Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF
POLLUTION PREVENTION PROJECTS
To discuss in this chapter:
- Process equipment
- Process materials
- Direct labor
- Materials
- Suplies
- Utilities
- Structures
Tier 1. Hidden environmental costs
* Waste taxes
* Fees
* Monitoring & analysis of waste
Tier 2. Future Liabilities
Less tangible set of costs:
* Compliance obligations
* Remediation obligations
* Fines and penalties
* Obligations to compensate private parties for personal
injury, property damage, and economic loss
* Punitive damages
* Natural resource damages
Tier 2. Future Liabilities
>>> These are very difficult to evaluate in a project
due:
Example:
* Consumer responses
* Employee relations
* Corporate image
* Petroleum refining
* Chemical manufacturing