10 // THE LOGIC OF ENGLISH ESSENTIALS - TEACHERS MANUAL

Optional: Plurals Practice

1. Complete 1.4 Extra Practice: Plurals Practice in the workbook. Answers for first column:
hat, map, cats, dogs, bed, bat, bag, beds, hand. Second column: cat, hats, legs, bat, dog, hands,
bats. VA

2. Practice writing the words in their plural form using oral dictation. AV
Phonograms:

Exploring Sounds:
Lesson 2

ck, ee, ng, th

Short and Long Vowels

2
Spelling Rules: 26
Dictation
Grammar: Adjectives
1.5 Dictation Read the phrase. Ask the students to repeat it aloud, then write it in their workbooks.
1. bad leg 3. fast cat 5. soft bed
2. last map 4. pink bag 6. last hat

PART ONE
Optional: Dictation
Materials Needed: Phonogram Flash Cards A-Z, ck , ee , ng , th ; Spelling Rule Cards 26, 11, and
1. Ask the students to use the phrases to create an oral story. CA 21; pennies to cover the Bingo Chart; 1 set of Phonogram Game Cards per student.

2. Dictate the phrases while the students write them on blank paper. The students may then
illustrate each phrase. CV Phonograms
New Phonograms ck, ee, ng, th
Composition Using the Phonogram Flash Cards, introduce the new phonograms and their sounds.

Read the phrases from your dictation aloud. Show ck . /k/ two-letter /k/

Notice the two words worked together. Now make up your own phrases aloud by combining the What do you notice about this phonogram? C and K both say /k/ and they are also work together
last five words in the list with the nouns. to say /k/.

1.6 Composition Write six phrases in your workbook. Show ee . // double // always says //

Show ng . /ng/

Show th . /th-TH/
Say /th/ and /TH/. How are they the same? My mouth is in the same position.
How are they different? /th/ is unvoiced and /TH/ is voiced.
This is a voiced and unvoiced pair.

Review
1. 2.1 Writing the Phonograms Ask the students to write each phonogram five times while saying
the sounds aloud.
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12 // THE LOGIC OF ENGLISH ESSENTIALS - TEACHERS MANUAL LESSON 2 // 13

2. Drill the phonograms with flash cards. Read the vowels again, but this time read only their second sounds.
Do you notice anything about the second sound said by each vowel? They say their names.
3. Play 2.2 Phonogram Bingo using A-Z and the new phonograms. When a vowel says its name, it is also called the long sound. In the dictionary, the long sound is
marked by drawing a line over the vowel.
4. 2.3 Phonogram Practice Dictate the phonograms to the students. The teacher should say the
sound(s) while the students write the correct phonogram. For extra practice, have the students read

back the sounds while you write the correct answers on the board.
1. y /y---/ 10. i /---y/ 19. ng /ng/ Read the long vowels.
2. ck /k/ two-letter /k/ 11. w /w/ 20. n /n/ 2.6 Long Vowels Write the long vowels with the dictionary marking in your workbook. As
3. h /h/ 12. x /ks/ 21. a /--/ you write them say their sounds.

4. t /t/ 13. r /r/ 22. c /k-s/

5. v /v/ 14. f /f/ 23. z /z/

Spelling Rules
6. th /th-TH/ 15. g /g-j/ 24. b /b/

7. m /m/ 16. j /j/ 25. qu /qu/ Rule 26: When to Use CK

8. o /--/ 17. ee // double //
2.7 Words That Use CK Read the words in your workbook aloud. The words will follow a
9. u /--oo-/ 18. e /-/ pattern. Raise your hand when you know the pattern.

deck rock tack

Exploring Sounds neck sock rack
Short and Long Vowel Sounds lick truck
tick luck
What is a vowel? A vowel is a sound that can be sustained and the mouth is opened.
What are the names of the single letter vowels? A, E, I, O, U, Y.
What do these words have in common? They all end in two-letter /k/.

Write them on the board. Underline the two-letter /k/.

aeiouy
deck rock tack
Ask the students to read all of the vowel sounds. /--/, /-/, /--/, /--/, /--oo-/, /--/ neck sock rack
lick truck
2.4 Vowels Write the single-letter vowels in your workbook.
tick luck
Notice all of the vowels make more than one sound.
The first sound is called the short sound. Do you notice anything about the vowels? They are all short vowel sounds.
Read only the first sounds of each of the vowels.
In the dictionary this sound is marked with a breve to show that the vowel is saying its short Draw a breve over each vowel.
sound. dck rck tck
nck sck rck

lck trck
Read the short vowels.
tck lck
2.5 Short Vowels Write the short vowels including the breve in your workbook. As you write
them say their sounds. This leads to the new spelling rule:
14 // THE LOGIC OF ENGLISH ESSENTIALS - TEACHERS MANUAL LESSON 2 // 15

Show the students the spelling rule card. Recite the rule three times.
Spelling Rule
CK is used only after a single vowel which says its short (first) sound.
Optional: Spelling Rule Practice
26
1. Quickly review spelling rules 11, 21, and 26 with the Spelling Rule Cards. AV
2. Create a reference page to remember this rule. Include sample words. CV

3. Ask the students to teach this to another student or to a parent. CVAK

2.8 Words That Do Not Use CK Read aloud the second group of words in your workbook.
4. The CK Game VAK
cheek Greek seek
t
Provide each student with a set of Phonogram Game Cards including: A-Z, ck, ee, ng,
creek week sleek and th.

t
Ask the students to sort the cards into: vowels, consonants, and multi-letter phonograms.
Why can we not use CK, two-letter /k/ to spell these words? The vowels all say their long sound.
(Also these words are not spelled with single vowels. Each of the vowel sounds is spelled with t
Direct the students to lay out their cards with a ___ a ck .
more than one letter.)
t
Ask the students to find consonant cards which complete the word.
Some of our words today will use two letter /k/. t
Switch the vowel to e , i . o , then u .
When is it used? only after a single, short vowel
Is it ever used at the beginning of the word? no t
Challenge the students to see how many words they can find that follow the pattern.
Is it ever used after a long vowel? no
t
Optional: Give them one point per word.

Some of the words in our spelling list today will use two letter /k/. Listen for a short vowel fol- back, black, block, brick, buck, deck, duck, flick, flock, jack, kick, lack, lick, lock, luck,
lowed by the sound /k/. This is the most common spelling of /k/ after a short vowel at the end of a muck, neck, nick, pack, pick, quack, quick, rack, rock, sack, shock, shuck, sick, slack, slick,
base word. smack, smock, snack, sock, speck, stick, stock, struck, suck, tack, track, truck, tuck, wick,
yuck

Optional: Spelling Journal AKV

Enter words which use the phonogram CK to spell /k/. PART T WO

Using Spelling List 2 on pages 16-17, dictate each word following the steps included on pages
Intro 42 - Intro 46.
16

17
# of Part of
Word Practice Sentence Say to Spell Markings Spelling Hints Vocabulary Development

"
Syllables Speech
:

Lesson 2
Part Two: Spelling Analysis-Word List

1. street The store is on Main Street. strt 1 street Underline //. All first sounds. N streets, backstreet, streetcar, streetlight, streetwise

suns, sunshine, sunny, sundown, sunrise, sunset,

2. sun The sun is setting. sn 1 sun All first sounds. N
sunburn, sundial, sunscreen, sunroof, suntan, sunup

3. pond The frog swam in the pond. pnd 1 pond All first sounds. N ponds

Underline /k/. 26 CK is used only after a single vowel which blacker, blackest, blacklist, blackjack, blackout,
4. black Wear black pants for the play. blk 1 black says its short sound.
Adj
blacktop

stronger, strongest, strongly, strongbox, stronghold,

5. strong The strong man lifted the heavy weight. strng 1 strong Underline /ng/. Adj
headstrong

6. string Tie the string on your finger. strng 1 string Underline /ng/. N strings, stringy, restring, stringless, unstring

greener, greenest, greenback, greenhorn, greenish,

7. green My green jacket ripped. grn 1 green Underline //. All first sounds. Adj
wintergreen

Underline /k/. 26 CK is used only after a single vowel which

8. truck The truck is driving on the road. trk 1 truck says its short sound.
N trucks, trucker, trucking, trucked

sicker, sickest, sickly, airsick, carsick, sickness,

Underline /k/. 26 CK is used only after a single vowel which
9. sick I feel sick. sk 1 sick says its short sound.
Adj homesick, seasick, lovesick, sicken, sickened, sickliest,
sicklier, sickroom

10. three Three dogs slept. thr 1 three Underline /th/. Underline //. All first sounds. Adj, (N) threefold, threepence, threescore

11. ten Ten children played. tn 1 ten All first sounds. Adj, (N) tens

longer, longest, longing, longhorn, longhouse,

12. long The long string is for the tent. lng 1 long Underline /ng/. All first sounds. Adj longitude, prolong, oblong, yearlong, sidelong,
longhand

13. path Stay on the path. pth 1 path Underline /th/. N paths

14. tree The big tree is bending in the wind. tr 1 tree Underline //. All first sounds. N trees, treed, treeless, treetop

Underline /k/. 26 CK is used only after a single vowel which rocks, rocked, rocking, rocker, bedrock, rockier,
15. rock I like to sit on the big rock. rk 1 rock says its short sound.
N, (V)
rockiest, rocky
18 // THE LOGIC OF ENGLISH ESSENTIALS - TEACHERS MANUAL LESSON 2 // 19

PART THREE Adjectives

Materials Needed: Grammar Card 2; red and blue colored pencils; stuffed animal. 1. Introduce adjectives.

Today we will learn a second part of speech.

An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun.
Grammar Close your eyes. Picture an apple. Now, picture a green apple. Green is describing the word apple.
Green is an adjective. Now, picture a tiny apple. Tiny is an adjective describing apple. Imagine a
Review cat. Now, imagine a fat cat. Fat is an adjective modifying cat.
What is a noun? A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
Green, tiny, and fat are all adjectives.
1. Review nouns by quickly asking the students to name persons, places, and things.
Hold up a stuffed animal.
2. Spelling List 2 Read todays spelling list and identify the nouns. Write a red N by each word
that is a noun. What words would you use to describe this stuffed animal? Answers will vary.
Important Teacher Information: Do not require the students to identify every possible part of speech.
2. Show Grammar Card 2. Recite the definition of an adjective together three times.
Many words can be used in multiple ways in a sentence. All the options are included for the teacher's
reference. The less common grammatical form is included in parenthesis. For example, in List 2, three is
Grammar Card 2 Adj
most commonly used as an adjective, but it may also be used as a noun, as in "The three written on the
board is too large." Parts of speech that have not yet been introduced will also be written in parenthesis. Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns.
For example, rock may be used as both a noun and a verb. Since verbs have not been introduced, V is Adjectives answer: What kind? How many? Which one? Whose?
written in parenthesis. The goal of these exercises is for the students to gain an understanding that words
have jobs in sentences. It is not to identify every possible job of every word. However, if the students
notice other ways a word can be used, affirm their observation. I will read a phrase to you. I want you to ask, What kind, to find the adjective.
black cat What kind of cat? Black. Black is an adjective modifying cat.
3. Review how to form plurals. fast runner What kind of runner? Fast. Fast is an adjective modifying runner.
beautiful girl What kind of girl? Beautiful. Beautiful is an adjective modifying girl.
street
How do I make street plural? Add -s. Now I want you to ask, "How many?"
five dolls How many dolls? Five. Five is an adjective modifying dolls.
street streets
six cats How many cats? Six. Six is an adjective modifying cats.
sixty bugs How many bugs? Sixty. Sixty is an adjective modifying bugs.
What is the rule we learned? To make a noun plural, add the ending -S unless the word hisses or
changes, then add -ES. Occasional nouns have no change or an irregular spelling.
Next, I will read a phrase and I want you to ask a question to find the adjective.
good food What kind of food? Good. Good is an adjective modifying food.
4. Spelling List 2 Direct the students to write the plural form of each noun on their spelling list.
broken table What kind of table? Broken. Broken is an adjective modifying table.
cold weather What kind of weather? Cold. Cold is an adjective modifying weather.

Optional: Plurals Practice

2.9 Extra Practice: Plurals Practice Write the plural for each picture in the work-
book. VA Answers: suns, trees, trucks, ponds, strings, rocks.
20 // THE LOGIC OF ENGLISH ESSENTIALS - TEACHERS MANUAL LESSON 2 // 21

3. Remind the students to use the plural form.

three rocks
I will write two phrases on the board with a mistake. When you find the mistake raise your hand.
What is the noun in this phrase? rocks
ten string three truck N
String and truck should be plural. You need to add an -S. three rocks
How many rocks? three, adjective
ten strings three trucks
Adj N
Be careful when using an adjective that tells how many. You will usually need to use the plural
three rocks
form of the noun.

4. Direct the students to read Spelling Lists 1 and 2 and find the adjectives.
long path
Spelling Lists 1 & 2 Identify the adjectives in Spelling Lists 1 and 2. Remember, adjectives
What is the noun in this phrase? path
are words which answer: What kind? Which one? How many? Whose?
Write a blue "Adj." next to words that are adjectives. N
long path
As each adjective is identified, ask the students to use it in a sentence.
What kind of path? long, adjective
Identifying Nouns and Adjectives
Adj N
big tree three rocks long path long path
2.10 Identifying Nouns and Adjectives I have written the phrases from your workbook on
the board. Read the phrases in your workbook. Label each of the nouns and adjectives in your
workbook while I label them on the board.
Optional: Spelling Cards

1. Dictate the words in Lesson 2 for the students to write on Spelling Word Cards. VKA
2. Sort the cards from Lessons 1 and 2 to find the nouns. VK
big tree
3. Color a red border around the nouns. VK
What is the noun in this phrase? tree
Label tree with an N for noun. 4. Explain that the rest of the words are adjectives, words that describe nouns. Color a blue
border around the adjectives. VK
N
big tree 5. Arrange the cards into short adjective-noun phrases. VK

What kind of tree? big, adjective

Label big with Adj.
Adj N
Dictation
big tree
2.11 Dictation Read the phrase. Tell the students to repeat it aloud, then write it in their workbooks.
1. three trees 5. ten rocks
2. last street 6. strong string
3. black truck
4. sick dog
22 //

Composition
THE LOGIC OF ENGLISH ESSENTIALS - TEACHERS MANUAL

Optional: Dictation

1. Use the phrases to create an oral story. CA

2. Dictate the phrases onto blank paper. Illustrate each phrase. AVC Phonograms:

Exploring Sounds:
Lesson 3

er, or, ea, sh

Syllables
3
Spelling Rule: 4
1. Direct the students to find adjectives and nouns from the spelling lists that work together. Compose
phrases orally.
Irregular Plurals
Grammar:
2. 2.12 Composition Direct the students to write six two-word phrases in their workbook using Non-Count Nouns
words from Lists 1 and 2.

Vocabulary Development PART ONE

Sometimes two words can be combined together to form a compound word. I will write two words Materials Needed: Phonogram Flash Cards from previous lessons plus er , or , ea , sh ; Spelling
on the board. Read each one, and then combine them together to form a compound word. I will Rule Card 4; Phonogram Game Cards.
then write the new word that is formed

sun + tan = suntan Phonograms

long + hand = longhand
New Phonograms er, or, ea, sh,
hand + spring = handspring
Using the Phonogram Flash Cards, introduce the new phonograms and their sounds.
sick + bed = sickbed
Show er . /er/, the /er/ of her
bed + sheet = bedsheet
Show or . /or/
sand + box = sandbox
What is the same between these two phonograms? They both have a vowel followed by an R.
2.13 Compound Words Complete the activity in your workbook. The /r/ sound is heard in both of them.

Show ea . /--/

Show sh . /sh/

Review
1. 3.1 Writing the Phonograms Ask the students to write each new phonogram five times while
saying the sounds aloud.

2. Drill the phonograms with flash cards.

3. Play Phonogram Snatch using the phonograms taught thus far. (The Phonogram and Spelling Game
Book, 8)
// 23