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My name is Paul
Nylund, and my partner on the project was Marcia Rojas if you need to cite this.
Blueprint: http://goo.gl/Z3Nuf
During our testing, we occasionally saw spikes of up to 6 volts while adjusting the
apparatus. We were not able to stabilize the output to the extent that we were
with the size of the containers and the position of the air pump and electrodes.
Abstract
The goal of the project was to construct a working two-chamber microbial fuel
cell with a maximum output of 300 millivolts (mV), or 0.3 volts (V). A microbial
fuel cell, or MFC, is a fuel cell in which the naturally occurring electrochemical
electricity.
The chosen source of bacteria and organic substance in the cell was sludge
retrieved from the bottom of Bluff Creek behind Playa Vista Park in Los Angeles,
California. This was chosen as the ideal resource for the microbial fuel cell
because it lay in still water, which provides a good environment for anaerobic
bacteria growth.
Materials
- 2 1l Plastic Containers
- Cotton rope
- Aluminum mesh
- Paper clips
- Copper wire
- Alligator clips
- Electrical tape
- Glue gun
- Glue sticks
- Duct tape
- Sludge
- Hand spade
- Bucket
- Water
- Salt
- Small Pot
- Spoon
- Voltmeter
- Drill gun
Procedure
Collect sludge from the bottom of a still creek or pond into a bucket. Such a
Drill one hole for copper wire on lids of containers. On one of the two lids, drill
one hole for the air pump tube and one small hole for ventilation (this will not be
sealed). Drill one hole on one side to both containers for salt bridge.
Prepare the electrodes. Fold aluminum mesh a few times over and bind with
large paper clips. Strip ends off of copper wire and attach to both electrodes.
Insert copper wire and air pump tube into drilled holes on lids. Seal with hot glue
or caulk.
Prepare the salt bridge. Heat water over stovetop and dissolve in as much salt as
possible. Twist a long rope around itself to create a thicker rope. If necessary, cut
the rope to approx. 15 cm. Soak the rope in the salt water. Once damp, wrap
the rope in one layer of electrical tape and one of duct tape, but keep the ends
exposed.
Insert each end of the salt bridge into the drilled holes on the sides of the
containers. Seal with hot glue or caulk and extra tape (as needed).
Fill one container almost to the rim with sludge and the other with water.
Submerge the electrodes into the sludge and water. Close the lids of the
containers, and make sure the one over the sludge is airtight.
Attach alligator clips to each loose end of copper wire. Clamp the alligator clips
onto the voltmeter probes. Make sure the red probe is attached electrically to the
electrode in the water. The black probe should connect to the electrode
to measure the force of electricity moving through the circuit in terms of volts.
Turn the dial to 10A. This number is the flow of current the microbial fuel cell is
To calculate the rate of transfer energy as one joule per second, also known as
Results
The results were significantly more successful than anticipated. The microbial
fuel cell generated 221 mV at its peak efficiency when measured with a voltmeter
when the air pump was unplugged, which stopped extra oxygen from flowing
throughout the container. It was observed that the current generated by the cell
rapidly dropped down to a low of 168 mV. The lack of oxygen slowed down the
Background
The salt bridge allows for current to flow of hydrogen ions in a circuit. If it did not
exist, there would be a pileup of electrons, and the current would stop, rendering
the cell useless. The anode of the microbial fuel cell depends on a potential that
causes the current to flow, and therefore, the oxidation reaction in its chamber is
also dependent on a potential. In this case, the potential element is the cathode
have to occur together (called a redox reaction), and in a microbial fuel cell, they
During the first (oxidation) reaction, which takes place in the sludge-filled
container on the anode, the bacteria consume glucose for energy and water.
They then yield carbon dioxide, positive hydrogen ions, and electrons. The
positive hydrogen ions and the electrons are attracted to compounds in the
second container and will take part in a reduction reaction. The electrons travel
up through the aluminum mesh and copper wire to the cathode in the second
container. The positive hydrogen ions make their way across the salt bridge to
the second container. This is where the second part of the redox reaction takes
place.
During the reduction reaction, the positive hydrogen ions combine with the
electrons leftover from the oxidation reaction and oxygen from within the water to
yield water. The redox reaction ends here. Therefore, the lifetime of the microbial
fuel cell is limited by the lifetime of the bacteria within the sample of sludge.
The salt bridge can also be called a proton exchange membrane, or PEM. It
The aquarium pump provides extra oxygen to the reaction yielding water.
Because the bacteria are not exposed to oxygen, they produce carbon dioxide,
Conclusion
Any organic waste material should be compatible with the microbial fuel cell. As
was formed in 1911, and the first design was conceived in 1977. There are still
related projects are still unsure whether it would ever catch on, given its current
state of relative inefficiency. However, like any new development, there is only a
matter of time before someone is able to improve on its design. Then, it stands
Sources
http://www.research.psu.edu/capabilities/documents/MFC_QandA.pdf
http://web.eng.fiu.edu/~licz/2012fallNanomed/Biosensors/Lecture%203-
4/saltbridge.pdf
http://chemed.chem.wisc.edu/chempaths/GenChem-Textbook/Ions-in-Solution-
Electrolytes-598.html
http://chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/lab/labdocs/modules/echem/echemsalt.h
tm
https://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Algae-Home-CO2-Scrubber-Part-III-An-
Algae/