Professional Documents
Culture Documents
8-1980
Recommended Citation
Gerstle, James Gerard 1957-, "Fluidized bed drying." (1980). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 491.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18297/etd/491
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FLUIDIZED BED DRYING
By
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of the
University of Louisville
Speed Scientific School
as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Professional Degree
MASTER OF ENGINEERING
August 1980
FLUIDIZED BED DRYING
Submitted by:
James Gerard Gerstle
A Thesis Approved on
Date
Melvin J. t1aron
Jame\S c. Watters
ii
ACKNmVLEDGEMENTS
iii
ABSTRACT
gated.
and inlet air flow rate. The program was run for eight
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL PAGE.................................................................. ii
ABSTRACT.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................... v
RE-FERE-NCES C I T E D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
BIBLIOGRA.PHY. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
VITA. 149
vi
NOMENCLATURE
2
A area of particle available for drying, m
2
A bed surface area, m
s
-/
C specific heat of dry gas, cal/gm- o C
pL
d
n
particle diameter on screen n, m
d
p
particle diameter, m or ft
vii
2
diffusivity, cm /sec
2
g acceleration of gravity, 980 cm/(sec)
2 o
heat transfer coefficient, cal/cm -sec- c
viii
m empirical constant, unit1ess
total pressure, Pa
Q heat, ca1/sec
r radius of particle, m
ix
Re particle Reynolds number, dimensionless
t time, sec
Ti interfacial temperature, K
To reference temperature, K
TG gas temperature, K
x
Vg volume of gas, cm 3
3
vs volume of particles I m
z direction of diffusivity, cm
xi
GREEK LETTERS
e gas temperature, c
xii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE Page
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
2. GRID RESISTANCE ~ 13
xiv
I. INTRODUCTION
medium being hot gas. High heat and mass transfer rates
sensitive materials 3
I
2
size.
II. FLUIDIZATION
A. Fluidization Phenomena
4
5
~
1
I
I
I
___~~~~v 1
,',
. .. '.' .... : .' -'f'..
_. ... .. ..... 1
... ....
I
.' ,
.... :'.::<
; '.
.,
':1
I
.
.' , "
.. '. '.,
. .... :.1
,. ... . "., -.
... ': )1/
. ..... . ..... ..:::
: . . . . . . . . .' #
, , '
'.~
'1
1
1
____~~~~~~~Jv
I
I
...
,
.. ...
' . : 0.
..... I
. i "-
.. . "
I
..... 1
I
.. . .. .. .... ......
.'
'
'
'.' .' I
' ~
~
/
6
area within the bed. When the bed has a clearly defined
of the bed. When the height of the bed is greater than the
suitability, etc.
be vigorous.
screens:
dn ( 1)
r!let> n d n
dw = ( 2)
9
~= ( 3)
drag force of )
( fluidizing gas
=( weight of
particle
) (4 )
since
and
( 7)
where
W = weight of bed in kg
10
2
llP = pressure drop gm/cm
2
= cross-sectional area of container in cm
dimensionless
(8)
where
2 ~s d Ps - P g 3
u
mf = 1. 75p Pg
ge:
mf
Re > 1000
I
(9 )
11
1 - E
1
---""'"3 ~ 14 and -""'"2-...:;m;,:.;f~3 ,;; 11 (10)
CPs Emf CPs Emf
( 11)
dp(ps - Pg}g.
=
24.SPg- , Re > 1000 (12)
Equations (11) and (12) have been found accurate over a wide
range of Reynolds numbers with a standard deviation of
34%17. Leva 18 proposed the following correlation based
on gas mass velocity:
)}0.94
= 688 d 1.82 Pg Ps - P g ,
( 13)
p 0.88
11
where
3
p
s = particle density in lb/ft
~ = gas viscosity in centipoises
4g d (p - p ) ~
p s g (14)
/
b
ilP
o
u
Log liP
U
mf Log U
following equation:
(IS)
where
E = bed voidage
Vv = total volume of bed in m3
3
V = volume of particles in m
s
Z = hold-up of material in the dryer ,in kg
(16)
where
SA = cross-sec t '
~ona 1 area 0f th e .
equ~pmen t ;n m2
becomes
h
o
E = 1 -
h (17)
16
(18a)
noted that under run conditions the bed voidage will vary
A. Drying Periods
17
18
B. Psychrometric Considerations
'0
.-j
..-l
0
Ul
>t
I-l
'0
tJl
~ C
.........
(])
I-l
::s
+J
Ul
.-j
~
tJl
~
o Time
~
s
. 0
~
".
00
~
m C B
~
~
~
~
A
~
~
.~
~
~
0
~
0
~
~
m
~
o D
kg moisture/kg dry solid
0
s:: 0
0 ~
-r-!
+J
/1j
1-1
::s
+J
/1j OJ
en :>
1-1
o ::s
-r-! 0
+J
/1j
..0
/1j
-r-!
'0
< ~
<
::z::
C,)
C,)
H
OT ~
8
'~
0
::z::
C,)
:.t:: ~
CIl
'Ill
OJ
1-1 0
::s r.:I
+J 8
/1j
1-1
<
H
OJ :>
~ ~
OJ III
8
~
~
:::>
t!)
H
1%.1
in psychrometry.
Absolute humidity is the ratio of the mass of vapor
(19)
where
p
A
= partial pressure 'of water vapor at a given
temperature in pascals
P
t
= total pressure in pascals
M = molecular
A
weight of liquid in Kg/Kg mole
dry-bulb temperature.
curves assume that the system is 100% adiabatic and that the
23
tor plate, and then into the bed of solids. Each particle
A. Physical Characteristics
solids.
24
25
entrained fines
"
.
, .......
. ,
>' . .,' .
... ~ ,
----
" - ----------------
equipment requirements.
B. Particle Motion
in the reactor and plug flow of the gas phase were assumed.
of the gas phase has not been proven; in fact, this concept
28
fluidized bed dryer the solids are fed into the bed continu-
ously, but the assumption of plug flow of the gas phase (at
00
where
-
x = average moisture content in Kg moisture/Kg dry
material
36
For backmix flow of the sOlids :
E(t) = .!e-
T
t/T
( 21)
\
A C
Drying Gas
heat and mass transfer. Since the total surface area of the
di fferences .
Nu = b Rem (22)
and
n
Sh = c Re (23)
31
where
(24)
where
SA - cross-sectional area of the equipment in m2
C
pg
= specific heat of the gas in cal/gm - c
TGI = inlet gas temperature in c
8 = gas temperature in c
t = time in seconds
2
h = heat transfer coefficient in cal/cm - sec - c
g
IV
g = mass weight of gas in gm
following correlation:
cps ws
h (25 )
g
33
{.26 )
where
dp = particle diameter in cm
~ = gas viscosity in grn/cm-sec
K = gas thermal conductivity in cal/cm - sec c
Nu Pr (c W
Cps Ws
ps s + C pg Wg
) (27)
where
SA
Nu = A
Re Pr (28)
34
correlations:
(34)
where
3
= initial moisture content in g/cm
3
x2 = final moisture content in g/cm
x = moisture content
V = volume of gas in cm 3
g
V dx + V dx (35)
s g
3
where Vs is the solid volume in cm . Using equations (34)
SA Vs
Sh = lr Re Sc V + V (36)
S g
mass transfer:
47
Romankov and Lepilkin
5
Sh = 2.01 Re for 15 < Re < 250 (39)
dm
m = dt = -h A(T - T.)I)'.
g G 1. 1.
(40)
-----------
37
where
.
m = rate of evaporation of liquid from the solid
surface, k g/hr
2
A = area available for drying, m
T.1. = interfacial temperature, K
TG = gas temperature, K
A.1. = heat of vaporization at T i' kca1;kg
( 41)
xp (42)
s
3
where Ps is the dry density of the particles in kg/m
In differential terms, with respect to time, equa-
tion (42) becomes:
dm 4 3 dx ( 43)
dt = 3 fT r Ps dt
3 (44)
x = xl - r h (T G - T.)t
P Ai g:7 ].
s
dry solid.
(45)
2
where Vv is diffusivity in cm /sec and z is the direction of
6x I 2 2
x = ---
~2
exp(-~ Vvt/r) (46)
determined:
(47)
where
-t IT
x
2 = x (l - e c )
1
3T
t -t IT
r p >..0
hg{T G - TL2 ) {l - (-E.
T
+ 1) e c )
P 1.
+
'IT
2
6x
2l
TC r2VV + ~ )
ex{ (-~:2 Vv - ~) c] t ( 48)
(49)
where
G
s
= the air flow rate, Kg dry airlhr
------------------- -
40
TG2
HG2
Solids in
Ls
xl
TLI
HLI
Solids out
L
s
x2
TL2
HL2
Air in
(50)
where
solid
gas
( 51)
where
T
o = reference temperature, K
(52)
where
to be negligible 54
E. Summary
The fundamental concepts of fluidized bed drying
high heat and mass transfer rates, and the extremely good
43
44
dryer:
1) given data:
3
Solid inlet moisture content (xl' g/cm )
Solid inlet temperature (T , of)
L1
2) assumed data~
o
Inlet air temperature (TG1 , F)
where
G
G
s = 1 + Yl
(54)
~
OM
It!
!>i !>i
+J ~
oM '0
'0
0g tyl
,.!(
~ ..........
::r: ~
0
OJ Pl
+J It!
~ ~
r-I
0 ~
Ul OJ
+J
~ It!
~
01
. ------.-y 2
............
---+W1!
1 -------~i----------TII---->.~------i;l-O-O
l,:-'2=7-=--3--------I-
T
L2 G2 0 G1 ~
Temperature ( K) I.Jl
FIGURE 10. THE PSYCHOMETRIC CHART AS USED FOR DETERMINING OPERATING TEMPERATURES
46
(with Q in BTU/sec) :
( 55)
determined from:
Q
l
= Ls (x 1 - x )
2
A
0
(58 )
(59)
Q
3
= L s (C ps ) (T L2 - T )
0
(60)
is (in BTU/hr) :
(61)
48
QS =Q - Q4 (62)
(63)
program FLUID:
49
equations:
0
2) Thermal conductivity in BTU/ft-sec- P:
K = ~(C
pg
+ 2.48/28.8) (65)
(66)
Re = (d u P ) /ll (67)
P s
Ar (69)
50
(70)
printed.
HEAT, lines 60, 70, 80, 520 and 530 should be considered
140, 1030, 1380, 1390 and 1400 may require change. The
made.
operating points.
The harmonic mean diameter was used for the diameter (see
and packed bed height, the grid surface area was estimated
51
52
TABLE I
SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS FOR PROGRAM RUNS
Solid
Data Sol ids Flow ~Ioi stureContent Conments
Set Rate kg/sec Inlet - Outiet
kg H20/kg dry solid
1 1.27 0.5624 0.0446 3 Gas Flow Rates
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
2 1.27 0.5624 0.02041 3 Gas Flow Rates
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
3 1. 27 0.4705 0.0446 3 Gas Flow Rates
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
4 1.27 0.6667 0.0446 3 Gas Flow Rates
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
5 1.58 0.5625 0.0446 3 Gas Flow Rates
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
6 1.89 0.5625 0.0446 3 Gas Flow Ra tes
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
7 1. 58 0.5625 0.0446 6 Gas Flow Rates
based on 6. T of
Data Set 1
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
, 8 1.89 0.5625 0.0446 6 Gas Flow Rates
based on 6.T of
Data Set 1
2 Air Humidities
3 Air Temperatures
53
TABLE II
10 40
20 82
30 92 ..
60 97
80 99+
@ 100 0 F (37.8 C)
@ 92 of (33 C)
54
TABLE II (continued)
(1.27-1.52 m/sec)
and 21.7 m3 /sec) used, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 per cent heat loss
be determined.
.....
:~t'Ilmi!1 ~ 1- -- L cli llm_ _ -- - i' I ~llj_.llll - ~- '- T ~ll]T 1-1'111
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10 I . .. .... 1111 111 . ... 1 t
o 1.0 2.0 3.0
Bed ,Height (m)
H
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I I i 4-1 I Data Set 7
Set 6 IHi!i
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t l lfll l ltl~ l nl~I~+1i l+I-I+f-f-Hf-lrj~tftml H. t' -. .IIJ /IW m-. . Data Set 8 II
10 1f+ll
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1.0
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1111
3.0
lJ
Bed Height (rn)
FIGURE 14. COHPARISON OF DATA SETS HITH
Ul ,
Y1 = .0214 kg/kg AND TG1 = 377.4 \.0
"Illf - - - ~ __ -- - H,'U, li_ - :--- ~ _: il llf-~ 11111 - - 1t' llf'lrn!:I :il'
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. ". . 111111! i l l :
Iii ~lil'. .' -- - ~I lU11-y _ I I _ :_
...-/
,:t!
III - I 0 Data Set 5 i,l'I]:
- - -
_
-
'
-
11'
f_
j, i
-I'c~ ft.
I !)i ill
I
.
Data Set 6
Data Set 7 ~*
"il
_ - - - - _ IJ IWI -: - 11 !.~'1 1 1t ~I l- . I Data Set 8 fill
-- Im~ HWtmtllmm!dUtilll~llfl
.
f " .. - . 1: Il'i .
10 + - -
_ _ -
In ' Jill
I -
:q ltll n. :- -
I
o 1.0
Bed Height (m)
2.0 3.0
- -
- - ~ ~
WI I'
~ f 1,
-
.-
11 11 -
-
1
- ~~ - ~ ILI Wt II 111j
t I! II
- r -
-
-
II) . -'
.- - --! ~ I i1J
. " r t -r _' 1t J
~
.. ..
~
- . :"\: fj;
I i I
~
30
~-
- 1
.. - - - "l- .
-
'll
~
-
-
0
Q) - . - - - ), -- -
-
CIl -
- -
- I - -
r
1
..........
H
. ,-j
rei
- -
-
- - .
-
.' 1, .1 ~
Ijl,I 1,1. +.
-
- ... - Ij iJ .
- I
t +f-
'
-
-
t
- II ! - .t II :II !
ro
:>t
H -
:.
. .J ~
.fr w'I.-'
-. - JII ! ~.'ill- I i . -
. _. - ~
.J
. Uiii
lit m
I"
~
b
Q)
+J 20
1
..
-
~
- . --
.
.'~
-
I
"
.~
. II!'!Yr: ',.
i
1]111 ";) .
~ j-~ 1+ ,
i
- . ,t rI ,,' ;',
I
I' I I .. .~~
:
'1 ~ , . .
.
"
'*
I
-' i
, q I II
~ t
!
II
,
.
II I I rl 'IT 'ij
. 1 ,. I I 1 I
I, 1 i I (
~-
~
-
I
..--i
~ ~I
-
-- .~ Iili ~~.
M - ~t1j tf[T" .- H_~ -II t"'~H,; lll_, 1l~! t ~ 0 Data Set 1 'i~lilI
4 lin
111.. 3
~
IGll! " i .
1. 6 .I'r
1
7 j11
I . _ " 0 Data
Data
Data
Set
Set
Set
,
- ~ _ -- 11 i 4iJ . -. -i! lln:~. $ _ 8 Ij I Data Set
0
--
10 - -
lower flow rates. The curve that forms at high air flow
flow rates.
Table III - for this reason data set 2 was not included in
the packed bed height is increased. The air flow rate with
TABLE I II
VARIATIONS OF EXPANDED BED HEIGHT (in meters)
BE~AEEN RUNS AND DATA SETS
Data Set
Run 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
particles is likely.
solid input, the expanded bed height was greater than the
the outlet air will be hotter; thus the density of the air
solids. The flash dryer could supply the fluid bed dryer
through the
../
experimental trials.
.
To date, an adequate
study such as this has not been published, and the design
and-error calculations.
VII. CONCLUSIONS
study:
67
VIII. RECOMHENDATIONS
68
REFERENCES CITED
4. Vanecek, p. 35.
5. Williams-Gardner, p. 181.
6. Nonhebel, p. 212.
9. Kunii, p. 3.
10. Kunii, p. 9.
12. Kunii, p. 3.
13. Kunii, p. 3.
69
70
72
73
SAl~LE CALCULATION
74
75
SAMPLE CALCULATION
Screen d
p
(in) dn (in) L\<Pn L\<Pndh
Meshes
.08937
dw =
.986
= 0.09064 in = 0.0075532 ft
(0.0023 m)
Nu = a ( Re) 1. 1 7
h
= Q SA
g
TG A
= 7.90
= 268.2
7.90
a =
(268.2)1.17
= 0.0114
77
A. 1) d
p
= 0.007553 ft
SA = 240658 ft2
Cps = .5 BTU/lb
3
Ps = 21.3 lb/ft
u
mf
= 200 ft/sec
C = 0.242 BTU/lb _ of
pg
Pg = 0.0686 lb/ft 3
)J = 0.0527 lb/ft - hr
TLI = 100 of
2) TGI = 240 of
G = 44000 scfm
78
L = 6453 1b dry/hr
s
211765 1b/hr
c. Gs = (1 + .0214) = 207328 1b BDA/hr (54)
6453 1b BDS 1b H O
2
Y2 = 207328 .0446)
Ib BDA (.5624 - 1b BDS
(53)
BTU/1b BDA
= 3465000 BTU/hr
1b H2 O
Q = (6453 1b hr
BDS) ( 5624 _ .0446)
(59)
2 1b BDS
BTU 0
(.45 Ib H 0) (169.1 - 100) F
2
= 103900 BTU/hr
= 22580 BTU/hr
79
Q
4 = (346500 + 103900 + 22580) BTUjhr ( 61)
= 0.0212
F. b) 1. p
g
= 1/( (.703(95.83) + 336)
. (1/29 + .02946/18) )
3
= 0.0686 1b/ft
BTU
2. K = 0.0527 1b/ft-hr ( .24 + 2.48)
28:8 1b OF
= 0.0172 BTU/hr-ft- F
(211765 1b/hr) (1 hr/60 min)
c) u = (66)
3
( 20 1 9 7 f t) (0. 0 6 8 6 1b / f t )
= 150.2
e) h =0
g'
0114 (.0172 BTU/hr-ft- F)
(0.00755 ft)
(150.2) 1.17
( 68)
= 9.14 BTU/hr-oF (4.85 J/sec-K)
80
f) Ar = (3 2 . 1 7 1b - f t ) ( 0 0 7 5 5 f t) 3 (69)
Ib-sec
= 94100
g) e: = (94100)-21 (18(150.2) + .35(150.2)2)0.21
= 0.63
= 4.1 ft (1.25 m)
APPENDIX B
81
82
LI:;
r:EAT
10 DIM AC181,BC18],CC18],DC18J
20 REM****~****JIM GERSTLE********21 FEB'80
30 REt1 25 FEB
40 MAT READ A,B,C
50 N=l
60 L1 =645:3
70 Xl=.5/;..Z4
80 .-X2=. '~44{~
90 T1=100
100 FOR G2=42000. TO 46000. STEP 2000
110 G=(GZ*60)/({1/Z8.8)*491.7*.730Z1
120 FOR Y1=.~Vl TO .0214 STEP .0204
130 FOR 0=1 TO 3
141'9 Gl=G/(Y1+lI
150 Y2=(Ll/Gll*(Xl-Xl)+Yl
1613 PRINT
170 PRINT
1:30 PlUtH" G2=",G2
Yl=/I,Yl," Y2=",Y2
Z'~0 T3=",ACNJ," Tl=",F;[N]
210 PRINT
2Zizj PRINT "T4","GI IN","GI REGI","Q LOSS","i~ LOSS"
230 CCNJ::CCNj-Z
2~0 F:::R ~1 = ~ 70 5
250 H3=(.24~.45*Yl)*(ACN]-321+1Z75.8*Yl
260 H5=(.24+.45*Yl)*(CCNJ-32)+1075.8iYl
270 REM HEAT FROM AIR
290 ~EM Q TO EVA? H20
300 Q:=Ll"X~-XZ)*1037.1
310 ~EM Q TO HEAT H20
320 QZ=Ll*(Xl-XZ)I.45*(C[N]-lJ3)
330 RE~ Q Te HEAT SOLID
340 J3=L1*(.51.:srNl-100)
:;;50 REt1 TOTAL I)
:;;60 1)4=1)1+GZ+,)3
370 REM HEAT LOSS
380 DCNJ=Q-24
390 REM PER CENT HEAT LOSS
400 Q6=DCNJ/Q*100
410 PRINT C:NJ,Q,Q4,DCN1,Qb
420 CCN1=CCN]+1
430 N:xr t1
441 N=N+~
450 NEX7 I)
460 NEXT Y 1
471 NEXi GZ
4:::0 DATA 220,Z40,2b3,Z2J,240,260, ~j, 2,S,;
4'ia DATA Z20IZ~01:60,2ZJ,Z40,260, 1 t ::;;"0
500 I;r=1T:t G9,9St9~.S,104,lJ711C9,8 I !:':'"
i j . _,
83
84
RUN
HEAT
CZ= 4Z000.
Yl= .001 YZ" 1.7S4~SE-02
T3= ZZ0 T2= 89
CZ- 4Z000.
U= .001 YZ 1.754e-5E-02
T3,. 240 TZ- 93
GZ= 42009.1.
Y1= .001 Y2= 1.75465E-02
T3= Zb0 T2= 96.S
C2= 42000.
Yl= .0Z14 Y2= 3.82837E-02
T3= 229.1 TZ= HJ4
C2= 42000.
Yl= .0214 YZ= 3.82837E-02
T'3= 249.1 T2= 107
C4= 42000.
Yl: .0214 Y2= 3.82837E-02
T3= Z6kJ T2= 109
C2" 441i11i11i1.
Yl- iii iii 1 Y2- 1.67944E-02
T3= 220 T2= 89
CZ" 440010.
yt- .001 Y2- 1.67944E-0Z
T3= Z40 TZ- 93
GZ= 44000.
Yl" o iii 1 yz= 1.67944E-02
T3" Z6121 TZ" 96.5
14 a IN a REO a lOSS % llns
18'1 3.61163E+06 3.58786E+06 23775 .65:::Z9
19~J 3.56076E+06 :3.58936E+06 -28596 -.812131086
191 3. 5Wi'i89E +06 3.59086E+06 -810969.5 -2 .. 3(3689
192 3.459133E+@6 3.59237E+@6 -133340. -3.85486
193 3.40816E+Wi6 3.59387E+w6 -185711. -5.44903
GZ= 44(11)(11
Yl= 10214 Y2- 3.75163E-0Z
T3" ZZ0 TZ" 104
14 Q IN a REO a lOSS % lOSS
149 - - 3 ."7463E+@6 3.5'5191E+06 122719. 3 .. 33-:;:',~4
150 3.~... ::B7E+06 :3.55341+06 694'39.5 1.'Y17Z5
151 3.5711<:E+06 3.55492E+06 16;:~il .45.3667
152 3 .. 51'y:36E .0~, :.3 .. 5S,~42E+06 -3705B.5 -1.05299
153 3.46761E+06 3.55793E+06 -9@316.5 -Z.,~045S
C2= 44O"'O.
Yl= .121214 YZ= 3.75163E-02
T3= Z4i3 TZ= 1"7
14 Q IN a REa a lOSS % LOSS
172.- 3.5193,~E+Wi6 3.59617E+"6 -761310. -Z.U;)25
173 3.4~J761E+06 :3 .. 5't 7.';,8[+136 -13@"68. -3.75096
174 3.41585E+06 3.59918E+06 -1833~:3. -5.36~.98
175 3.36410E+iil6 :3 .. 60fJ68E +06 - Z3c.5;~.~ .. -7.10:3267
176 3.31Z34E+106 3.6121219E+",~ -289846. -8.75<148
GZ= 44000.
Yl: .0Z14 YZ= 3. 7516:~E-0Z
T3= ZU) TZ= 11219
T4 a IN I) REQ Gl LOSS % lOS':;
190 3.62Z87E+@6 :3.6.Z969E+06 -6817.5 - .18:::179
191 3.5711:::E+06 '3.:'31:'JE 4 Io6 -60076 -1.,~8Z::7
192 :3. 519:3~E.13b '3. 6'::270E+0,~ -11'3335. -3.:ZC~4
193 ... --"--' :3.467!jlE+06 :3. 634Zi-'JE+06 - 16659'3. -4. 8i~':Z.8
194 3. 41~i85E+e16 3.,~3571E+06 -219853. -6.4:3625
86
CZ- 46000.
Y1= .001 YZ 1.61077E-0Z
T3- ZZ0 TZ- 89
CZ- 46000.
U- .011Jl fZ- 1.61077E-IilZ
T3" Z4tiJ TZ- 93
C2= 4b000.
U= .001 Y2= 1.b1077E-0Z
T3" Zb0 T2= 96.5
CZ= 4b000.
Vl= .0214 f2= 3.681S6E-02
T3= ZZ0 TZs 104
CZ= 4M'00.
H= .0Z14 fZ= 3.681S6E-02
T3= Z40 TZ= U7
GZ= 46000.
YI= .0214 Y2= 3.681S6E-02
T3= Z60 TZ= 109
DONE
APPENDIX D
87
88
LIS
FLUID
10 DIM AC18],B[18],CCI8],D(18J
20 DIM C6]
30 REM*********JIM GERSTLE********Zl FEB'80
40 REM
50 REM 25 FEB,l MAR
60 REi1 1:3 t1AR
70 REM
80 MAT READ A,B,C
90 t1AT RE1~D E
100 W=l
1 H! N= 1
120 L1 =645:3
130 Xl=.S'24
140 X2=.0446
150 T0= U~0
160 L0::1037.1
170 D=7.55325[-03
1:30 A=Z40,~5:3.
190 Al=Z01.97
200 Cl=(G.9+2.084E-04*A[N]+Z.429E-07*A[~]IA~N~)/Z8.8
2:0 C2=1
ZZ0 C:;=. 5
230 T1=10f;
240 FOR P=1 TO 3
250 FOR Y1=.001 TO .0214 STEP .0204
260 FO~ 0=1 TO 3
270 C2=E(W]
280 C=(C2*60)/I/Z8.81*491.7*.73021
290 REM CONVERT TO S. I. UNITS
300 G6~C2*4.71?47E-04
310 . T8=5/9*(A[~J-3Z)+273
320 T7=5/9*(B[NJ-8Z)+Z73
330 REM CALC BO~E DRY AIR IN
340 Gl=G/(Y1+1)
350 REM MOISTURE CONTE~T OF AIR OUT
360 YZ=(LI/Gl'*(Xl-XZ)+Yl
370 PRINT
3;30 PRINT II RUN",N
390 P:\INT
400 PF; :NT II G2="iC2
410 PRINT" (" iG6 i ") II
5Q0 (j==Gl*(H:3-i-!S)
550 R:~ Q TO EVAP HZO
560 Ql=Ll*(Xl-XZ'*1037.1
570 REM Q TO HEAT H20
58J Q2=L11(XI-XZ)*.45*(C(~J-100)
5 'J ~j F,:::1
ClTO 1: EAT L: D
~; I)
600 Q3=Ll*(.51*(S(N]-100)
89
1190 PRINT
1200 PRINT "FLUID VEL","REYNOLDS ~JO","H T COEFF","HEAT TRANS",
12.10 PRINT Ul,Rl,H,Q7,Q8
1220 PR rr"T 11 (U ; Z4; II) I, , II I I , II (It; Z5; ") " , 11 (U ; Z6; II) &I
1230 PRINT
1240 PRINT "ARCHIMEDES NO","E:ED VOIDAGE","PACKED HEIGHT","EXPAN.DED
1250 prnNT A2.,E,BI,B1
12.60 PRINT" ",tI 11,1I(";Z7;")II,II{"iZ8;tI)11
1270 PRINT
12:30 PRINT "******************************************************
12.90 N=i":+l
130~.! NEXT 0
1:3H;1 W=W+l
13~~::j NEXT Yl
1 :3:::G i~CXT I"
1340 DA7~ 220,240,260,22.0,240,26C,22.0,240,2&0
1:350 GATA 2.20,240,Z60,220,240,2~0,~2Z,240,Z60
13,:.;;; DATA 89,93,9b.5,lJ4,:C7,109,89,93,96.5
1370 DATA 104,107,109,89,93,96.5,104,107,109
1:3:30 DATA 146.4,165.3,1:3~.Z,146.7,165.8,184.6,1~9.7,168.6,187.5
1390 DATA 149.9,169.1,188,15Z.6,171.5,190.6,15Z.9,17Z.1,1~:
14(:;;0 DATA 52Z0V.,5Z000.,54500.,54600.,57000.,57100.
1410 END
APPENDIX E
91
92
TABLE IV
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 1
TABLE V
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 2
L = 1.27 Kg/sec 0
xl = 0.5624 Kg/Kg
T1 = 310.8 K
L1 = 0.813 Kg/sec x2 = 0.02041 Kg/Kg
TABLE VI
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 3
TABLE VII
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 4
TABLE VI II
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 5
TABLE IX
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 6
TABLE X
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 7
TABLE XI
INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DATA SET 8
L = 1. 89 Kg/sec xl = 0.5625
T1 = 310.8 OK
L1 = 1.21 Kg/sec x2 = 0.4493
TABLE XII
THE UNITS FOR THE PROGRAM FLUID RUNS
T3 = of T4 = of
( K) ( K)
RUN
FLUID;:
RUN
GZ= 4200".
! 19.8210
Yl= .,HH Y2= 1.7546SE-02
Xl: .56':4 X2= .0446
-'T3= 220 T2: 89
( 377.44.4 ( 304.667
RUN
GZ= 4:0~:0.
( 19.821:3
Yi= .,;;01 Y2= 1.7~465~-0~
XZ= .1446
( 3;),;'.889
74 Q IN Q R
..... .... -, .-.
Ie" ''"1
... ::.t.J.';"
7.7 .
\
-.
'- j
-:.." -..,
.....
-
.0"_
....
. . . . . .~ I
~ .-
'." ..I
RU:II
GZ= 42;:J~i.
, 19.:321G
'i'l= .J~l
Xl.:
T2= 'n.::
, ~--
'::.7141.::
l~ ~
'"
::. ~. '.1 ...... ..1 . ' _ .'/'.1
! ~
; ::'7.35'-' {
I "..-"",\
.. t.J' '.I .. '.
... .
,
\
......
....
'--
..... .., ..
0-
'-..~
'T, . . .~
.
;3. ,~'~';~
~
7\'
.,,-.,
- ".";';'-',1.
,
"~.:,:.:.,!,.'.
"~,,....
!
',- ..........,r- -
11'... , ... , ,'- 1. ...:..:. :
-,
~ 0,.1 [:Ei:, 1,,'.: r :,:,~.C r v:- (, , .......
... 1\,
-
... _ ...
~
RUN 4
---C2= 42000.
( 19.8218
Yl: .0214
{ .457: ( 1.19738
.5
n= .0:'1'; Y2=
x~ =
T:= Z~~ T2' lC7
, :::::;:J. ::Sl.. { .'J 14. :"67
.H Q LG':;S
16tj.C ::.6,S~,:"7CtG~ 7S,3~0.
( Jt;7 .:~:J3 ( 1::74.27 t ,'"! t"'. 4 ~
.. &;.I . . . . . . . ".,
( 1'1 .8~U;;
Yl= Y::= :. CZ:~:7~-~:
Xl= X2=
1 (1 '1
( -:15.778
T4 :~ LC~;:;
~ ': ~ "~ :;.... :':, -
...
~...,'='
I"..J
....
/
1
...
RUN 7
CZ;" 44000.
( 20.7657
Yl= .001
, :";).7657
'(1= .,301
.J~46
T3= :.~~
( :Jr;C.~5b ~ 32J.~.889
;'_U!D \,'[L
.'='''''! """'.""11
_.J ... a J
~ c: '=1 1"' -.'
.. ; . . , . " ' / . J ;.19~'~.:,
-.. ;:- .-
.J ... .J "t: J
~
"
Ar\CHI~1:D~:~
'1575','.5
NO BEE VO:EACE
..., .
J .-,~,
..,~~.:J,
.... .., .
..J
~
EXC'MlDE:' H:::rCHT
( ,.1572
RUN 9
~ ZG.76'S7
Yl= .i~Gl
T~= Z:1~0
.,.,.-
--
( 3''i?/;,/'''7
T4 I) I Q RSa Q LOSS
:.:.7. :3 ::.7747,:
( .:~ -;" :":'7 :CS0.~: : Z.? '78'74
H:"r;r TR;"~J'~
~.
I.
~,.., -
..... .:"
,,"v _"-"..1 , .j:S:':.":~ C6
I
\
~
.. "
-,
~
4 "'.
..... ' L;.J
,..,
( 4, S~S.:';' , :: 1:: . I. _ ~
- -r" ....
.. 10. ... ..., -' J ... ~ "" '-I I .." ....
104
R1JN 10
cz= 44000.
( Z0.7657
Y1= .0il::14 Y2= 3.7516.3E-02
RUN 11
ARCHrM~tES
9413?7
NO BED VCln~GE
.63~907
.
PACKED
J
( 4 ':in
~
HErCHT t:XP;t~~:;E0
4.10854
( 1.4:5::8
i-iErGi:r
RUN 12
C2= 440<:0.
( 20.7/./57
--Yl= .;)214
T4 Q IN I) t;:::,) Q LOSS
~. ,::':.:':.i::'[+:Jb 9:'7J<1.5
1;: 'S.::. f.; .. ( :',. ~ 1 :::.::
( 1 .:::,.,,:;7
;'~\':
,:.~
r1: ,.~;:,:: ~~.
.; ~ 0:,1 .:, 'J ~ " _ ~ I
. . - ..
.... . - --
( l.':' c.., ..
105
RIJN 13
C2= 46000.
( 21.7096
Y1= .001
( .4572
<:
EX?Ai';DED HEIGHT
4. ! 454
RIJN 14
GZ= 4~000.
( t:.!. 7;;'16
v:= .'~01
H T C,:;EFF ;: Tn;; . :
.... --. i e
. . ..:..'- . ~ .l.J 9.6'7'J7:: .:: :)6'7::';'
{ 1.:;:;;: :;,~ , :;;.1! 189
"UN 15
( '21. U.l96
Yl= .001
Xl = It:'
"Jv4,'"
- . .-
T4 Gi I ~J % LC s~;
i.. 7':: 1 : ..:
l'lU~D VE~
.. ., .' ... ,..,.. ..... . .
. .-._-.- ::. .
"":'" ''''~_., - - , - , i .-.
.z. 7 J ...:.:.: ' (:," ,'I.J _ J J '.' ~ ~
,
\ . . . . . , _'t-.
RUN 16
C2= 46000.
( 21.79/,
U= .0214 Y2= 3.68156E-liZ
RUN 17
C2= 46000.
( 21.7a9!"
Y2= 3.68156E-02
T4 a IN a LOSS 7. LO';:;;
In.l 3.~739ZE+06 77S9~.
5 2.1121 ;"
( 1076.68 ( 1()5~.94 { Zi:.741:
~UN lS
C2= 4.,.000.
( 21.7;]96
n= .;9214 Y2= J.681%E-0::
Xl= .56Z4
T4 i. LOSS
3.72344[+;).:' ,.... -"-.{ ....
10::47. . . . { ';"..I'J
( 10':;4.1:::
RUt,
FLU!D::
RUN
--- GZ" 42000.
( 19.:3U:~
Yl: .01il1 YZ= 1.83195E-02
RUN Z
C;2= 42~0~.
( l'7.i~ZlB
Yl= .0.,1
..-.-." I. 1'\1-1,,,
.
\.
~ - .... , -....
..... . . ."J'"
14: .::;~ 7 ."'\
'";J. I
( ';.5i575
"",
.~ .......
RUN
GZ= 4:.;00.
Hz .001
I:z.= 96.5
Gt I i-J
-,< -,.-,
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