10th Sept 2007

Lesson 1

 Horváth Marika + Rátkai  TO-s nénik

 Felelős: Zsinka
 Vizsga: teszt  utolsó órán
 Poli tanszék: 3. emelet, 321. F. Bede Katalin
 Titkár: Kelemenné Lipták Ildikó

Tematika:
 Geography
 Fine Arts
 London
 History
 Music, Films
 Literature
 Victorian Architecture
 Britishness
 Oxbridge (education system)
 Religion, holidays
 Politics
 The Crown

Könyvek
 Kiadók (publishing houses): Oxford, Cambridge, Longman
 Morgan: History
 Britain – James O. Driscoll (Oxford)
 (Britain in lose up – Longman)
 Union Jack…
…consists of:

St. George Cross (England)

St. Andrew cross (Scotland)

St. Patrick cross (Ireland)

 Britain (GB) + Northern Ireland = UK
 GB: England + Scotland + Wales
 British Commonwealth  The British Isles  GB  England
o Commonwealth: Australia, New-Zealand, Canada, Kenya
 Capitals:
o Scorland: Edinburgh (biggest city: Glasgow)
o Wales: Cardiff
o Northern Ireland: Belfast
o Republic of Ireland: Dublin
 The Church of England – Establishment
o Eton: gazdagok sulija
 o Max Weber: A protestáns etika és a kapitalizmus szelleme
 Prime minister: Gordon Brown (labour party)
 Blair: had to leave because of:
o Iraq, Afghanistan
o Embazzlement = sikkasztás (bribery: vesztegetés, black mail:
fenyegetés), forge: hamisítás
o War, money, woman
 Denis Thatcher (Dennis the Menace = Dennis, a komisz)
 Margaret Thatcher: Iron lady: makró javításért pár csoportot tönkretett
(munkást)
 Elizabeth II. (Born in 1926, 21 April)
o Her husband: Philip (Prince of Edinburgh)
o Her sons and daughters: Charles (Prince of Wales – Camilla:
duchess of Congo); Anne; Andrew (Prince of York); Edward
o Charles has got two sons: Henry and William and two daughters
 Constitutional Monarchy
 Gentlemen agreement, tradition
 Tax cut: adócsökkentés
 Shakespeare: Comedy of Errors, The storm
 Beatles (beat, beat, beaten): John Lennon (wife: Yoko Ono), Paul
McCarthny, Ringo Starr, George Harrison
 Elton John
 Sir Sean Connery – 1st James Bond
 Land Rover
 Barberry – clothes (távol-keleti lányok hordják – sötétbarna, fehér,
homokszín D-Korea)
 Uptown ember (felső kaszt), downtown hely
 Anthem: God Save the Queen
 Wedding: bride and groom
o Something old (csipke – lace), new (everything), borrowed (lace
handkerchief), blue (garter = harisnyakötő), 6 pence in shoes
 Mind the gap: Underground London (régi, lyukas)
 Tea (Chinese, Indian, kenyian):
o Working class: after dinner
o Upper class: before dinner
 Harrod’s – Department store: first moving escalator (mozgólépcső)
 Citizenship vs. Nationality
 FTSE – London Stock Exchange (Financial Times Stock Exchange)
 Gaol = jail
17th Sept 2007
Lesson 2

Political system

o Henry VIII.’s wives: Kathaline of Spain – divorced (Bloody Mary’s mother),

Anne Boleyn – beheaded (Elizabeth I.’s mother), Jane Seymour – died after
giving birth to Edward, Anna of Cleves – divorced, Kathryn Howard –
beheaded, Katherine Parr – survived)
o Barbour – wax coat, hat (riding, golf) – dark green
o Callaway – golf cups, sport’s brand
o Marks & Spencer – clothes – sell only
o Multi- ejtsd málti
o Accent (idegen nyelvben) vs. Dialect (egy országon belül)
o The Queen’s English: “BBC”
o Glottal stop: levegővételi szünet beszéd közben
o UK: EU-country
o UK, Sweden, Denmark: no euro
o Irish nem volt benne a 15 hivatalos nyelvben
o Humor: Mr. Bean, Benny Hill, Monthy Pyton

o Gordon Brown: prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
o 10 Downing Street – miniszterelnök itt lakik
o left wing vs. right wing
o left wing:
  GB: labour party (US: labor), Gordon Brown, Tony Blair, the 3rd
way by Anthony Giddens, he is the president of London School
of Economics)
 USA: democrats (Clinton)
 HUN: socialists
o Right wing
 Tax cut (pl. Bush: less money for the social services)
 Globalisation – world trend
 GB: conservative, John Major, Margareth Thatcher (macro
indeces emelkednek = infláció, nála az unemployment is nő)
 Thatcher a Trade Unionokat is szétverte, komplett indusztriális
szektorokat tett tönkre
 USA: republican – Bush, Reagan (pont, mint Thatcher)
 HUN: Fidesz
o Thatcher: privatisation – electricity, gas, telephone (nálunk: E-on német,
GDF /gáz/ francia, T-Com német)
o 2001. Sept.: Jet-struck
o with USA: baszk (ETA) “terroristák”, British, Spain, Poland
o against Iraq: France, Germany, Russia
o IRA: Irish Republican Army
o ‘In the name of my father’ – film
o Belfast, London: robbantások, conflicts
o Sponsored by USA – irish community (St. Patrick’s Day – national
holiday, wear green!)
o Datum: data
o The Brown-administration
o Rt Hon = Right Honourable
o Prime Minister, 1st Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the civil
services (soldiers, money)
o Chancellor of the Exchequer no2 (angolban a miniszter és a rector
egyházi méltóságok)
o Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
o Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Cancellor
o Secretary of State for the Home Department
o Secretary of State for Defence; and Secretary of State for Scotland
o S. of S. for Health
o ---//--- for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
o ---//--- for International Development
o ---//--- for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
o Leader of the House of Commons
o Attorney General: igazságügyminiszter
o Prosecution:vád
o Solicitor (védőügyvéd)  prosecutor (ügyész)
 my learned collegue  így szólítják egymást
o 26th Sept 2007
Lesson 3

IRA – Irish Republican Armi

Labour vs. conservative
 Thatcher
 Major: conservative
 Blair: labour
 Browne: labour

Elizabeth II. 81 years old

 Her father was George VI., his brother was Edward the VIII. Was the
duke of Windsor and married Mrs. Simpson
 Flag: Union Jack
 Her birthday: the only natonal holiday (In UK: first, second or third
Saturday of June  Trooping the Colour)
 1992: annus horribilis for her
o Charles (the eldest son) divorced
o Andrew divorced
o Her sons and daughters:
1. Charles
2. Anna
3. Andrew
4. Edward
o Her husband: Phillip

Gordon Brown-administration
 His cabinet consists of:
 o The chancellor – Alistair Darling
o Justice – Jack Straw
o Defence – Des Browne
o Chief Whip – Geoff Hoon
o Commons Leader – Harriet Herman (also minister for women)
o Culture: James Purnell
o Development: Douglas Alexander
 MP means Member of Parliament
 Queen: Boss of the British army
 Leader of the Lords:

British constitution
 Make somebody say it to check if he’s drunk
 She (Britain) has no written constitution.
 Legal past:
o Magna Charta (1215): it limits the power of the king, tax can be
levied when by common consent
o Petition of rights (1628): a list of civil rights recognised by Charles
I.
o Habeas Corpus: it fixes the human rights to court
o Bill of rights (1689): govern with approval of Parliament.
o Act of Settlement: issue about the independence of judges.
 Independent: judges, journalists
 Four legs of power: jurical, legislation, executive, media

Britishness / The Crown

 The British = The English = The Crown
  Including
o Paddy (The Irish)
o Mick (The Irish)
o Jock (The Scottish)
o Dai, Taffy (The Welsh)
 Prince Charles
o Charles can be the king, but Camilla (Cornwall) cannot be the
queen
o Charles: Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cornwall, Great Steward
of Scotland, Lord of the Isles, Earl of Garrick etc.
 Symbols of Britishness
o Tunic (coat)  the red one on the guards
o Bearskin (to ornament the Scots guards)
o Union Jack (flag)
o Gatling gun (the producer’s name)
o Trooping on the Colour (Guards Division and the Household
Cavalry)
o Orangemen (marching) to keep Northern Ireland
o Proms (last night with flag)  Promenade Concerts
o The Queen’s Official Birthday (receptions at Embassies,
Worldwide, as no other national holiday exists)
o GB: cricket, football, rugby, golf, horse polo
o USA ünnepek: Superball in dec., Oscar in March and Miss USA
o British council: culture, language terjeszkedés

England
 Motto: God and my right  Dieu et mon droit
  Cross of St. George (flag)
 Area: 130.000 sq.km
 Population: 50 million
 Nationality: English + British
 National day: 23rd April
 Climate: Temperate…
 Time: GMT
 Capital City: London
 Major cities: Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield,
Silverstone (Formula one)
 Official language: English
 Anthem: God Save the Queen
o Land of Hope and Glory
 Main religions: Church of England, Catholic (roman, irish, greek),
Methodist, Muslim, Jewish, Sikh and Hindu
 Currency: Pound Sterling
 Longest River: Thames (346 km), Severn: hivatalos leghosszabb folyó
 Airport: Heathrow (60million passengers)
 Animal: Lion

Wales
 Actor: Richard Burton, Hopkins, C. Zeta-Jones
 Celtic traditions
 L. Ashley – famous fashion creator
 David L. George – past British PM
 John Prescott – the present Deputy Prime Minister
 Sir George Everest – famous traveller and explorer
  3 presidents of the USA were from Wales
o Jefferson (Lousitania-purpose: szabadságot ad a feketéknek),
Lincoln, Nixon (rep. Watergate)
o Nixon: ‘I am not a crook.’ (Nem vagyok csaló.)
 Writers and poets
o Dylan Thomas
o (Austen – English, Bronté sisters – English, Joyce – Irish,
Shakespeare – English, Byron – English, Burns – Scottish)
 Musicians: Tom Jones, Shirley Bassey
 Motto: Wales For Ever (Cymra am byth)
 Flag: Red dragon on a green and white field
 National Day: 1 March
 Area: 20,779 sq km
 Population: 2,918,700 (2002)
 Capital city: Cardiff
 Major cities: Swansea, Wrexham
 Official language: English, Welsh
 Nationality: Welsh and British
 Anthem: Land of my fathers
 Main religions: Anglicanism, Methodish
o (mormons have the most money ever – Salt Lake City)
 Currency: Pound Sterling
 Animal: Dragon

Elizabeth II’s mother: The Motherqueen

The flag is at most – félárboc
She is lying-in-state – felravatalozva
Utódlás: Charles  William  Henry  Andrew  Edward
3rd Oct 2007
Lesson 4

o Scotland
o Parliament, juridication
o Hungary – republic, prime minister, parliament, indirect system
o USA – presidential democracy
o UK – constitutional monarchy
o We elect the representatives – o.gy. képviselő
o Hungarian parliament (the representatives) elects the president and the
prime minister
o USA: the boss is the US nation
o President: Bush (4 years), Rice: State secretary
o Congress
 senate (100) (capitoliumon Capital Hill)
 house of representatives 435 (2 year)
 supreme court (4 lifetime – chief justice + 8 judges)
o Washington D.C. – District Columbas
o 48 states – two delegates for 6 years to Senate (+Hawaii)
o Alaska + Washington D.C. - 2-2 delegált
o FBI  federal bureau of investigation (államhatárokat átlépő
bűnözéshez)
o UK: What makes the country work?
o Traditions!

Parliament
(bill: törvénytervezet, act: törvény, Law: kihirdetett törvény, jog)
o House of Lords – upper house
o 1200 memebers, not elected
o members of the Royal Family
o peers – names
o life peers – lovaggá ütött, nem örökölhető
o bishops (church of England): püspökök
o acts: companies (társasági tv.), accounting (számviteli),
bankruptcy (csőd)  3 tv, ami Magyarország fejlődését
elindította a 2. vh. Után
o House of Commons
o 650 MPs = parlamentarians = commoners
o 5 years, elected
o privilege of the commons – király(nő) nem léphet be a termükbe
(I. Károly 5 MP-t akart letartóztatni 1641-ben) – messenger with
a black rod megy helyette, 3-szor kopog
o Sovereign
o judicial committee of the House of Lords ~ Legfelsőbb Bíróság
o Session of the Parliament – díszes megnyitó, tradíció
o Mace = jogar
o Colour of commons: green
 Lords: red
o The Sergeant (= őrmester) at Arms – he carries the mace
o (train-bearer = uszályvivő
o lie, lied, lied, lying = hazudni
o lie, lay, lain, lying = feküdni
o lay, laid, laid, laying = megteríteni
o he is lying-in-state: fel van ravatalozva)
o The MP’s rights
o Freedom to speak
o Parliamentary privilege = mentelmi jog
o Freedom from arrest
o Red line (opposition) cannot be crossed
o Bow toward the altar (as if it was toward the Speaker)
o No stepping on the carpet between the benches
o No smoking (snuff yes! = burnótszelence, tubák)
o Alcohol yes
o Stopping traffic in front of the House (property of the Queen) –
yes!
o The sittings of the Parliamentary Year
o Michailmas (ősz)
o Hilary
o Easter
o Trinity
o Guy Fawkes (1605) – the Yeoman of the Guard checks the cellars with
a lamp
o On the day: marching from Buckingham Palace (With the
Household Cavalry)
o Crown in a coach (With Royal Waterman)
o Queen in another  at 11a.m. at Palace of Westminster she
enters the House of Lords – throne
 Commons (black rod szól) come to hear the Queen’s most
gracious speech: programme of Current Cabinet
o Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth
 Born 1926
  Married 1947
 Ascended the Throne 1952 feb 6
 George V. (1910-1936) became first sovereign of the
House of Windsor
 Edward VIII (Jan-Dec 1936)
 George VI. (1936-52)
 Elizabeth (Charles, William, Henry, Andrew)
 (rágalom: slander
 zsarolás: blackmail
 sikkasztás: embezzlement
 csalás: fraud
 hamisítás: fosgery
 megvesztegetés: bribary
 sajtóvétség: libel)
o 1999 alkotmányos reform az EU kérésére
o 646 heriditary peers will be spent away, 91 rest
o after only life peers can act
o Oxbridge – 2 nagy iskola
o 1249 – Oxford university was built
o tutornak jelenteni kell heti 1-2-szer
o color: dark blue
o Cambridge: light blue
o 1845-ben kezdődött az evezőverseny
o The Quaich (bowl = kupa)
o George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion
o T. S. Eliot: Cats
o Boarding school – 10-18 éves korig, utána Uni
Scotland (Hollandia kétszerese)
o Capital: Ediburgh
o 790 islands – 130 inhabited
o Lochs (lakes)
o Robert Burns (poet)
o Famous people: Sir Walter Scott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Arthur Conan
Doyle, David Hume, Sean Connery
o Musicians: Annie Lennox, Simple Minds
o 1st Scottish parliament for 300 year  1999
o social work services, health, local government
o 1603-ig volt király
o motto: no one provokes me with impunity
o flag: Cross of St. Andrew
o national day: 30 Nov
o area: 79 sq. km
o population: 5 million
o major city: Aberdeen, Dundee, Glasgow
o official language: English
o nationality: Scottish, British
o anthem: Flower of Scotland
o main religion: Church of Scotland (Presbyterian), Scottish Episcopal,
roman catholic
o currency: pound sterling
o official animal: Unicorn
10th Oct 2007
Lesson 5

London

 London is the capital both of England and the UK.

 London is the biggest city in Europe (regarding population)
 Pop: 7,5 million
 Metropolitan area: 12-14 million
 300 different languages
 Barcelona declaration: EU to protect languages
 London: 4 world heritage sites, tourist destinations
o Houses of Parliament
o Tower Bridge
o Tower of London
o Westminster Abbey
o Buckingham Palace
o London Eye
o British Museum
o National Gallery
 If the ravens of the Tower disappear, the British Empire will collapse
 River: Thames
 Settled by Romans AD 50
 Yuppie: Young Urban Proffessional
  Londoni kisebbségek: UK, India, Ireland, Bangladesh, Jamaica, Nigeria,
Pakistan, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Cyprus, South Africa, USA,
Australia, Germany

US British
Equality -
Informality - (they are very formal)
Goodness to humanity -/+ (they are very supportive but they like
to be the boss)
Future people - (they think about the past)
No privacy - (very much privacy)
Not punctual - (they are very punctual)
Work a lot - (they work for money
Talk about: sports, money - (weather, postmen, umbrella, horse,
birdwatching)
Don’t like concentrating (superficial) - (they take things very seriously)

 London’s population comes from…

o UK: 5,230,155
o India: 172,162 (Indian =/= native american)
o Rep. of Ireland: 157,285
o Bangladesh: 84,565
o Jamaica: 80,319

(New Zealander)
 Ethnic groups (2001 census)
o 59% White British
o 3% White Irish
 o 8% other White (Polish, Greek, Cypriot, Italian, Indian, Pakistani,
Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Arab, South Asian)
o 10% Black (7% Black Afrikan, 5% Black Carribean, other Black)
o Mixed race (Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Vietnamese)
o Irish (Rep. of Ireland, Northern Ireland)
o Scots (the people), Scottish (adj. of Scotland), Scotch (whisky)

Immigration because of
Safety: Hugenots, Jews, Bangladeshis
Economic: Irish Bangla Deshis, West Indians (Caribbean)
Westminster Abbey – burial place
Cars: Mini Cooper, Rolls-Royce, Jaguar, Aston Martin, Landrover

First London
 Brython AD 43 (Romans)
 Londonium AD 50 (Romans)
 AD 61: celts stormed London (led by Queen Boudice)
 AD 100: Colchester – Capital of Britannia
 AD 600: Anglo-Saxons – Covent Garden
 851 Alfred the Great – established peace
 Viking raids (invasion) began again in the late 10th century
o Canute: Danish King

Problem’s with
o Minorities
o Sexual harassment
o Child-abuse
o Globalization
 o Brings more service
o Terrorism
o London 2005 bombs in the metro and buses

2005: France, Russia, Germany: against Bush

17th Oct 2007
Lesson 6

Életrajzok
o Elizabeth I.
o Victoria
o Winston Churchill (Kissinger Diplomacy)
o Margaret Thatcher
o Tony Blair
o Shakespeare (+titles)
o James Joyce
o Robert Burns
o Henry Purcell
o Constable (fine arts)

OUP – Oxford University Press

CUP – Cambridge University Press

Illusion – fancy
Allusion – reference

Norman and medieval London

o Battle of Hastings – William the Conqueror
o Duke of Normandy
o Westminster Abbey – X-Mas day 1066 (királyi palota, majd börtön:
Tower)
o Museum
o Royal Jewellery
 o 1097: William II. Westminster Abbal (New palace of Westminster)
o trade vs. commerce (trade: külker)
o change vs. exchange (change: vált, egyirányú, exchange: kétirányú)
o commerce : Corporation of London
o Black Death
o Baron’s wars
o War of the Roses
o Spanish Armada 1603 James VI. Of Scotland uniting two countries
o Plague: pestis
o 1666 Great Fire of London

Modern London
o Harrod’s: first department, first moving escalator
o 1870-ben first metro system – London underground
o traffic congestions
o 1836-ban first railways
o USA: mobile = lakókocsi, cell-phone = mobil telefon
o The Blitz (German Luftwaffe), ld. Narnia krónikái
o Vh. Után immigration from Commonwealth
o 1980: Brixton Riots
o Terrorism, bomb threats – IRA – Kinsington
o 2012 Summer Olympics
o suicide bombers 2005 júli.7.

1. Stonhenge – druida, olda megalit-kor, Kr.e. 3000-2500

2. Tess of Durbeville – Nastasja Kinski (Thomas Hardy – novell)
3. Robin Hood, crusades John, the landless, Richard Lionheart
4. Sir Walter Raleigh, explorer, hajós út (Elizabeth, James I.)
5. 1605 – Gunpowder plot (királyt akarták felrobbantani)
6. church of Scotland – officially (presbyterian)
7. Victoria – 19th century, imperialismus, colonisation
8. whigs (lib.), torys (cons.), now: labout party
9. Virginia Woof, writer, first feminist in 19th century – My Fair Lady
(USA)
 Edward Abbey – Who is afraid of Virginia Wolf?
10.George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion
11.Dickens: David Copperfield, Christmas Carol, Twist Oliver

 Mary Poppins
 Cockney, Londoners, accent
 Churchill – protagonist (főszereplő, főhős, bajnok) – 2nd world war
(USA: Frenklin Delano Roosewelt)
 Shakespeare: Elizabeth I., Renaissance alatt élt
 Geoffrey Chaucer – Canterbury Tales – Pascolini (famous movie is
készült)
 Tony Blair győzte meg a királynőt, hogy legyen ott Diana temetésén
 James Bond Aston Martint vezet
 Queen: Rolls-Royce, Jeep: Land Rover
 X-Mas: pudding, crackers
 Santa Claus: red and white (a Coca Cola-tradícióból jön)
24th Oct 2007
Lesson 7

Questions
 4.Dadaism 3.epressionism 5.impressionism 2.romanticism 1.renaissance ,
(de reneszánsz után közvetlen: barokk, klasszicizmus)  rendezd sorba
 In which century worked Shakespeare? 17th century
 What is Makrancos hölgy in English? Taming of the Shrew
 Please name 3 English autors who rewarded Nobel prize? Lessing,
Churchill, Kipling
 Was T. S. Elliot born in USA and lived in England? (England / USA)
 Which is English?
o A kertész kutyája sp
o Macska a forró bádogtetőn us
o Utazás az éjszakába us
o Godot-ra várva (Beckett) eng
o A kopasz énekesnő rom
o Szeget szeggel eng
o A nyugat utolsó bajnoka (Sean O’Casey) irish
o A vágy villamosa usa
o Bűnbeesés után usa

 Middle Enlgish: linguistical cathergory, first when we are able to

understand

The British literature

Isle of man, adjective  Manxian

Latin, Welsh, Scottish, Gaelic, Cornish, Manx: a brit irodalom ezeken a

nyelveken íródott

1. Old Celtic literature

 Oldest surviving language in Europe
2. Latin literature
 Priest: Bede wrote the history of the German tribes (Bede
venerabilis)
3. Old English literature
 Earliest form of English literature
 Romans could nothing leave in England
 Anglo-Saxen = Old English
 Epic poem: Beowulf
4. Late medieval literature in England
 Middle English  Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales (we
are able to understand it), Trolius and Cresyde
5. Other medieval literatures
 Irish literature  legends come from here
6. Early modern English literature to 1660
 playwright = színműíró
 Shakespeare plays listed by genre
Comedies
 All’s Well That Ends Well
 As You Like It
 Comedy of Errors
 Love’s labour’s lost (Lóvá tett lovagok)
  Measure for Measure
 Merchant of Venice
 Merry wives of Windsor
 Midsummer Night’s dream
 Much ado about nothing
 Taming of the Shrew
 Tempest
 Twelfth night (Vízkereszt vagy amit akartok)
 Two gentlemen of Verona
 Winter’s tale
Histories
 Cymbeline
 Henry IV, Part I
 Henry IV, Part II
 …
Tragedies
 Antony and Cleopatra
 Coriolanus
 Hamlet (1601!!!)
 Julius Caesar
 King Lear
 Macbeth
 Othello (1604!!!)
 Romeo and Juliet (1595!!!)
 Timon os Athens
 …
 Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson
English Renaissance (Shakespeare as well), drama
 Authorized King James Version  Bible
  John Milton: Paradise Lost
(bűnbeesés: fall
Heaven: Mennyország
Tax haven /’heivön/ - adóparadicsom)
7. English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century
 Alexander Pope: formal poetry, friend of Newton
 Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe: a középosztály olvasni kezd
 Henry Fielding (Dickins: follower)
 J. Swift: Gulliver’s Travels
8. Non English-language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th
century
 Robert Burns: Scottish writer
 Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe (novel), Rob Roy
9. 19th century English language literature
 Romanticism
Coleridge
Wordsworth (emocó, introspectio)
Samuel Taylor
Lake Poets (about nature)
William Blake: The Tiger
Byron, Shelling, Keats
 19th century novel
Austen: Pride and prejudic, Emma, Mansfeld park,
W. Scott: Waverly, Ivanhoe, Rob Roy
Dickens: The Pickwick Papers – comedy, late 19th
century, victorian era
Bronte-sisters
 Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre
 Emily B.: Vadhering Heights (üvöltő szelek)
 Thackeray: Vanity Fair (protagonist: Rebeca Sharp)
Trollope
Thomas Hardy: Tess of the Durbeville
Lewis Carroll: literature for children (Alice in
Wonderland)
 Victorian poets
Tennyson
Robert Browning and her wife
Surrealism – Lewis Caroll, Edward Lear
Symbolism
 Ireland
Shaw
Wilde: Ernest
James Joyce: Ulysses
Synge
O’Casey: A nyugat utolsó bajnoka
 Scotland
Stevenson: Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Eliot: Poet
Yeats
 Between the 2 world wars
Joyce: Ulysses
Lawrence: Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Woolf
Orwell: Nineteen Eighty-Four
 Later in 20th century
Golding: Lord of the Flies
Burgess
Greene
 Murdoch
Osborne: Look Back in Anger
Beckett: Waiting for Godot (absurd)
Pinter
Stoppard

They were awarded the Nobel prize in Literature:

 Rudyard Kipling, 1907
 G. B. Shaw, 1925
 Galsworthy, 1932
 Eliot, 1948
 Russell, 1950
 Churchill, 1953
 Golding, 1983
 Heaney, 1995
 Naipaul, 2001
 Pinter, 2005
 Lessing, 2007
31th Oct 2007
Lesson 8

 The 10 core values of the British identity

1. the rule of law – no one is above it
2. sovereignity of the Crown in Parliament (Lord, Commons,
Monarch)
3. The pluralist state (egyházak)
4. Personal freedom – you are born free, liberty: fight for it
5. Private property – happiest, prosperous nation
6. institutions – civil szervezetek (coercion: pressure)
7. family, civic society – values – stable society
8. history – political culture – cleavages = törésvonalak
9. english speaking world – terrorism (IRA)
10.British caracter – stubborn, stoical, indignanat at justice
(felháborodott, méltánytalankodó)

Notable artists
 John Constable – festő

10 kérdés
 Churchill born 1874-1965 PM: 1940-45, előtte: Chamberlain, a király:
George V., 2. alkalom: 1951-55 (George VI. majd Elizabeth II.), utána:
Eden
 Henry VIII. – arts – composer: Greensleaves, Consort XXII.
 Who munkái: Bible, Shakespeare, 3 legnépszerűbb, Agatha Christy
 3 világhírű énekes – Robbie Williams, Spice girls All saints
 painter: Surner, Blake
 Purcell század: 17th
  3 pozíció churchill took
 Churchill között: Attlee
 Churchill + decade
 3 politikus, aki ott volt Churchill temetésén

painters
 Constable
 Reynolds
 Gainsborough
 Blake
 Turner

Classical music
 Dunstable
 Henry VIII.
 Purcell (17th century)
 Händel (17-18th century)
 Elgar (19-20th century)
 Benjamin Britten (20th century)
 Musical song writer: Andrew Lloyd Webber (born in 1948) – Rhapsody
in blue

Pop, rock
 Cliff Richard
 The Beatles
 The Rolling Stones
 Elton John
 David Bowie
 Rod Stewart
  Freddy Mercury
 Sting – The Police
 George Michael

Agatha Christie
 1890-1976
 english crime fiction – genre
 romance novels
 80 detective novels
 West End theatre plays
 Hercule Poirot
 Miss Jane Marple ~ queen of crime
 A vád tanúja – witness: the protagonist for the prosecutor
 The mousetrap: famous novel

Political trends
Left 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 (center) – 5 – 6 – 7 right
1 – communist
2 – socialist worker’s party, socialist
3 – labour
4 – socialdemocrats
5 – christiandemocrats, liberal
6 – conservatives, republican, smallhoulders’ party (kisgazda), 3rd út
7 - neolib, neocon
7th Nov 2007
Lesson 9

British educational system

Did UK sign Kyoto? Yes

Did USA sign Kyoto? No
Environmental protection
G8: USA (Bush), Russia (Putyin), Japan, France (Sarkozy), Italy (Prodi),
Canada, UK (Brown), Germany (Merkel)
Is the UK UN-country? Yes
Unesco: educational,
WHO
FAO: Food
Unicef (children)
KGST = CMEA (angol) = COMECON (fr) = Council for mutual economic aid
EU = EC (European Community) = EEC (economical)
IMF
Worldbank (Washington D.C.)
UN (New York)
EFTA (European Free Trade Area)

United Kingdom
 Parlamentary democracy
o Hungary: republic
o USA: presidential democracy
 Constitutional monarchy: Elizabeth II.
 o Federacy with Channel Islands and the Isle of Man
o 14 overseas territories
 World war one: 1914-1918
 World war two: 1939-1945
 Győzelem napja: May 9 (Official Victory Day for Russia)
 UK: 2nd highest defence spending in the world
 China, Russia, Pakistan, France, Israel, Corea  nuclear powers
 UK: nuclear power
 Member of Group Eight
 Member of NATO
 Member of EU
 Member of Commonwealth of Nations

BBC
 The British Broadcasting Corporation Ltd.
 The largest broadcasting corporation int he world in terms of audience
numbers and of revenue
 Foundid in 1922.
 Motto: ’Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation.’
 Társulási formák
o Bt. = Unlimited Partnership
o KKT =
o Egyesülés = Union
o Rt. = Company Limited by Shares = Share-Company
o KFT. = Public Limited Company
 BBC Trust (tröszt)
 Nicknames of BBC are beeb, Auntie.
Bölcsöde = nursery
Kindergarden (prep-school: must)
Primary school (4-6-8 years)
Secondary school (8-6-4 years) must until the age of 18
University (with different colleges / faculties)
Program: BA or Bsc then MA or MSC then PhD
(college USA= kar, faculty USA = tanszéki dolgozók; UK: faculty = kar and
staff = dolgozók)
(USA: rector = pap; president = rektor H; dean = dean = dékán)
BA was főiskola, MA was egyetem, PhD was doktori in the socialism
PhD  tanársegéd  adjunktus  docens  egyetemi tanár / professzor

The Birtish educational system

 Scotland: very close to the German type, célja: felnevelés = breadth

 Irish: religious reasons
 Education, knoledge and information = important things in England
(depth)
 In Hungary the first exam is the final exam (érettségi). It’s an entrance
exam at the same time.
 Középfokú = intermediat level (advanced: felsőfokú)
o Intermedait level profficiancy exam
o For special purposes: szakmai
o Certificate = hivatalos igazoló oklevél (doesn’t show any school)
o Degree = diploma H
o I graduated from Corvinus. I have a degree in social sciences. So I
put my diploma on the wall.
 Primary Education =/= Elementary
o Infant School or Primary School
o Junior School or Primary school
 Secondary Education
o Middle School
o Upper School or Secondary School
 Full of testing
o Placement: nem mondják meg miből tanuljak, csak megnézik, mit
tudok
o Assessment: megmondják, melyik könyv

 Primary Education = általános iskola

o Compulsory
o The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy
and numeracy.
o Corporal punishment: testi fenyítés (now outlawed)
o Kindergarden: First level of education, german expression (1837)
 Secondary Education
o Vocational education: szakközép / szakiskola
o Grammar schools in the UK: age: 11-18, examination is called
eleven-plus (érettségi az angolban)
 Private primary = owned by me, opened to you if I let it
 Public: owned by who knows, opened to everyone
 State-owned: ki a tulajdonos (nem az számít, kinek opened)

 Higher education
o London School of Economics – the best
 o Színház- és filmművészeti főiskola = Drama School
o Állam és jogtud.kar = Law School
o In UK they do not have Nemzeti Akadémia, MTA = Academy of
sciences
 Kisdoktori: Dr. Kiss = írt valamit 90 oldalt, és megkapta a
kisdoktorit
 Kandidátus
 Nagydoktori
 Degrees and Graduation
o Three-level hierarchy of degrees (Bachelor, Master, Doctor)
o PhD
o Ed.D.
o D.Sc.
 M.B.A. top of business = Master of Business Administration

Costs
 Britain is the most expensive place to study anything. (Ausztrália a
legolcsóbb.)

List of slengs used in universities

Term Meaning Specificity
Bad egg a nasty and unpleasant person
Bibbling six strokes of the cane winchester
Brushing flogging (korbácsolás) Christ’s Hospital
Cheese a dandy (zokni, szandál, düddő)
Cambridge
Execution flogging by the head master Eton
Fag gólya, aki nyal = csicska
God Prefektus
Good egg
Major Elder Brother
Maximus Eldest brother
Rag rosszul viselkedés
Rag week where they are common (gazdagok fizetnek a
Szegényeknek, hogy rosszalkodjanak.)
14th Nov 2007
Lesson 10

Language

N. Chomsky, 1957  USA, the one who described grammar as such

What is grammar? How you use a language.
I was born in Győr.
 Subject = alany
 Object = Tárgy
 Állítmány = Verb
 I love you, I LOVE you, I love YOU, English is an SVO-language 
only order you may use in a statement.
 Negligation is SVO too.
o + SVO
o - SVO
o ? VSO
o ?- VSO
 Hungarian is not an SVO language.
 Jövő májusban lesz 20 éve, hogy édesanyámék megházasodtak.
 Next May my parents will have been married for 20 years.
 Will: future (modal)
 Have: perfect
 Been:
 Married:
o Verbs
 To be
 Main Verbs
  Auxiliary verbs
 Can (ability)
 May (permission), do etc.
 There are four rules in English
o Continuous: be+MV+ing
o Perfect: have+MV+en
o Passive: be+V+en
o Modal: can/may/will etc + V (minus ’to’)
 1.) Modal/time 2.) Perfect (have+en) 3.) Continuous (be+ing) 4.) Passive
(be+en) 5.) Main Verb
o MV (marry) takes –en (married)
o Be takes ing (being)
o Be takes en (been)
o Have takes the time

 Verb: drive
o There are three times in English.
o Every structure in English has six caracteristics.
 Time: Past, present and future
 Moods: indicatice (kijelentő), conditional (óhajtó),
imperative (felszólító)
 Numbers: (singular, plural)
 Persons: six (I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they)
 Aspects: three (simple OR continuous (complementary
distribution = kizárják egymást), perfect)
 Voice: active, passive
o Drive (tesztben lesz ilyen!)
 Time: present
  Mood: indicative
 Number: two (tehát plural)
 Person: Five (ti = you)
 Aspect: Continuous perfect
 Voice: passive
 Megoldás: you have been beeing driven
o Speak
 Time: future (will)
 Mood: indicative
 Number: 2
 Person: 6
 Aspect: continuous
 Voice: passive
 Megoldás: They will be being spoken.

 Sciences
o Semiotics = jel tudománya (communication)
o Phonetics = a hang tudmomány
o Phonology = betű tudománya (how you write)
o Morphology = szótan
o Syntex = mondattan (Chomsky - USA)
o Semantics = jelentéstan
o Pragmatics = pragmatika
o (Grammar = usage)
 Vowels: a, i, u, e, o
o A: ei (tape), ae (tap)
o I: ai (site), i (sit)
o U: u (put), iu (computer), A (but)
  Syllables (V: Vowel, C: consonant=mássalhangzó, 0: nothing)
o Open syllable: V+0 or V+C+V (Levi, jedi)
o Closed: V+C+0 or C+C+C (computer, put)
 Consumption (V+C+C=closed)
 Consumer (V+C+V=opened)
 Hozd ide: bring it here, will you bring it here, would you bring it here,
could you bring it here, do you mind bringing it here, you should bring it
here, would you be so kind as to bring it here, why don’t you bring it here
(imperative in USA)
o Pragmatics: when meaning is not the meaning

Meaning (semantically speaking)

Word British eng. Meanings common USA meaning
to B. and USA eng.
Advocate scottish lawyer someone who supports
who appears in and/or speaks for a
higher courts particular position generic
(rest of UK: term for a lawyer
barrister)
Asian originating from originating from the originating from
India, Pakistan, continent of Asia East Asia or
Bangladesh or continental
Sri Lanka (South Southeast Asia
Asian)
Attorney an agent or representative (or attorney-at-
authorised to act on someone law) a lawyer…
elses behalf
Bureau a type of writing a public office or a type of chest of
table government agency drawers
Closet any small room a private chamber for a cabinet or
(esp. Northern retirement in secret wardrobe, as for
England, Sc., (come out of the closet) utensils or
Ireland), hence to reveal what was secret apparel; in the
water closet, a (especially in relation latter case…
room containing to homosexuality)
…

Proverbs
 ’Every cloud has a silver lining’
o There’s always something good in bad times.
 ’A stitch in time saves nine’
o Act early and you can save a lot of time.
 ’Nothing ventured nothing gained.’
o You have to try or you won’t get anything.
 ’Out of the frying pan into the fire.’
o From one problem to another.
 ’One man’s meat is another man’s poison.’
o People often don’t like the same things.
 ’Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.’
o Don’t question good luck.
 ’You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make it drink.’
o You can give a person a chance, but you can’t make him or her take
it.

Make him an offer he cannot refuse. (Al Pacino – Godfather)

Love means never having to say sorry. (Love story)
Go ahead and make my day. (Clint E. in Dirty Harry)
21th Nov 2007
Lesson 11

Dates you need to know:

 800 BC: celts came
 43 AD: Romans came (Claudius)
 122-138: Between England and Scotland: Hadrianus wall
 1066: Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror against King Harold
 1215: Magna Carta, King John
 1348-49: Black Death = Bubonic Plague (33% meghal)
 1415: France was defeated (in Agincourt)
 1455-87: War of the roses
 1534-40: Henry VIII., English reformation
 1547-53: Protestantism becomes official
 1553-58: Mary I. (Bloody Mary)
 1558: England lost possession in France (Calais elveszik)
 1558-1603: Elizabeth I, protestantism established
 1564: Shakespeare was born
 1587: Stuart Mary dies, she executed in London  Virginia, 1. am.
gyarmat
 1588: The spanish armada was defeated
 1590-1613: Shakespeare wrote his plays
 1653-58: Cromwell  Lord Protector
 1666: Great fire of London
 1760s-1830s: Industrial revolution
 1775-83: American War of Independence, 13 stripes of the flag (7 piros, 6
fehér)
 1805: Battle of Trafalgar (Admiral Nelson)   Napoleon
 1815: Waterloo, Napoleon defeated
  1914-18: World War I.
 1939-1945: World War II.
 1945: UN was formed, New York
 1949: NATO was created
 1952: Elizabeth II.
 1956: Suez crisis
 1960: Britain joins EFTA
 1973: Britain enters the EC (European Community)
 1979: Margaret Thatcher becomes prime minister

Egy kis segítség

Monarch Born Reigned To
Norman Line
1027 1066 1087
William I
William II 1056 1087 1100
Henry I 1068 1100 1135
Stephen 1104 1135 1154
Henry II 1133 1154 1189
Richard I 1157 1189 1199
John 1167 1199 1216
Plantagenet, Angevin Line
1207 1216 1272
Henry III
Edward I 1239 1272 1307
Edward II 1284 1307 1327
Edward III 1312 1327 1377
Richard II 1367 1377 1399
Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line
1367 1399 1413
Henry IV
Henry V 1387 1413 1422
Henry VI 1421 1422 1461
Plantagenet, Yorkist Line
1442 1461 1483
Edward IV
Edward V 1470 1483 1483
Richard III 1452 1483 1485
Tudor
1457 1485 1509
Henry VII
Henry VIII 1491 1509 1547
Edward VI 1537 1547 1553
Lady Jane Grey 1537 1537 1537
Mary I 1516 1553 1558
Elizabeth I 1533 1558 1603
Stuart
1566 1603 1625
James I
Charles I 1600 1625 1649
Interregnum   1649 1660
The Commonwealth
1599 1657 1658
Oliver Cromwell
Stuart, Restored
1630 1660 1685
Charles II
James II 1633 1685 1688
Orange and Stuart
1650 1689 1702
William III
Mary II 1662 1689 1694
Stuart
1665 1702 1714
Anne
Brunswick, Hanover Line
1660 1714 1727
George I
George II 1683 1727 1760
George III 1738 1760 1820
George IV 1762 1820 1830
William IV 1765 1830 1837
Victoria 1819 1837 1901
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
1841 1901 1910
Edward VII
Windsor
1865 1910 1936
George V
Edward VIII 1894 1936 1936
George VI 1895 1936 1952
Elizabeth II 1926 1953  

Judy Dench, Emma Tompson, Kate Blanchett  British Actresses

Collin Firth, Hugh Grant, Anthony Hopkins, Kenneth Branagh, Peter O’Toole,
Lawrence Olivier

Egy másfél szobás összkomfortos lakásban lakunk egy lakótelepi ház 7.

emeletén.
 Másfél szoba: náluk a fél szoba két falat jelent. Náluk a kis szoba is
szoba, és nem félszoba.
 Összkomfort: távfűtéses
 Lakótelep = lakópark (in British)
 7. emelet: first floor = földszint, 2nd floor: félemelet, 3rd floor: első
emelet
 lakótelepi lakás: on a housing estate
 tömbház: block of flats
 We live in a two-roomed flat…
 Company: pretty good crowd came last night. Jó volt a társaság tegnap
este.
 Learn vs study: learn = an object, learn sg.
o Study: subject not needed.
 Job vs. work:
o Job: countable
o Work: uncountable
o Works = tröszt
 I would have liked to come (I didn’t come, but I wanted). I would like to
have come. (Bár jöttem volna.)
 No billio, no milliárd in english, there is billion = milliárd
 Negation of negation
o Statement
  Rule: meaning of remember
o I remember posting the letter. = Emlékszem, h feladtam.
o I remember to post the letter. = Nem felejtem el feladni.
o Nem felejtetted el bezárni az ajtót? Did you remember to lock the
door? No, I didn’t. (tehát nem zártam be)
 4 sentences (This is pragmatics…)
o Come here. (father to son): imperative, imperative (direct, literal)
o May I have my coffee? (husband to wife): question, imperative
(indirect, literal)
o I love cops. (Tasnádi after he arrested): statement, statement (direct,
illiteral)
o Why didn’t you drink some more? (Wife to drunken husband):
question, imperative (indirect, illiteral)

Glossary of Term

SPORTS
The nineteenth hole
 The traditional name for pub at the end of the golf course or for the
clubhouse bar. There are eighteen holes on a golf course, and it is
traditional to go for a drink at the end of the three hours or so that it takes
to finish a game. Puns (szóvicc) and jokes abound over the nineteenth
hole tradition, including ’I only took four shots at the fifteenth hole, but I
needed six at the nineteenth’. (Shots = measures of alcohol)

Horse polo, golf, cricket, football, tennis

The rational dress league
 Formed in 1898, the League achieved short-lived notoriety for its efforts
to persuade women to adopt rational dress – trousers and slacks – for
activities such as golf and cycling. The most commonly-cited reasons for
its failure are, firstly, the fact that the clothes were expensive and
secondly, …
28th Nov 2007
Lesson 12

Brands, brandnames

 A név után R bekarikázva: registered (levédett, bejegyzett)

 Silverstone: Formula one
 Brand-stratching: másfélét kezd csinálni (Jaguar umbrella)
 Brand-equity: how much you would pay for it
 Bill Gates: Microsoft
 Katie Holmes: Tom Cruise
 Indexes: FTSE (fucci) = Financial Times Stock Exchange = London
Stock Exchange, chairman: Christopher Smith
 NASDAQ-issue was they tried to get the LSE, but they could not.
 2007. Aug. 20: NASDAQ announced that it was abandoning its plan to
take over the LSE.
 Big six (big four):
o PWC
o KPMG
o Ernst & Young
o Deloitte (and Touche)
o (Anderson: csőd)
 Dow Jones: USA-index
 London Stock Exchange: LSE
o It was founded in 1801.
o It’s located very close to the St. Paul’s Cathedral.
o In the very centre of the city.
 o Wall Street USA
o Structure: Main market concerning 3 FTSE indexes
 100, 250, 350
o futsie-n jegyzett cégek:
 Aviva: insurance company
 Baclays Bank
 British Airwaves
 Margaret Thatcher privatization
 M5: in private hands, rebuy for a lot of money (HUN)
 Land Rover
o Founded in 1948.
o HUN: Defender: desert car
o Discovery: luxusautó
o Freelander: failure
o Industry is not the automobile-industry, it is Automotive
o Very British car
o Celeb: Coca cola (McDonald’s), Pepsi (Pizza Hut), két híresség
együttműködése
o BMW (Germany): most famous Land Rover, chinese investors
o They are manufactured in Birmingham, England.
o UK: keep-left system, USA: keep-right, AUS: keep-left
o The Queen is driving a Land Rover.
 Burberry: a British luxury fashion house in Hong Kong hands
o Uptown-people-nek gyárt ruhákat
o HRH: Her/his Royal Highness (Diana not, Camilla not)
o Christopher Bailey: top designer
o The Burberry Check (brand): trenchcoat
 Top ten economic powers: USA, China, England, France, Germany, EU,
India, Brazil, Japan (stagnation)
 Hungary: stagnation
 Russia: Boom
 USA: recession
 Harrods
o Egyptian millionare owns it since 1985
o He’s 70 years old
o Mohamed Al-Fayed (his son: Dodi A. F.)
o Restaurants: no children allowed
o Mohamed vs. The queen: princess Diana-story
 Official story: she died it was an accident happening in Paris,
the driver was guilty, because he was drunk, the driver was
from Ritz (Mohamed Al-Fayed)
 Egyptian version: Dodi says that the Royal family secret
service killed her.
 Diana was buried in Britain.
o Dates:
 Made in 1834 by Mr. Harrods.
 1983: IRA-bomb killes six people
 1985: Al-Fayed brothers bought it (615 million font)
 1989: LSE
 1997: The British court issues an injuction to restrain the
Buenos Aires Harrods.
 2006: The Harrods „102”-store opens opposite the main store
on Brompton Road, it features Krispy.Kreme and Yol-Sushi
 Hamleys:
o Toy store
o Oldest toy store
o There is 6 or 7 storeys
o One storey is about Thomas the tank engine
 Wooden train
 Voice: Ringo Starr
 The tail is 50 years old
 Created by Reverend (Rev.) Wilbert Awdry
 To entertain his son (Christopher)
 Difference between locomotive and engine
 A car cannot have a locomotive
 Lokomotív GT: the brand of a train engine
 Motor (British english)
 Motorway (British) = highway (USA)
 Szolnok had Tiszamenti Vegyiművek: Tomi: communist
leader (Tomi: mosópor)
o Patric the postman
 HUN: the same to everyone: Bubo, Mekkelek, Vuk
 Britain: Mr. Bean, (Benny Hill)
 Detective: Poirot
 Beatles
o Blinky Bill: AUS
5th Dec 2007
Lesson 13

Kelemenné Lipták Ildikónál még aznap meglesznek a zh-eredmények

Santa Claus = Mikulás
Does he come for Christmas also? Yes, int he USA
Why don’t the American use Santa for the Dec 6?
Colors: red and white  this comes from Coca Cola, nothing to do with
religion

Christmas

Advent
 Means waiting 24 days
 First day of Advent is Dec 1 (this year)
 4 candles, third one is pink, the other three candles are purple
 Sundays – you light the candles
 One candle is lit already
 German origin, what you see in Hungary is very much Russian
 Christmas tree: german
 Only we use Szalon cukor
 We don’t ornament our houses before X-Mas, because we wait until X-
Mas. (In USA the don’t have Advent. They do decorate between
Thanksgiving and X-Mas.)
 X-Mas Disney-movies: they put up lights, they eat smoked Turkey, they
gift friend (at ours it’s a family thing), they write cards to each other
 Advent-calendar:
o They tried to play Advent-calendar with the building of the
Parliament
o Children love it
o You need to open one door every day
 Hanuka = The light
 Christmas Eve in England (at home)
o Christmas crackers = biscuits
o They pull it very suddenly and a present is inside
 For example a paper crown
o In the middle of the afternoon every shop is closed
o Christmas day = first day (at grandparents)
o Boxing day = second day (other grandparents, or to shops trying to
exchange everything you got for X-Mas)
o X-Mas Eve: You hang up your sockes and go sleeping
o Greenland: Grönland: Santa makes his gifts here
o 12 reindeer, Rudolf the red-nosed r.
o mince pies and sherry left out for Santa
o British children do not sleep that night
 Christmas Day
o (Pagan origins: Easter watering)
o Dates back to the 6th century, England
o Cromwell banned Christmas
o Advent time: no weddings (in Hungary) till 1660
o 1551: Holy Days and Fasting Days Act: they must go to church at
Christmas, no vehacle to get there
  Hun: Who drives at Christmas? Wives, the husband lets her
drive.
o Q. Victoria: gift giving, special season for children
 The Queen’s message
o X-Mas ritual, 1932, George V. read Kipling ’I speak now from my
home and from my heart to you all…’ (broadcast)
o Eliztabeth II. continues this tradition, she broadcasts her speech
 Boxing Day
o 26th Dec
o People in Britain they give gifts to their servants, who they work
with (Brigit Jones)
o Medieval times: priest gave gifts to the poor
o Wealthy people gave gifts to their servants
o In UK: Still a public holiday, the shops are opened, banks are
closed
 Writers
o Dickens
o 16th century, England: Twelve days of X-Mas
o Shakespeare: Twelfth Night = Vízkereszt vagy amit akartok (Jan
6th körül van Vízkereszt)
 Food
o Hungary: we cook fish, second day: stuffed cabbage; when you feel
sick, hangover on 1st Jan: cabbage soup (Russian)
o Christmas food in Britain is Turkey.
o Lavish Christmas times (Middle ages): swan and peacocks
o Now: Turkey, with potatoes, vegetables and stuffing with bravy and
bread sauce.
o Followed by Christmas Pudding, a rich fruit pudding served with
brandy sauce or brandy butter. (desszert = dessert /dizört/)
 Tesco: different cuisins, British: muffins and pudding, USA:
peanut butter
 Most popular type of pudding is plum pudding
 Comes from medieval times
 But has Celt origins
 Some people like hiding a coin int he pudding, if the man
wants to propose, hides a wedding ring in it
 It comes from Rome
 During the roman festival of Saturnalia, a dired bean would
be hidden (even a slave could be the lucky one) on Jan 6
(Twelfth Day)  king of the bean ruled the party
 For the British bean is the national food
 Baked bean, red  for breakfast, with mushroom and
saussage
 Some times intercultural times were together
o Kocsonya: meat jelly (ilyet nem esznek!)
o Christmas Cake
 Do we have cake in Hungary? No. We eat bejgli (German
origin), we fill it with poppy seeds (mák)
 Dark cake (piskóta: light cake)
 Victorians: marzipan cake
 Tudor Marchpane
o Mince pies
 Very British
 They are called as X-Mas pies
 17th century banned by Cromwell
  after the restauration it came back
 doesn’t contain meat at all
 20th century – mincemeat: dried fruit, brandy, sherry
 Images of Christmas
o Carols: B. Chrosby (USA)
o Roots in medieval England
 Zarándokok várról várra, egyet inni: wassail bowl
 Carollers
 Lambswool: drink (hot ale with sugar)
 Dickens: Christmas Carol
 A tale – he became a reformed caracter (Jacob Marley)
 Today they collect money for charity
 Hungary: Máltai sz.sz; az emberi hívószám: 4 digits. Is run
by T-Com, USA: 505
 Do we sing? Yes.
 Fashionable carols in Hungary
 USA, German, Hungarian, UK-carols as well
 Christmas CDs in Hungary: Kaláka, Halász Judit,
Ghymes
o Cards
 Victorian England
 Unicef (UN)
 First charity X-Mas card, 1949
 By a seven-year-old girl in Czechoslovakia (maypole-
t, májusfát ábrázolt)
 Nowadays: Hallmark: biggest X-Mas card thing in
anglo-saxon world
 Expensive cards: in Hallmark
 Bart István: angolszász kulturális szótár