take a bath tak e
.
,

i t all over .

If away from h om e and sleeping in a h otel ,

bed which m ay have been occupied by a dis

,

ea s ed person 1t is w ell to go over the body

,

carefully in th e m or ning with an antiseptic

s oa p .E very hotel and all public convey ,

a n c es are laden with ge rm s a n d a bath w i ll

, ,

prevent m any di s eases .

A few d r ops of a m m onia or a teaspoo nful

of bo r a x placed in the water in which ou
y
bathe will r em ove th e odor of p er s p i r at1 0 n ,

but am m onia should n ot ta k e th e pl ac e of

good s oap .

C l oth i n g A r e F orce the pers on a r e to

.

lie down and roll h i m o ver and over Wra p .

h im i n a r u g or blanket or anything els e a t ,

hand Throw water upon hi m but d o n ot

.
,
1 68 1000 THI N GS W O RTH KNOWI N G

C arbolic acid i s an ex cellent di sinfectant ,

but is e f caciou s only when u s ed a t consi d er

able s tr ength 3 to 5 per cent Its strong
, .

o d or s ugge s ts q ualities w h ich d o n ot ex i s t ,

if it is m uch d iluted .

Th e r e are m any disinfectants u pon the

m a r ket m any of the m being a d verti s e d to be
,

e fcaciou s S o m e of th e m are thorough ly t e

.

l iable but othe r s a r e al m ost worthless

, I .

woul d a d vi s e the r eader not to pu r cha s e or

u s e a di s infect a nt which is not reco m m ende d
by a reliable phy s ician .

D i s i n fec ting C ell ar s Yar d s C e s s pool s etc

, , , .

-
Use a solution m a d e o f 60 poun d s of cop
pe r as di s s olve d in a ba r rel o f water S prinkle .

fr eely over cellar a n d put a pailful in a ce s s

p o o L
D isi fe ti g
n c S i ck R oom Plenty of
n th e -
.

fre s h a ir and cle a nline s s are t o be r s t con

s i d er ed Th e cloth in g bed linen and towel s
.
, ,

s houl d be w a s hed i n a tub co n taining a zinc

c hlo r i d e s olutio n an d th e water s hould be
,

boili n g hot A solution o f coppe r as and water

.

s h oul d be i m m e d iately placed i n all vessel s

containing d i s char ges .

D i s l o cati on s Th e novice should n ever a t

.

t em pt to t r e a t a d i s location All he ca n do .

i s to place th e p a tie n t i n a co m fortable po s i

tion u s ing a s li n g o r cu s h ion to s upport t h e
,

pa r t inju r ed A phy s ician should b e s u m

.

m ou ed .
 THINGS WORTH KNOWING 1 69

Dog B ites .
Wash
the wound wi th a n tis ep
tic soap or pure soap and water with borax ,

dissolved in it to the strength of a tea s poon

ful to a pint H y d rop h obia occurs very i n fr e
.

q uently and m any dogs supposed to be m a d

, , ,

a r e s u ff ering fr o m so m e other ail m ent ; but a

s urgeon s hould be su m m oned in all c ases

w henever it is po s s ible to do s o The bite of

, .

a rat ,cat or other ani m al is not generally

,

dangerous but the wound should be washed

,

with borax and water as above B etter s u m , .

m on a s urgeon S uck th e wound vigorously

.

before applying was hes There is no danger .

to the person s ucking a wound of thi s nature ,

u nle s s the skin on his lips o r in h i s m outh is

c racked or blee d ing but he m a wash h is ,

m outh w ith bora x water if he eels u neasy

about i t .

D r ow n i n g
If the person is conscious tell h im that you
'

will s ave h im which will prevent h im fro m

,

losing his nerve If you swi m ou t for

.

hi m and he is struggling seize h i m by

, ,

the hair and turn h i m over on his back .

S wi m on your s ide towing h i m along as ,

would a log of wood You m ay hold

y
.

iou
is head with o n e a r m but do n ot a ttem p t ,

to suppor t his entire bo d y If he stru g .

les violently hold his head under water until

e is u nconscious so that you can better
,

,

handle h im Loosen his clothing d r ain water

.
,
1 70 1 11 10 THIN GS W O RTH K N OW ING
ou t o f lungs by inverting body clean out his ,

m outh and pull h is ton gue forwa r d

, Im m e .

d iat ely b egin a r ticial re s pi r ation each m ove ,

m ent to last fro m four to ve s econ d s Apply .

wa r m th and rubbing and when he is c on ,

sci o us give h im hot wate r co ff ee or lem on , ,

ade . Articial b r eathing is of gr eates t c on

s equence .D o not give up Many persons .

have been re s u s citated after m any hours of

inces s ant labor A r ticial re s piration m ay be
.

pe r fo r m ed in the following way :

F ir s t I m m ediately loo s en the clothing
about the neck and che s t e x posing them to ,

the wind e x cept in very severe weather Get

, .

the w ater out of the body r s t by tick ling ,

throat with a feather or applying a m m onia ,

to th e nos e ; give a s evere s l a p with the open

hand upon the che s t and sole s o f feet ; if no
i m m ediate re s ult p r oceed as follows :
,

S econd L ay the body down in the open
air with the head han gi ng down a n d with i ts
weight on the sto m a ch acro s s any convenient
o bj ect ,s uch as a keg b ox boat ti m ber or
, , ,

your kn ee s Open the m outh quickly d r aw

.
,

ing the ton gu e for wa r d with h andker chief or

cloth to let the water e s cape Keep th e m outh .

clear o f liquid To relieve th e pre s su r e on

.

the stom ach r oll the body gently fro m s ide to

,

side and then back on the s to m ach D o this .

several ti m es to force the water from the

s to m ach and t h r oat

.

Third La y the body on the back m ake a ,

1 72 11110 THING S W O RTH KN OWIN G
i n g, on ethat is bein g r a p i dl y a dop ted i s th at ,

known a s the S chafer or p r o ne m eth od It

, , .

h a s th e gr ea t a dvantag e th at it c a n be p er
form ed by on e m a n a lone This m eth od h as .

j us t bee n endorsed as th e p referable on e b

a com m iss io n repres enti n g th e A m erican M e
ical A s s ociati on the N a tion al E lec tr i c Li gh t
,

A s s ociation a n d the A m eric a n Inst i tu te of

,

E lectrical E n gi n eers .

i s
F r t Lay patient o n stom ac h w ith his
head to s i d e and with dra w hi s to n gu e whic h ,

its elf then will hang ou t if teeth a r e h eld

a pa r t with s m all obj ect The operato r then
.

kneel s as tr i d e the patient s thighs a n d with

his hand s across the lower ribs swings his

b od y back and forth rhyth m ically p au s i n g ,

about two seconds as his weight fall s upon

and is re m oved fr o m pati ent Th is m ove m en t .

i s to be continued at th e rate of a b ou t fteen

ti m es a m inute .

To Pr ev en t Dr ow n in g Th e h u m an b ody .

w eigh s in the water about on e pound ; that

, ,

i s it i s app r o x i m ately on e pound heavier than

,

the wate r w h ich it di s place s A s tool chair .

, ,

o r s m all b ox or board will overco m e th e tend

ency to s ink and will keep the head above
w ater The feet and the hand which is n ot
.
,

c lingi n g to an obj ect should be used as pad

,

d l es . E very o n e should learn to swi m If he .

ca n take only a few s trokes the chanc es of ,

d eath by drowning are s m all for h e is l ikely ,

to b e a bl e to rea c h so m eth in g w h ich w il l

 1000 THING S WO RTH KN OWIN G 1 73

r t h im So m uch d o I believe in th e
s u pp o .

n ec essity of k nowing h ow to swi m that I ,

con sid er it a c ri m e n ot to understand this art .

El ectr i cal Accid en ts .

I m m ediately
sh ut off
th e c urrent but do not han d le the wi r e with
,

ou r naked han d s I f r ubber glove s a r e not

.

andy cut the wire with an ax or knife with

, ,

a piece of woolen clot h w r appe d around the

han d le If you pull the s u ffe r e r away fro m
.

the wire d o not touch h im with your b a r e

,

hands but cover the m with wool en cloth or

, ,

wea r rubber or woolen gloves o r rem ove h im ,

by th e u s e of a rope Th e o r dina r y elect r ic

.

shock will not cau s e death unle s s the patient

continues to receive it Su m m on a doctor at .

o nce . Plac e the patient in the open air with ,

so m ething under his shoulders Loo s en h i s .

c lothing 0 pen his m outh

, and pull out the
,

ton gue C l ear the m outh fr om saliva Fo r ce

. .

a i r i nto his lungs by pre s sing the bas e of th e

ribs about once in four seconds then a tte m pt ,

to resuscitate h i m as you would a drowning

person .

E m e r ge n ci e s w i th Ch i l d r en If the child -

suddenly su ff e r s fro m vom iting pu r ging and , ,

p r ostration send for a docto r at o n ce In the

, .

m eanti m e place h i m in a hot bath a n d then

ca r efully d r y h im with a war m towel and
w r ap in wa r m blankets If the ha n d s a n d feet .

a r e cold apply h o t water bottle s to th e feet

,

and hands A poultice m ade of a x s eed m eal

.
174 IMO THING S WORTH KNOWI N G

( )
34 an d ( M) m u sta r d
hould be placed sov er
the body F iv e drops of brandy in a tea
.

s p oo nful of water m a y be given e v ery 11 5

'

m inute s F or s udden d i a r r h cea ad m ini s ter on e

.
,

teas poonful of cas tor o il or o f s piced s yru p of

rhubarb Allo w the child to d r ink freely of
.

c old water that has bee n boil ed Al w ays .

s u mm on a phy s ician .

The writer would e m phatically discourage

s elf m edication and dosing and would oppos e
-

the ta king of m edicines o f any kind e x cept ,

the s i m ple s t r e m edies withou t the advice of

,

a phy s ician H undreds of thou s and s of p eo

.

ple h ave been m a d e s ick because the w r ong ,

m e d icine was ad m inistere d to the m and ,

m any m o r e hav e taken m edicin e whe n they

d idn t need it

.

The following e m ergency m edicines a r e

p r esented with a di s tinct understanding that
,

they s hould n ot b e used ex cept in si m ple

cas es
Amm o an i What is known as a m m on ia
wate r or liquor of a m m onia or a s s pirits of
, ,

har tshor n or hartshorn i s of sever al str en gths

, ,

and i s highly i r r itati n g a n d poi s onou s if taken

internally A pplied e x ter n ally if of con s ider
.
,

able str ength i t will c a use bli s ters and pain

,
.

A m m onia should not be applied to an O pen

wound or irritated surface ex cept in ca s e of ,

s n ake bites o r stings of in s ect s wh ere i t is ,

1 76 1000 THING S WO R TH KNOWIN G

p h or .
C am phor
purchased i n gu m is
or in liquid for m It never shoul d be taken
.

internally ex cept by a d vice of a phys ician

, .

N or should it be applied in i ts full st r ength

directly to the wounds or to i rritated or i n
am ed s urfaces .

G in ger .Th e es s ence or e x tract of ginger

-

i s a ve r y p opular re m edy fo r tr ouble with

the dige s tive organs bowel com plaints etc , , .
,

and should be taken in dos e s of fr om 10 to

40 d rops in s weetened water m ilk o r other , ,

l iquid . It never s hould be used habitually ,

becau s e it m ay e s tabli s h a drug habit ; nor

s hould large dose s be taken to check diarrh oea ,

a s it i s often inadvi s able to too rapidly check

the dischar ges .

G l y cer i n Glycerin m ay be used for burn s

.
-
,

a n d m i x ed with equal pa r ts of ro s e water it

, ,

is a good lotion for chapped hands or lip s ,

b u t it is irr itating to the s kin of som e people

Pepp er m i n t
.

The e s s ence of pepper m int

m ay be u s ed fo r s to m ach ache and bowel c om -

p laints the
, u s u a l do s e being f r o m 1 0 to 20
d rop s on sugar or in s weetened water Oil .

of pepper m int s hould not be taken ex cept ,

w hen pre s c r ibed by a phy s ician .

Tu r p en t n e Turpentine is the base of
i
m ost lini m ents and it has so m e value but , ,

m u s tard plaster s are safer Turpentine i s i n .

a m m able and never s h ould be applied near

,

a n open re Turpentine s hould n o t be gi ven

.
 1000 THINGS WORTH KNOWING 1 77

i n ternally, nless prescribed by a physician

u .

Wh s k y Whis ky brandy wine and all
i .
, , ,

other s pir i ts s hould be used sparingly They .

a r e likely to d o m o r e ha r m than good H ot .

water hot coffee hot tea or a r o m atic s pi r its

, , ,

of a m m onia are to be prefe r r ed C hil d r en .

s hould neve r be given s pi r ituou s liqui d s ex ,

cept in ex tr e m e cases and then only 10 to 20 ,

drops in water

.

Witch H az el or H a m am el i s U s ed as a .

re m e d y for sp r ain s woun d s a n d s welling It , , .

is a m ild a pplication for chappe d h a n d s and ,

u s ed by the laity for burn s scal d s cut s etc , , , .

It is not irritating a n d i s a good s ub s titute ,

for arnica
'
Its use e x ternally is ab s olutely
.

s a fe .

V a s el i n e .
It
is to 13e reco m m ended for
"

burn s s cald s etc It is noni r ritating and i s

, , .

not poisonous It can be used frequently . .

C ol d C r eamperfectly safe article to b eA

used for chapped han d s and lips and skin ,

roughness .

E m eti cs an d S ti m u l a n t s
p r actically all .
I n

ca s es and where poi s on h a s ent er e d the stom

,

a ch it i s well to e m pty the s tom ach i m m ed i

,

ately If a s tom ach pu m p ca n n o t be p r ocured

.
,

an e m etic s houl d be a d m i n i s te r e d D octo r s .

would a d m ini s te r ipecac apo m o r p h ine s u l , ,

phate of zinc ta r tar e m etic a n d othe r d r ugs

, , ,

but none of the m are likely to be available

178 1000 THING S W O RT H K NOWING
b e fore th e physician a rr i ve s Wh en notifying
.

th e p hysician tell h i m , i f possible , the kind of

poison tak en , s o he m ay be prepared A d es .

s ert S p oonful of ground dry m ustard in a gla s s

-

o f war m wat er i s likely to produce vo m iting .

F ollow the r s t d o s e with a second on e .

Th en push the forenger down the throat as

far as possible that the patient m ay vom it
, .

D issolve a tea s poonful of salt in water and

give to the patient or ad m inister a tea s poon
,

ful of ipecac every few m inutes to a child and ,

a tablespoonful to a n adult F ollow the dos e.

w ith a glass of wate r and then insert the fore

nger in the throat One w h o has taken
.

opiu m does n ot vom it eas ily and s trenuous

e ff orts should be m ade to produce vo m iting .

If on e e m etic d oe s not work gi ve anoth er , ,

and k eep on repeating it .

E x e r ci s e

Physi cal ex ercises are absolutel y essential

to health The wor king m an h owever is
.
, ,

likely to obtain enough of it from his daily

action but tho s e of s edentary habits espe
, ,

c i a l l y those who wo r k indoors w i ll n o t receive

,

s u f cient e x erci s e fr o m their labor .

While the gy m na s iu m is to be r ecom

m ended a n d wh ile it has done m uch to m ake
,

weak people strong I would n ot advise any

,

o n e to take m ore than very si m ple g m na

y
s iu m ex erc ises without the advice of a physi
1 80 THINGS W O RTH KN OWI N G

Ordinary fainting is d istinct fro m that

wh ic h occurs from s h ock or collapse the ,

latter following s erious inj uries while faint ,

ing is co m m on with s o m e people and m ay ,

n o t be seriou s .

Those w h o are s ubj ect to frequent fainting

spells should consult a p hysician that h e m ay
l ocate the cause .

If fainting is cau s ed fr o m any disease of th e

heart or fro m a weak heart death m a y fol
, ,

l ow and suc h persons s hould be u nder th e

,

care of a physician .

When fainting occur s place the patien t o n,

his back with his hea d as low or lower th a n

'

th e body R ai s e the legs

. He should have
.

plen ty of fre s h a ir If fainting occurs in a

.

crowd ask the s pect a tors to m ove away If

, .

i n doors open all doors and windows loosen

-

, ,

the clothing a n d s prinkle water upon the fa ce

, ,

a t th e sa m e ti m e a pplying s m elling salts or

s p ir i ts of ca m phor held close to the no s e but ,

n o t touching it Th e body m ay be rubbed

.

to assist the circulation If the person does

.

n ot quickly revive apply gentl e heat or a

,

m ustard pla s ter to the pit of th e sto m ach .

When he recove r s give h im hot tea or co ffee ,

an d never m o r e than a m oderate a m ount of

alcoholic sti m ulan ts Keep h im in a reclining
.

p ositio n for s o m e ti m e after h e has r ecover ed .

Feed in g an I n val i d Ii the illness is at all

 1000 TH I N G S WO R TH K N OWI N G 1 81

serious con s ult a physician He will tell you

, .

what a n d what not to give the pa t ient in the

way of foo d N ever cook th e food in the
.

p r e s ence of the invali d a n d keep the s m ell o f ,

cooking away f r o m h im D on t eat in h is .

pre s enc e a s it m ay annoy h i m S e r ve ever y

, .

thing att r actively with spotles s napkin table , ,

cloth and wa r e B e ca r eful not to s pill any

, .

thing H ot a r ticles should be served very hot

.
,

and cold ones very cold as lukewarm vian d s ,

are not acceptable E ve r ything b r ought into .

the sick r oo m s hould be cove r ed with d i s he s

-

or napkins B etter b r ing in too little than too

.

m u c h m ore to be served if the patient d e s ires

,

it .

F e i r i n th e H o u s e When the house is a r e

cover the head if po s s ible with a wet cloth
, , ,

or d r y one if ther e i s no facility for wetting

it cutting hole s for th e eye s
, C reep on the .

oor a n d d on t s tand up or w alk for th e air

is clea r er nex t to the oor as s m oke ri s e s , .

Unles s the r e a r e ple n ty of ex its a knotte d ,

rope shoul d be attached to a s taple It i s .

easier to cli m b d own a knotted r ope than one

which i s s m oo th If nece s s a r y to j u m p fr o m
.

an upper s tory throw ou t a m attr es s or s o m e

,

thing el s e which is soft a n d atte m pt to lan d ,

upon it When at a hotel or boa r d ing hou s e

.
,

a s ce r tain the m eans o f ex it b efo r e r eti r ing .

F i ts Gene r ally s peaking the treat m ent ,

should be s i m ilar to that given to on e who

1 82 THING S WORTH KNOWI N G
h a s fainted If the . patient is hysterical apply ,

m usta r d plasters or ice to the soles of his feet

and the wri s ts but do not dash w a ter in the
,

face or u s e strong e m etics or heroic m ea s ure s .

If the t i s caused by epilep s y ( in this ca s e

the pers on i s rigid ) do n ot attem pt to stop
,

th e patient fro m s truggling L ay h i m on h i s .

back with h i s head s o m ewhat rai s ed and ,

l oo s en h is clothing If n ecessary hold his

.
,

a r m s and legs gently but do n o t u s e force

, .

Place a stick or knife handl e between the

teeth to prevent biting th e tongu e Always .

su m m on a p h y is c ia n .

F r os t B ite N ever place th e pati ent n ear

.

a re Un d r ess h im ca r efully and pack frozen

.

p a r t s with cloth s wet with ice water R u b .

a dj acent pa r ts vigorou s ly Adm ini s ter hot .

co ffee or tea If breathing appear s to have

.

stopped treat h im a s you would on e appar

,

ently drowned When the patient begins to

.

revive place h im in a war m but not a hot

, , ,

roo m cover h i m with blankets and rub hi m

, ,

with a cloth wru n g ou t of hot water ; give

h i m the o r d inary sti m ulants b u t n ot alcoholic ,

ones .

Fu m i ga ti ng a S i ck R oom F or m alin
-
is
probably the be s t fum igator Place the a r ti .

cle s to be fu m igated in a clo s ed roo m and ,

pour for m aldehy d e over towels or bed linen

and place on the oor The room should r e .

m ain closed for 24 hours A roo m containin g .

 1 84 1 000 THINGS W O RTH KN OWI N G
on th e b a ck If th e body is n ot discharged
.
,

c a ll a physicia n .

E ar -
. Th cr e is great danger in ta m pering
w it h the ear
. N ever in s ert needles or pins in
.

an atte m pt to re m ove fo r eign substances .

B etter send for a physician If live in s ects

.

en ter the ear pour a s m all quantity of s weet

,

oi l or glycerin into the ear and very g ently

s y r inge it with war m water .

Th r oa t S end for a physician i m m ediately ,

a n d tell h i m what you think the m atter is ,

s o he m a y b r ing the neces s ary instru m ents .

If there is no di fculty 1 n breathing wait for ,

the physician S lap the person on the back

.

w hen the b od is bent forward with fac e

'

d ownwards w g , ich will cau s e h im to cough .

E levate h im s o that his head is lower than

his body and slap h im on the back while in
this position .

G et ti n g W et M any c olds a r e c ont r acte d

o n account of e x po s ure to rain and m oisture .

Un le s s abl e to change your clothes keep ,

m oving . It is s aid that very few colds a r e

contr acted while one i s e x erci s ing .

H ea d a c h e s Under no circum stances tak e

a headache powder or any drug what s oever , ,

w ithout the adv i ce of your physician Many .

headache powders con tain dange r ou s d r ugs ,

w hich work upon the h ea r t s o m eti m es caus ,

i n g d eath .H ead a che s al m o s t inva r iably co m e

fr o m a cau s e not located in th e heady i tself .

D o not a tte m pt to cure it yours elf Th e h ea d .

 1 000 T H ING S WO R TH K N OWING 185

ache powder m ay relieve the headache tem

p or a r i l y at the e x pen s e of the s yste m .

H i cc ou gh s
. D rink a gla s s full of cold
w a ter a s rapidly a s pos s ible B reathe deeply . .

If the hiccoughs continue call a physician , .

H ow to Avoid Accid ents

Never cross the street without lookin g both
ways .

D o n ot get off of a car or oth er vehicle

whil e it is in m otion .

N ever thrust your head or arm s ou t of the

car or other vehicle .

When it is lightning avoid trees and m etal,

lic articles .

N ever allow rearm s to be lying about .

Hav e som e one place for them and be sure

that no on e can get at the m .

Move q uickly when it i s cold ; and when

a n y part is frozen do n ot go near the r e
, ,

but rub with snow .

Always change wet clothing as soon as p os

sible and keep m oving until y ou have opp or
,

tu n i ty to change .

N ever walk on a railroad track .

D o not light a r e with kerosene or other

i na m m able uid .

Never enter a cellar or anywhere else where

g a s i s e s caping with a light i n your hand .

Under no circu m s tance s touch a wire hang

i n g in the street .

Maintain a m edicine che s t containing al l of

1 86 1000 THING S W O RTH K NOWIN G
the co m m on re m ed ies but don t s elect the m
,

wi th out th e advice of you r phy s ician Mar k .

each bottle plainly with d irec tion s under the

,

label .

N ever take m edicine without looking at the

label beforehand .

I ll u m in a ting G a s Su m m on a phys ician ,

and befo r e he a r r ive s p r oceed a s follow s .

R e m ove the pa tient into fr e s h air a n d w a lk

h i m a r ound Pl a ce h i s a r m s about your
.

shoulder s and i f there a r e tw o re s cue r s plac e

,

one a r m a r ound th e s h oul d e r s of each A .

g la s s of Wei s s bee r s houl d be gi v en while the

patie n t i s walking a s it r em ove s g a s fr o m the
,

s to m ach .In ve m i n u te s give half a tea

spoonful oi a r om a tic s pi r its of am m o n ia in a
thi r d of a gla s s of wate r R epeat th i s d o s e .

every 1 5 m inute s until four do s e s have been

given Th e neck of th e b ee r bottle m ay be
.

fo r ced into the patient s m outh

.

I nfectiou s D i s e a s e s It i s n ow generally
.

suppo s ed that all contagiou s and c om m u n i c a

ble di s e a s e s a r e contracted by the g erm s which
pa s s in to th e body o r s ys te m The s e ge r m s .

a r e s o s m all that m illion s of the m m a y enter

the body through the n o s e throat a n d s kin , , .

Th ey d o little or no harm to a healthy pe r s on ,

for the he a lthy body i s oppo s ed to their

g r ow t h,but if one i s weak o r s u ff e r in,g f r o m
a s l igh t cold o r i s dep r e s s ed they m ay m u l
, ,

tip ly and cause di s eases These ge r m s m a y

.
188 1 000 THINGS WORTH K N OWIN G
an tisep ti c s b efor e b ein g b r ough t ba c k i n to th e
room .

L ock j a w .
D o
ttem pt to c ure i t C on n ot a .

sult your phys ician It wi ll probably be fatal

M u s ta r d Pl a s m
. .

Plasters occasionally a r e
ei ca ciou s but m os t give m ore apparent tha n
,

real relief They should n ot be used in di s

.

c i m i n a tely or wit h out th e a dvic e of a p h y si

r
c 1a n

This i
.

N eu r al gia oft en i nc u rabl e b u t m ay s ,

be relieved C e r tain linim ents are e f caciou s

.
,

but are n ot to be recom m en d ed i n d i s cr i m i

n a tely B etter c on s u lt y ou r p hy sician
. .

Pois on
Pois ons taken i nto the syste m through th e
m outh and n ot through the blood re q uire a
, ,

d i er en t treatm ent .

Poisons m a y be cl a ssifi e d a s follow s : I .

Irritant in which the s y m ptom s appear en

,

ti r ely at the location of the poison 2 Sy s . .

tem ic in which the poison a ff ects the s y s

,

t em at l a rge in a d dition to producing loc al

irritation 3 N a r cotic or sle ep producin g
. .
-
.

4 Ge n eral in which there i s n o local irrita

.
,

ti on .

In the rst m entioned it is best not to ,

c ause vo m iting Give dilute acids to neutral .

ize alkali s a n d d ilute alkalis to neutraliz e

,

a cids Then ad m ini s ter oil raw egg or ou r

.
, ,

a n d w ater Sm all do s e s of op iates m ay b e

.
 1000 T H I N G S WO RTH K N OWI N G 1 89

g iven to q uiet the pain and whisky or other ,

s pi r ituous liquor to r elieve weakne s s .

In the s econ d cla s s ( ex cept for ar s enic or

si m ilar poisoning ) n o em etic should be given .

The poi s on m ay be counteracted by bland

d o s e s of oil our and w a te r white of eggs ;
, , ,

and stim ulating drink s should be given to

counte r act dep r e s s ion .

In the third cla s s m ake strenuous e ffort to

,

produce vom iting then give s tr ong co ff ee or

,

other s ti m ulating drink s a n d m ake every ef ,

fort to keep the patient awake even if y ou ,

have to keep h im walking .

F ourth cla s s Give e m etic s and follow with

.
,

sti m ula ting d r ink s to relieve weakne s s and

p ain
.
T h e patient s h ould be allo wed to r es t ,

Poi s oni n g .

Pois on in g by Acid s .
For s ulphuric , m uri
a tic, n itric , and ace tic cids give i m m ediately a
a solution of baking s oda o r m a gne s i a c h alk , ,

li m e soap sud s or ch a lk too th powd er fol

,
-

, ,

l owed by raw egg s m ilk or s weet oil

F or C a rb ol i c A c i d or Cr e os ote
.
, ,

G ive alco
h ol and i m m ediately castor o i l sweet oil r a w
, , , , ,

eggs or m ilk followed by an e m etic

, , .

F or O x a l i c Aci d Ad m inister li m e chal k , ,

or m agn e s ia L i m e m a y be s c r aped fro m the

.

wall or ceiling and di s solved in water but ,

d on t u s e s oda potash or a m m onia

, ,

Fo r P ru s s ci A i
c d Generally the patien t
1 90 1000 THINGS W O RT H K NOWING
d ies i mm ediately but if he is still living do
, ,

not stop to give em etic s but ad m ini s te r s ti m ,

u l a n ts Apply hot a n d cold douches and use

.

a r ticial re s pi r ation .

F or Aco n i te Poi s on in g Wash the sto m ach .

-

wi th a s to m ach tube and avoid e m etics U s e .

s t i m ulant s Apply w a r m th to the ex tre m i t ie s

.

a n d place m u s ta r d pla s te r s over the heart an d

l egs If the patient is in s ensible use articial
.
,

re s piration .

Fo Cr a m
ph or Give e m etic s oils and eggs
.
, , .

Apply wa r m th to the ex tre m iti es .

F or C h l oroform If caused by inhalation

.
-
,

re s o r t to a r ti ci a l r e s pi r ation and apply f r ic

tion Place th e p a tient in the fre s h a ir keep
.
,

ing the hea d ve r y l ow Alternate hot and col d .

a pplication s If it occu r s fro m internal u s e

.
,

ad m ini s ter large do s es of bicarbonate of soda

in water Ad m i n i s ter articial re s pi r ation if
.

the patient is in s en s ible .

F or N u x Vom ic a Tobacco , c h ewi n g or .

s m oking, and ani m al charcoal , d i s s olved in

water F ollow with e m etics Use articial
. .

re s piration when nece s s a ry .

F or O p i u m Ad m ini
ter an e m etic such as s ,

m u s tard or ipecac A pply water to the head .

,

face and spine Give strong coffee but do

, .
,

not give alco h olic s ti m ulant s Keep the p a .

tient arou s ed by walking whipping or other , ,

m eans Use articial r e s piration if nece s sary

. .
1 92 1000 T H ING S WO RTH KNOWING
n ot u s e th e thu m b a s the r e is a s ort of p u lse
,

in i t wh ic h interferes with c ounting .

Rh eu m a ti s m S o
far a s i s known there is ,

no cer ta in cure for rheu m atis m n otw i th s ta n d ,

i n g th e m any no s t r um s t h at are adve r ti s e d as

sure c ures R heu m ati s m m ay be h elped by
.

a voiding m eat and othe r ni tr ogenou s foo d s ,

c onning the d iet to veget a ble s a n d s i m ila r

food s a n d drinking water fr eely R heu m a
,
.

ti s m however is too seriou s to be t r eate d by

, ,

o th er than a physician .

Scal ds an d Bur n s

Place the patient in a co m fo r table and safe

pl a ce and rem ove the clothing rapidly with a
knife or s ci s s o r s If it s ticks cut away as
.
,

m uch as is nece s s a r y but don t pull it off

.
,

C lothing m a y s om eti m e s be re m oved by

s prin kling with wate r or o i l D o not e x pose .

the s urface of the burn or s cal d to the air .

C over a s quickl y as possible wi t h our or

v a s eline and w r ap a cloth about it wet with
a solution o f water a n d co m m on baking soda .

If the clothing is a r e force the per s on to

,

l i e d own i m m ediately w r ap h i m in a bl a nket

,

o r other piece of cloth preferably of wo olen, .

Do n ot allow h i m to r u n aroun d or e x pos e

hi m s elf to a draught F ire m ay be ex tin
.

g u i s h ed by s lapping the burning part s with a

c loth or throwing water upon the pers on b u t
, ,

th e wrapp in g process is bet ter, becaus e it im

 1000 TH I N G S WORTH KNOWI N G 19 3

m ediately s m others th e r e an d water i s not ,

a l way s available .

S light scald s o r burns m ay be relieved by

th e application of a s olu t ion m ade of a pint
of water with one tea s poonful o f baking so d a
o r s aleratus Apply with a piece of lint a n d
.
,

then cover the burn or s cald wi th ab s o r bent

cotton held in place by a ba n dage If the
, .

bu r n or s cald is s eve r e apply s we et oil olive

, ,

oil vas eline or the white of an egg If th e s e

, , .

are not handy cover th e s pot with starch or

,

u s e da m p ea r th .

B u r ns cau s e d by lye and other alkaline ,

chem icals should be covered with water then

, ,

vi th vinegar and then treate d a s those by

Ere
,

B urns caused by acid s and v i tr ol should be

s oaked with wa t er and thorough ly wa s hed
with soda ( salera tu s ) or li m e w a ter C halk .

o r tooth pow d er m ay be u s e d when s aleratu s

is not availab le .

C arbolic aci d burn s m ay be treated with

s trong alcohol .

B urns of the m outh or throat co m ing fro m

the drinking of h ot u id s m ay be tr eated by ,

taking oil or th e white of an egg into the

m outh and allowing it to r u n into the th r oat
i f the throat is a ffected Vinega r s houl d be
.

use d for burn s in the m ou th co m ing fr o m

c a ustic pota s h a n d a m m onia If the burn is .

s eriou s s u m m on the doctor

, .

B u r n s c aused by g unpow der s hould b e

treat ed th e s a me as ar e o rdinary b u rns .
194 1 000 THI N G S WO R TH K N OWIN G

Sh ock or Coll ap s e

S hock collapse frequently occurs after s e

or
rion s accidents It can be for etold ge n e r ally
,
.
'
,

becau s e the s kin is cool a n d cla m m y and it ,

i s u s u a lly a cco m panied with vo m iting or

rapid pul s e i r r egular b r eathing or s igh ing
, , ,

and the eyelid s m ay be heavy the pupil s d i ,

lated and the m ind i s not active In s en s i

,
.

bili fy f r eque n tly accom panie s a s hock S end .

for a surgeon or d octo r i m m ediately Place .

the patient in a wa r m b ed if po s s ible cover , ,

h i m with blankets and allow h is hea d to lie ,

low R e m ove all clothing cutting it to s ave

.
,

ti m e Wi a p bandages around wounds or

.
'

broken bones .

Hot cloth s or hot water bags or a h ot

, ,

b r ick w r appe d in cloth s houl d be applie d to

the r egion of th e hea r t the pit of the s to m ach , ,

a n d the feet If wet cloth s are u s ed w r ing

.
,

the m out fr equen tly in h ot w a ter and r e apply -

the m It is not nece s s a r y to u s e heat s u f

.

cient to bu r n the s kin Under no circu m .

stances apply heat to the head .

If po s s ib l e fo r ce the patient to d rink hot

,

water hot tea hot co ffee or hot m ilk Malted

, , , .

m ilk i s ex cellent but it s hould be hot , .

Whi s ky and other alcoholic liquo r s hould not

be given ex cept by the advice of a doctor
, .

Half a tea s poonful of arom atic s pi r its of a m

m onia in water m ay be gi ven eve r y 1 5 m i n
u tes fo r four dose s but not m ore S ti m u , .
1 96 1 000 THI N G S WO R TH K N OWIN G
knife open the hole s m ade by the snake s
,

fangs a n d cut a r ou n d the wound libe r ally ,

being careful not to s ever an arte r y Let t h e .

blood run freely Poi s on is s o m eti m e s r e

.

m oved by s ucking a woun d but one shoul d .

,

n o t d o thi s if hi s lip s are chapped or bleeding .

The woun d shoul d be was hed with so d a s olu

tion a n d la r ge d o s es of whi s ky or bran d y
s houl d be ad m iniste r ed Call a s urgeon i m m e
.

d i a tel y .

Sor e Th r oa t So r e
throat m a y be m erely
.
-

local or be a fo r e r unner of diphth eria B etter .

c on s ult a phy s ician .

Sp in s
r a Mo s t s prain s are s e r ious and a
.
,

doctor s h oul d be calle d at once but before ,

he arrive s the following s i m ple t r eatm ent m a y

be applied S p r ain s twi s t a n d tear the liga
.

m ents a n d m ay rup ture th e s m all bloo d v es

s el s . Th e ow of blood m a y be checked by
application of col d o r heat or by p r e s s ure .

If the ankle or foot i s s p r a ined w r ap a folded ,

towel tightly aroun d the pa r t S prained and

th en apply m oi s t heat a n d eleva te the leg .

I m m e r s e th e foot in water a s hot as c a n be

bo r ne and ke ep on a d d ing hot water for about
20 m inute s s o that the te m pe r atu r e m a y not
,

be l owe r ed ; then apply a banda ge but con ,

ti n u e the bat h ing treatm ent C old applica .

tion s m ay be u s ed instead of hot water and ,

sho u ld be appli ed by d ippin g cloth s in ice

water fre quently and wrapping them abou t ,

the parts 1 n j u r ed .
 1 000 T H I N GS WO RTH KNOWI N G 1 97

S ti n gs P oi s o n ou s I n s ects or of scorpion s ,
of
centipede s , etc , s h ould be tr eated with harts
.

ho r n , a m m onia , after which col d wate r o r .

c r a cke d ice s h oul d be applied Do not fail to .

call a s u r geon or d octor If the s ting rem ain s .

in the woun d , re m ove it either by p r e s s ure

o n the s k in or with a knife Th e s tings of .

co m m on in s ects, s uch a s m osquitoes , ants ,

etc , s houl d be tr ea te d with a weak solution
.

of a m m o n i a , s alt water, o r a cloth wet wi th

water in w h ich a tea s poonful of baking soda
to a pint of water is dissolved , m ay be bound
on it .

S u oca ti on .
A1ways su m m on a physician .

Place the patient in the a i r re m ove all tight ,

clothing about the neck a n d ches t a n d apply ,

a r ticial re s piration Apply hot water in bot .

tle s to the body Pu t m u s tar d pla s te r s above

.

the hea r t on th e s ole s of h is feet and on h i s

, ,

wrists W h en the patient show s s ign s of r e

.

covering give m ild sti m ulants If the patient

, .

i s in a clo s e roo m open the win d ow s a n d all

,

o f the do ors In re s cue work d o not open

.

win d ows but s m ash ou t all o f the gla s s In

, .

entering a roo m full of s m oke cover the ,

m outh wit h a handke r chief wet with water or

vinega r and water C r a wl on the oor a s .
,

the s m oke i s le s s den s e near the oor Th e .

re s cuer s houl d att ach a rope to hi m s elf s o he ,

can be pulled from h i s d a nge r ou s pos ition

.

Su n s troke In d icatio n s o f s un s t r oke or h ea t

.

p r ost r ation are a slo w but full p u l s e ve r

y l a ,
198 1000 THING S WORTH KNOWING
bored breathing and th e skin is hot and dry
, ,

the face u s ually r ed and the per s on aff ected,

i s uncon s ciou s R e m ove the su ffere r to a

.

s ha d y pl a ce and be su r e to loo s en h i s collar

,

and clo thing if tight R ai s e the hea d and

, .

shoulde r s Th e hea d face and che s t s hould

.
, ,

be d r enched wi th cold water a n d if it is very ,

hot u s e cracked ice In or d ina r y cases of

.

hea t pro s tr a tion the patient is not u n con

,

s ciou s , the s kin i s pale a n d cla m m y a n d the ,

b r ea thing i s not n or m al F orce the patient to .

lie on h is back with his head level with his

body and loosen all tight clothing Apply
, .

heat to the e x trem ities and c o ld to head Th e , .

patient s hould not be allowed to d r ink too

m uch wa t er Give h im hot d r ink s and apply
.
,

hea t to the s pine and feet Under no circu m .

stance s ad m ini s ter alcoholic sti m ulants Al .

ways sen d for a physician .

Tem pera tu r e of th e B od y The n or m al .

body te m pe r a tu r e i s degr ees F ah r enheit .

When it i s higher the patient i s s uppo s ed to

,

have a fever Te m perature usually rises in

.

the afternoon being o n e degree higher than in

,

the r s t pa r t of the night or in the ear ly

m o r ning .It gradu a lly fall s fr o m m idnight to
s ix or s even o clock in the m orni n g The

.

te m pe r ature of a child frequently ri s es two

d egrees fr o m sli ht cau s es E very fa m ily
g .

should car r y a c l m ica l therm o m eter B odily .

te m peratur e should be t aken by holding it in

200 1000 TH IN G S WO RTH KN OWIN G
or shawls or a blanket may b e fastened to
,

tw o stout poles ; if no pole s are handy a shaw l ,

tigh tly hel d by two persons wil l do but grea t ,

care should be taken to keep it tight A win .

dow s h utter is gene r ally available Th e 811 1 .

ferer s h ould b e v ery c arefully place d upon th e

stretcher and had better b e lifted by several
,

pers on s by two at leas t Th e bearers of th e

, .

s tretcher s h ould not keep step the opposi te ,

feet s houl d be put forwa r d at the s am e tim e

to prevent the sway i ng of the stretcher a n d
t h e rolling of the patient N ever c arry th e
.

s tr etc h e r on the s h oulde r s C a r r y the patient

.

feet forem os t ex cept when g oing up hill In

, .

ca s e of a fractured th igh or l eg carry th e ,

patient head rst when goin g down hill .

V enti l ti o n
a Th e sick roo m should neve r
.
-

be wit h out fres h air I m pure and clos e air

.

breeds d i s ea s e a n d encourage s illnes s Fre s h .

air s hould b e introd uced constantly a n d ,

stead ily The win d ows m ay b e lowered at

.
i

the top or patented ventilators u sed To .

change the a i r open the windows in a n a d

,

join i n g roo m a n d th en open the door between

,

th e r o o m s but the fre s h air in th e adj oinin g

,

room s h ould be warm before it is allow ed to

penet r ate the s ick roo m -
By s wingi n g the
.

d oor back a n d forth the air will be fanned

,

in . Do not m aintain the erroneous i m pres

s io n t h at col d air i s pu r e becau s e it is c old .

for col d air m ay be a s foul as warm a i r .

N ight air i s not d ange r ous The p a tient m u s t .

 1000 TH INGS W O RTH KN O WING 20 1

b reath e igh t air or c losed i n d ay air an d

n -

c los ed ih-
air rapidly b eco m es fou l .

Vom iting Li e down and hold s m al l pieces

o f i ce in your m outh If it continues c on
.
,

sul t a physician .

Wi ll s will untechnic a lly speaki n g i s

.
-
A , ,

virtually a bill of sale or tran s fer of property

- -

by its owner to tho s e he m ay des ign ate but ,

d i ffers fro m the ordi n a r y bill of s ale in tha t - -

there is no con s ide r ation m entioned on the

part of tho s e who will r eceive the property ,

a n d the will i s not operativ e until the deat h of

t h e m ake r of it N o one can e x ecute a will

.

unl es s he i s pres u m ably in h i s right m ind a n d ,

knows what he is doing N or can a will be .

m ade by an i d iot or one insane Th e will .

m u s t be s igned and witne s sed by several wit

nesses each witness signing as a witne s s i n
,

th e pre s ence of all of the other witnes s es .

While it would appear that every on e h a s a

r ight to di s pose of his property as he chooses ,

a will is not likely to stand i n law if it can

b e proved that the m aker of it w a s under u n
due o r unfair inuence and therefo r e dis , , ,

tr ibuted h is property to the prejudice of tho s e

who would be entitled to it if no will w a s
m ade F or e x a m ple : a will is not likely to hol d
.

good if i ts m aker u nfairly di s ow ned c lose legal

h ei r s like a wife hu s band or c hildren or b e
, , , ,

q u ea th ed his property to so m e institution

202 1000 TH IN GS W ORTH KN OWIN G
w hich i t cou l d be shown h e probably w ould
n ot hav e do n e had not unfair pre s sur e been

brought to bear upon h im at the ti m e he m ade

his will All legal hei r s shoul d as a rul e be
.
, ,

m entioned in a will even th o ugh they are

,

g iven insignicant s u m s As the

. laws di f
f er
i n th e s everal states it is sugges ted that it is
,

better and safer to consult a good lawyer ,

o r on e fa m iliar with conditions

Wir el es s Tel egr aphy The ex act date of

.

th e di s c overy or invention o f wireles s teleg

r a p h y is n ot accurately known Many scient.

i s ts d i s covered it theoretically before M ar

c oni m ade it practical S o m e scientic a u
.

th or i t i es clai m that it was ori ginated by Pr o .

fes s o r D ol b ea r of Massachu s etts

, In 1 899 .
,

m e s sages were sent fro m E ngland to F rance ,

and recently an intelligible m essag e was

a s hed across the Atlantic Ocean U n s ci en .

t i c a l ly speaking wireless telegraphy con s ists

,

of d i s chargi ng powe r ful electrical cu r rents

into the atm o s phere their vibration s being
,

taken up by the natu r al electricity in the air ,

a n d received by wi r e s placed at an elevation .

Prac tically all s ea going stea m ers are equipped

-

.w ith wireless telegraphy .

Wom an s Su ffr age T

h e r s f c onvention
i n the interest of wom an s rights w a s held July

19 , 1 808, at S eneca F alls , N Y In 1 85 0, a

. .

N ational Wo m an s R ights Convention w a s

h eld in Worce s ter , Mass F rom that ti m e

.
204 1111) THI N G S WO RTH KN OW ING
Wor l d a Lar ges t S
t h i ps T eam s
he I m
p er a to r , j us t p l a ced i n co m m i s s ion , i s the
w orld s larges t v es sel S h e i s 9 19 feet l ong

.
,

98 feet bea m , an d 62 fe et deep Th e boat .

d ec k i s 1 00 feet, and th e trunks of the m as t

246 feet , a bove th e keel Th e f u nnels are 69 .

feet long with oval openings , 29 by 1 8 feet .

The ru dder alone weighs 90 ton s Sh e i s .

regi s tered a t tons, with a disp l acem en t

of to n s D ispl acem ent repre s ents the
.

w eight of th e water which i s occupied by that

p a rt o f th e h ull u nder water T h e ship is a .

m odern oa ting hotel , c ontaining a grill roo m , -

a tea ga rden a verand a cafs everal ladies

, ,

s itting oom s a p al m garden a b a ll roo m a

r
- -

, , ,

g y m nas i u m a swi
, m i ng tank a n d oth er a c ,

c es s or i es In th e r s t cabin there are 220

.

regular bath room s and s hower s including 1 5 0 ,

private bath room s The stateroom s do n ot

c onta i n berths m etal bedsteads being u sed

,

throughout Th e entranc e hall is 90 feet wi d e

. ,

a n d 69 feet lon g In addition the ve s sel c arr i es

.

a d rug stor e a book stor e and a ower shop

, , ,

an d several p as senger elevators are m ai n

ta i n ed To i llu m inate th e ship there are
.

electri c la m p s The R om an bath i s 6 5 feet

.

lon g and 4 1 feet wid e Th e swi m m ing bath

, .

i s 39 feet long 21 feet w ide and 9 feet deep

, , .

The q uadruple turbin e en gine s have 7Z(I)O ,

horse power and develop an average speed o f

-

22 % kn ots a n hour O n e of th e im m ens e

.

l
 1000 THINGS WORTH KNOWIN G 205

r ota r s ontainsc blades and weigh s 1 35 ,

tons Th e ship carries a crew of

. per
sons a com plete re departm ent and wireless
, ,

telegraphy If the I m perator was set on

.

en d ,she woul d be higher t han the largest

building i n th e world which i s 750 feet high
, .

Th e s hip has a passenger capacity eq ual to th e

population of a l ar ge town .

Yan k ee This word is said to b e a c orru p

tion of E nglish or Anglais pronounce d by th e ,

M as s achusetts In d ian s w h o gave this nam e

,

to the N ew E ngland C oloni s ts Yen gh i es , ,

Ya n g h i es Yankee s, It was applied to the

.

N ew E nglande r s by the B ritish soldiers dur

i n g the R evolutionary War and to the F ederal ,

s o ldiers by th e C onfederates durin g th e C i vi l

War

.

Yank ee Dood l e Th e ori gin of Y ankee

Dood le perhaps the m ost fam ous A m e r ican
,

n ational air is unknown It is supposed to

, .

have been an E ngli s h tune At any rate i t .

,

was i ntroduced into A m er ica by th e B ritish

troops i n 1 775 .
 IN D E X

v
Abb r e iation s i n common A r bor Day, 5
u s e, 1 A r cti c ocea n 40 ,

Acci d en ts , 1 60 A r ea o f a ci r cl e 2 4 ,

A ccid en ts el ectr i cal ,

, 17 3 A r ea o f a s q u ar e 2 6
v
.

A cc 1 d en ts , h ow to a oid, A r ea o f d es er t 4 1 .

1 85 A r ea o f fer ti l e s oil 4 1 ,

A cety l en e g as 2 , A r ea o f th e b as e o f a
A d d p oi s o n in g 1 89 . s qu a r e 2 6
.

A con ite poi s on i n g 1 9 0 , A r ea o f th e ea r th , 39

A i tted to th e n ion U A r ea o f th e ocean s , 40
g A r ea of th e n i ted U
v
A d en tis ts , 2 States 62
,

A r s en ic poi s on ing, 1 9 1 A r ea s o f ea r thqu ak es , 42

E ol ian h a rp 3 . A r i th m eti c 5
,

A r e, cl othm g 1 66 , A r n ica , 1 75
A fr i ca , 40 A r om atic s p 1r i ts o f
A ge, 3 m on i a, 1 75
Agn cu ltu r al 1 m pl em en t A r t es i an w el l s 5 .

m d u s tr y 3 , A r ti cia l i ce 5 .

Ai r s h ip r ecor d s . 1 1 4 , v
A r ts s e en li b er a l. 1 0 8
A l a s ka 3, A s ia, 40
A l ber g tunn el, 5 9 Atlan tic cab le 6 ,

A lgeb r a, 4 Atl an tic oc ean 40 ,

A l m an acs , 4
A m a zons 4 , A u r o ra B o r eal is , 1 0
v
A m eri ca n i n en ti on s , 5
A m m on ia, 1 74
A n tar ctic ocea n 40
Ap os tles cr eed , 4
A poth eca r i es w eigh t 1 5
A pp a r en t d eath 1 60
A tm os ph er e, 1 0
7 A u s tr a l i a , 4 1
A u tom obi l e r ecor d s , 1 1 4
. Au tom obi les 1 0 ,
v
A er age l i fe o f m an , 3
4 , v
A er ag e w ei gh t o f m en
. a n d w om en 1 28
,

A pr il Fools Day, 4 v
A oi r d u pois w eigh t, 1 5 4
 I N DE X
Baltic an d N orth Sea ca B itis h Roy al family
r , co s t
n al , 1 7 f 30
o .

Ban d agi n 1 61 B k b es 1 64
ro en on .

Ban k o f u gl an d. 11 B k f m 15
r oo ar ,

Ba b ll 1 1 5
se a . Bu rn s 1 92 .

B e f a m a gl e 2 5
as o n ,

B til e 1 1
as , Ca ble Atl antic
. , 6
Bath 1 61 s. Cal mcu l a t in ter es t, 1 6g
Bay th F s tival 1 1
r eu e , Ca li fo rn i a g ol d i n, 5 5.

B i c s 43
eau t r . Cam p h o r 176 ,

B l la d
e
p i so i g
onn a1 91 o n n , Cam p h o r p oi s on in g, 1 90
Bel l s on s h i p boa r d, 1 09 Can a l s 17 .

; Ca p aci ty o f ci s tern s an d
i e, s s in
g th i
e 6 7
'

w el l s 1 8 .

B ible s ta tis ti cs . 1 2 Cap i ll a r y ein s , b leed ing v

.

B ica r bon ate o f s od a, 1 75 fr om 1 63

W
,

B i l liar d r ecor d s , 1 1 5 Cap i tol a t a s h in gton ,

B i m eta l li s m, 1 2
-
18
B i r th s ton es , 1 2 Ca r l o li c acid p ois oni n g,
B ite. s n ake, 1 9 5 1s a
B ites d og , 1 69
. Car d s 93
B l eed in g 1 62 . Ca r r ym g th e woun d ed,
B l eed i ng fr om ca pi ll a r y 1 99
vei n s 1 63 . Ca o f f il s 48
us e a u re
B
.

leed in g fr om th e vein s . C lle d i i f cti g 1 68

ar s . s n e n ,

1 63 Cells of th e b ai 1 4 r n,
Bl in d. 1 3 C ll l id 1 9
e u o ,

B l ood , cir cu l ati on o f, 2 1 C en s u sf th e U ted o ni

B l ood h eat, 1 3-
Sta tes . 27
Bl u e Gr a s s r eg ion, 1 3
-
Cer ti ed ch ecks 1 9 ,

Bo a r d a n d ti m ber m eas Ces s p ool s d i s in fectin g, ,

u re 15.6 1 68
B od y t em p er a tu r e. 1 98 Ch eap l au n d r y s oa p s , 1 1 0
B on es , b r oken , 1 64 Ch eck s c er t i ed 1 9
. ,

B ooks p r od u cti on o f, 1 00
. Ch em i ca l com p os iti on o f
B ow l in g r ecor d s , 1 1 6 m an 20 .

B
'
ox er s , 1 4 Ch es s 20 .

B r ain 1 4 Ch es ts ( m edicin e) , 75
C v
.

B r an dy 1 72 , h i ef i r tu es 1 0 7 .

B r ead 1 5
'
. Ch i l bla in s 1 64 ,

B r eak fa s t food s , 15 Chi l d r en emer genei es , 1 73

.
Cough m edi cin es 87 Di s i n fecting c el l

, ar s ,

Coun tr i es o f th e w or l d y ds , ces s pool s . etc. ,

g
.

98 1
Cr adl e o f Amer ican Lib Di s i f ti g th e s i k
n ec n c
et ty, 31 oom
r 1 68 .

Cr edit M obilier 31 Di l ti
s oca 68 on , 1

C d Apo tl s 4
r ee s e
,
'
Di t b tw
s an ce ities i e een c n
th e U i t d S ta t
, ,

C s te p i
r eo o i g 1 89 o s on n 34
n e es ,

C to w at tu n el 59
ro n er n
,

.
Dis t e f m th ea th
an c ro e r

C d 32
ru s a es
t th
o pl t 1 12e an e s ,
Di v i g b l l 3 6
.

C bi m a e 1 54
u c e s ur n e s,

Crus t of
,

th e ear th , 32 Dog bites , 1 69

36
D r ow n i n g , 1 69

Dae er r eotypqs 32
D r ow n in g , to p r e v en t, 172

Dam ag e by i htn i ng 33
.
D ru g s . 36
Dr y m ea s u r e 1 5
,

D an g er o f ta mg p aten t
4
Du m b a n d d ea f, 33
,

m edi cin es , 86
Dyi n g s ayin gs o f gr eat
Day or n ight, to n d th e m en 3 7 .

l eng t h o f 1 37 , D y n am ite, 39
D ead ly s in s , 1 0 7
D ea f a n d d u m b 33 B2 g etti n g th in g s in to
34
,

D eath a pp a r en t 1 60
.

. , 1
D eath s p er cen tage o f, 77
. E a r th c r u s t o f, 32
Deeds .
.

E a r th fa cts 39
D eg r ees i n comm on u s e,
,

Ea r th q u ake a r ea s , 42
1 E a r th q u a kes 4 1 ,

D ep th o f th e s ea, 40 E lect o r al ote 62 v .

D ia lects 1 1 2 . E l ectr ica l a ccid en ts 1 73 ,

D ia m eter o f a ci r cle 2 4 , E lectr i cal an d oth er beau

D iam eter o f a s ph er e 2 6 , ti er s , 43
D ia mon d s ( famou s ) 49 , E l ect r icity , 43
Di ction a r ies , 33 E mb ezzl em en t, 44
Di ffer en ce in ti me . 1 36 E m er g en ci es , wh a t to d o
D i ffer ent col or s to , pro in 1 5
, 6
d uce 1 38 . Em er g en ci es wi th ch i l
Dig es tibility of foods , 34 d r en 1 73 .

Di p hth er i a, 1 67 E m er g en cy m edicin es , 1 74
D is eas es in fectiou s , 1 86
. E m eti cs 1 77 .

D is in fectants , 1 67 En d u r ance r ecor d s , 1 1 6

 IN DEX

Eng i n e s team , , 1d F ood s , d iges tibi l ity of, 34

E n g l an d B a n k , o f, 11 F or ce o f g r a ity, 5 7 v
E
q u a to r , 3g F or es t s 5
;
2 .

r r or s of 1 1 s tor y, 44 Fo r etell in g th e w eath er .

E s p er an to, 46 52
E s ti m atin g th e w eight of F r eem a s on r y , 54
h av 1 3 7
. F r ei bu r g tu nn el. 5
9
E u r op e, 40 F r en ch Aca d emy, 5 5
Ex er ci s e 1 78 , F r os t b ite 1 82 ,

E x tin gu i s hi n g r e fr om Fu m igating a s ick r oom ,

coa l oi l 17 9 1 82
E y e, g ettm g th ings in to.
Is 3
G as , acetyl en e 2
F act s ab ou t th e ear th, 39
.

G a s i l lu m in atin g,
. 1 86
Fai lu r es 4 7 , G as n a tu r al 79
, .

F a i lu r es ca u s e o f, 48
, Gem s l an gu ag e of 67
, ,

F a in tin g, 1 80 Getti n g th in gs i nto th e

Fam ou s d ia m on d s , 49 ey e n os e ea r , etc , 1 83
, . .

F an eu il H al l, 3 1 G ettin g w et, 1 84
F a r m p r o d u ction s , 49 Gin g er , 1 76
F eed in g an in al i d , 1 80 v Gl a s s p late, 92
.

F er til e s oi l , 4 1 G las s es 1 1 4 ,

Fin d in g th e cap acity o f Gly cer in e, 1 76

ci s ter n s an d w ell s , 1 8 Gol d coi n in g 2 3 ,

F in di n g th e len gth o f d a y C
Gold in a li for n ia, 55
o r n ig h t 137 , v
Go er n m en t, 55
Fin d in g th e n u m ber o f Gr ain in d u s try, 57
d ay s ( in ter es t ) 1 6 , v
G ra ity . 57
F ir e i n th e h ou s e, 1 81 Gr eat Am er i can inven
Fi r es fr om coa l oi l, 1 79 ti on s 57,

F ir s t tr an s Atl an ti c s team
-
G r ea t Ea s tern , 5 8
s hi p 51
, G r ea t l ib r a r ies 59 ,

F its , 1 81 Gr eat m en , d yin g s ayi ng:

Fl ag o f th e n i ted S tates ,U o f. 3 7
1 42 G r eat r el 1g1 0 n s , 1 35
F l ou r in du s tr y, 51 G r eat tu n n el s , 5
9
Fool s D a y , 4

G r eece, v
s e en w is e m en
F ood ( p u r e) 1 0 1 . o f, 1 08
F ood n u tr i m en t 5 1 . G r ow er s ( h ai r ) , 59
Fo od s . b r ea k fa s t, 1 5 Gu nm s on tun n el. 5 9
 INDE X

H ai r g r ower s , 59 Illum in ating gas , 1 86

H al f cen tu ry o f h fe 60 Im p l em en t in d u s try, 3
.

-
.

H a l f th e ci r cum fer en ce I n d ian ocean 40 ,

o f a ci r cl e 2 5 . In d u s t ri a l occu p ati on s , 65
H am am eli s 1 77 , In d u s tr y , a gr icu l tu ral im
H a m m er th r ow in g ( CO-

p l em en t, 3
or d s , 1 17
H a r p aeol ian, 3
, cocoa. 22
H a w a u 61 , co ffee. 22
H ay in d u s tr y 61 , cott on. 31
H ay , to es ti mate th e ou r 51 .

w eigh t o f 1 3 7 . g r a m. 5 7
H ea d a ch e pow d er s , 87 h a y , 61
H ea d ach es 1 84 . i r on 66 ,

H ea lth 6 1 , j ew el r y 66 ,

l i q u or an d w1 n e, 74
,

H ei g h t o f m en an d w om
en , 1 26 m ea t 75 .

H ei g h t o f th e l an d. 40 m in er a l, 76
H i ccou g h s , 1 85 m i nin g 76 ,

H igh es t m ou n ta in 40 , p etr ol eu m , 92
H is tor ical d a ta 62 , p ou l tr y a n d egg, 97
H i s tor y er r or s o f 44
, , s u g ar , 1 30
H is tor v i n b r i e f n ited , U b
to a cco 1 37 .

States . 1 43 w ool. 2 0 3
H ol y G ra il 64 , In fectiou s d i s ea s es , 1 86
H ou s e a r e 1 81 . In u en ce o f th e ocean on
Ho s e of R ep r es en tati ves th e cli m a te, 66
g
,

5 b
In h a itan ts o f th e n i ted U
H ou s eh ol d w eigh ts , 64 S
tates , 9 5
H ow to a oi d a cci d en ts v In s an e 66 ,

1s 5 In s om n ia 1 9 5 .

H ow to becom e a voter , In ter es t ca l cu l atin g, 1 6

.

64 In ter es t tab le 1 7 ,

H u m an b rai n , 1 4 v
In a li d feed in g an , 1 80
,

H oos a c tu n n el 5 9 , v
In en ti on s g r ea t A m er i ,

H u r d le r acin g r ecor ds , can , 57

1 17 Ir on i n d u s tr y, 66
H u r r i c an e w arn in gs , 15
2
H y d r op h obi a 1 69 , J ew el r y in d u s tr y, 66
J oh n D oe a n d ich ar d R
Ice, ar ti ci al, 5 R oe, 66
VI
 INDEX
Paci c ocean . 40
Palm i s tr y 84 ,

N a ti on s . w ea l th o f, 1 51 P an am a can a l, 17
N atu r a l g a s 79 , Pa r tn er s h ip 84 .

N atu ra l ization 79 P aten t m ed icin es 86

P
, ,

N a tu r a l i zed ci tizen s , 64 eppe r m in t, 176

N eu r a l g ia 188 . P er cen ta g e o f d eath s , 77
N ew s p a p er s , 80 Per p etual m otion 9 1 ,

N ew Yo r k Stock Ex Petr oleu m in du s tr y 9 2 ,

ch an g e, 81 Phi lip p in e Is lan d s 92 ,

N ew Zea lan d, 4 1 Phon og r aph 1 31 .

N ickn am es o f States , 81 Ph y s ician s 88 ,

N i gh t to n d th e l en gth
, P ian o for te 92 .

o f 1 37
,
Pla n ets 1 1 2 .

N itr og l y ceri n e 82
N o r m al w eight o f m en
.
5
P
1
2 19
ay i n g
oi s on .
g las s .
ca r d 3 ,
1 88
92
93
an d w om en 1 26
Poi s on in g
.

N or th Am er ican con ti by aci d s . 1 89

n en t, bv ac on i te, 1 90
40
bv a r s en ic, 191
N or th Am er i ca, p opu la
ti on of th e la r ge ci ti es
by ca r b ol i c a ci d or
c r eos o te, 1 89
o f, 68
by bel l ad on n a 1 9 1
N o s e getti n g thi n gs into ,
,
by cam p h or 1 90
.

1 83
,

b y ch l or o for m , 1 90
N otes 82 .
by cor r os i e s u bl i v
N tl l ber o f n ew s paper s m ate 1 9 1
g
.
.

s by m u s h r oom s 1 9 1 ,

N u tr im en t o f food 51 . by n u x om i c a 1 90 v
v
,

N ux om ica p oi s on in g . by op iu m 1 90 ,

1 90 by ox al ic a ci d 1 89 .

by p ru s s i c ac id , 1 89
Pois on ou s in s ects , s tin gs
Occu p ati on s , ind us tr ia l. o f, 1 97
65 Pol e s t a r 9 3 ,

O cean ow n er s h ip , 82 Pol e v au ltin g r ecor d s , 1 18

O cea n r eco r d s , 1 1 7 P ol es m agn eti c 75
, ,

O cean s , a r ea o f, 40 Pop u lati on by States , 125

Ol d tim e s h ip s , 83 P op u lati on an d l an d a r ea
O pi u m p oi s on in g, 1 9 0 of th e U n i ted S tates ,

Ox al i c a ci d poi s on in g, 1 89 93
VI II
 IN DE X
Popu l ti n of th e l ar ge R
a o a d iu s of a cir c e, 2 4 l
i ti
c d t w s of th e
es an R o n a i l r oa d s , 1 03
U it d St t 2 8
n e R a es , ecor d s , air s h i p, 1 14
Popu lati on of th e l a r ge au tom o bi le , 1 14

c i ti es o f N orth Am er billi ar d s , 11
i ca ,68 bow lin g 1 1 .

Pop u l a ti on o f th e l a r ge en d ur ance, 1 1 6
citi es of th e n ited U h am m er th r ow m g 1 1 7 -
.

Sta tes 68 , h u r d l e r acin g, 1 1 7

Pop u l ation o f th e l ea d in g i u m pi n g 1 1 7 ,

citi es o f th e w o r l d , 7 M ar ath on team r ace

Popu l ation o f the n ited U 1 17
States . 27 motor cy cl e, 1 17
Pop u la ti on o f th e Un i ted o cean . 117
States per s qu ar e m il e .

p ol e v au l ti ng. 1 18
95
.

r un n i ng , 1 18
Pop u lati on of th e w or l d r u n n in g di s tan ce , 1 19
at th e tim e of Augu s s h ot p u tti ng , 1 1 9
tu s 4 1 . s katin g 1 1 9 ,

P or to R
i co, 9 7 s p o r tin g. s peed,
P os tag e s ta m p s , 9
7 1 14
P ou l tr y an d egg i n du s tr y , s w im min g, 1 20
97 tr otti ng . 1 2 1
P r es i d en ts of th e U n ited w a lk in g , 1 2 1
S tates , 97 Refe e r n dum, 1 04
Pr es s 90 Reg i s tr a tion 64 ,

Pr in ci p al cou n tri es of th e R eligi on s ten g r eat . . 1 35

w or l d , 9 8 Rel ig i ou s d en omin ati ons ,
P r in tin g p r e s s , 9 9 1 05
Pr od u ction of b ook s , 1 00 Rh eu mati s m, 1 92
Pr u s s i c aci d p oi s on i n g .
Roa d s 1 0 5
,

1s g Rou n d table 1 0 5 ,

Pub l ic d ebt o f th e n i ted U Roy al Acad emy 1 0 6 ,

S tates . 10 1 Royal Society 1 0 6

Pu blic s ch ool s
,

, 1 01 Ru nn in g di s tan ce r ecor d s ,

Pu l s e 1 9 1 . 1 19
Pu r e food 1 0 1 . Ru n n in g r ecor d s , 1 18
Py r am i d s 1 0 3 ,

Say in gs o f gr ea t m en , 3)
S cal d s an d bu r n s , 1 m
Qua ck d octor s , 90 S ch ool s tati s ti cs , 1 0 6
 S ch ool s , 101 Son gs of th e Civi l War ,

Su n day , 1 31 1 13
Sea d epth
, O f. 40 Sooth ing s y r u p s 87 .

Seas i ckn es s 1 0 6 , S or e th r oa t 1 96 ,

S en ate 56 , S ou th Am er i ca n con ti
S et tlem en t o f the Un ited n en t, 40
S tates 62 . Specta cles an d gl as s es ,
Seven ch ief vir tu es 1 0 7 , 1 14
cor p or al w or ks of S p eed r ecor d s 1 1 4 ,

m er cy , 1 0 7 Sp h er e ci r cu m fer en ce
, of.

d ea d l y s in s , 1 0 7 25
l iber a l a r ts 1 0 8 . S ph er e s u r face
, o f, 2 5
Sp i r i tu a l w or ks of S ph er es 2 6 ,

m er cy, 1 0 8 S pi r itu a l w o r ks of m er cy
wi s e m en o f r eece, G v
s e en , 1 08
1 08 S por tin g . s p eed an d oth er
o f th e M id d l e A ges , r ecor d s , 1 14
1 08 S p r a in s , 1 96
w on d er s o f th e N ew Squ ar e m ea s u r e, 1 53
W or l d, 1 0 9 Sq u ar e o f th e ci r cu m fer
S h avin g lotion s , 1 0 9 en ce o f a ci r cl e, 2 5
Sh ip bell s 1 0 9 . o f th e d ia m eter of a
Sh ip w a tch es , 1 1 0 ci r c l e, 2 4
S h ip s ( ol d tim e) 83 , o f th e r a d iu s of a
Sh ock or col l ap s e 1 94 . ci r cl e 2 4 ,

S h ot pu ttin g r ecor d s 1 1 9 , Sq u a r e r oo t or th e ar ea
S icl1: r oom , d i s i n fecti n g , of a ci r c l e, 25
68 St . Cl ai r tu n n el, 5
9
fu m ig atin g a, 1 82 St . Goth a r d tu n n el, 5
9
l
tem p er a tu r e o f, 1 99 S tan d a r d ti m e 1 2 2 ,

v
S in s s e en d ea d ly , 1 0 7
. S ta r ch a m b er 1 2 4 ,

S i ze o f th e b r ain , 1 4 S ta r s p an gl ed B an n er 1 2 4
-

Skatin g r ecor d s , 1 1 9 S tar s th eir n u m ber 1 2 4 ,

v State g ov er n m en ts 56
,

S la ery, 1 1 0 ,

S leep les s n es s 1 95 , States , n i ck n a m es

81 o f,
Sn ake b ite, 1 9 5 Sta ti s tics o f p op u l ation .

S oap 1 1 0 , U n i ted S ta tes by S tates .

S oci a l is m an d Com m u rh 125

is m , 2 7 o f th e B ib l e . 12
S ola r s y s tem , 1 1 1 s ch oo l . 1 06
Som e th in g s w or th kn ow Statu r e an d w eigh ts , 1 2 6
i ng, 1 1 2 S team en g i n e, 12 &
 el ectoral vote, 62 War s on gs , 1 13
ag 1 42 Was h in gton D , . C . . 18
Watch es on b
.

G v
o ern m en t. 55 s h ip oa r d ,

h i s tory in b r i ef 1 43 I IO
Wa ter ed s tock 1 51
,

b
i n h a i tan ts , 96 ,

la rge ci ti es ( p p a
o u l Wealth o f th e n ation s ,

ti on of ) 68 151
Weath er 52 1 51
,

p p
o u l a ti on an d l an d . ,

a r ea o f, 93 B ur eau 1 51 ,

p opu l a ti on o f. 27, 62 ag s , 1 51
p p
o u l a tion 0 f the for etel li n g th e, 5 2

large cities an d Wed d in g an n iver s ar i es ,

tow n s, 2 8 15 3
Weigh t of h ay, 1 37
'

Weight o f m en an d w om
P r esi d en ts 97 . en 1 26
b b W
,

p u l i c d e t o f 1 0 1 . eigh ts an d m eas u r es ,

r a il r oa d s in 1 03 .
5
1 3
s tati s tics of p o p u l a We gh tsi ( h o u s e h o l d ) 6 4 ,

ti on by S tates , 1 2 5 Wel l s an d ci s ter n s ca ,

Th i r t een O r i g i n a l p a ci fy o f, 1 8
States , 62 Wel l s ar tes ian , 5
Wa
,

a dmi tted
.

wh en i nto h t t o d o i n e m er g en

th e U
n ion 62 , ci es , 1 5 6
w h en s ettl ed 62 . Wh is ky 1 77
U v Wil l s , 2 0 1
,

n i e r s i ty ex t e n s i o n 1 4 8 ,

U v
ni e r s it y s e t t l em en ts ,
Win e 1 77
Win e in d u s tr y, 74
,

I 49

Utopia, 1 49 W e
i r l es s te l eg p y
r a h 20 2 .

Wis e m e n o f G r ee ce . s e v

en. 1 08
Va ccin ation 1 49 .

V acu u m 1 50 ,

V a s el i n e . 177

Ven til ation 2 00 ,

Vomitin g 2 0 1 .

Vood oois m 1 50 s even. 1 09

Wool in du s tr y 203
.

Voter h ow to becom e . 64 ,

Wo k s o f m er cy
,

r . s even

Walking r ecor d s , 1 21 s p i r i tu a l, 1 08
 INDE X

Wo ld
r . l ang uag es oi , 67
. Woun ded . tr an s p orti n g
l ead in g ci ti es ( popu the, 1 99
l ation ) , 73
p r i n ci p a l cou n tr i es of
98 Yan kee 2 0 5
,

s even won d er s o f, 1 0 9 Yan kee Dood l e , 2 05

l arges t s team s h ip, 2 04 di s in fectin g, 1 68
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