26-07-2017

The Hip Joint The Hip Joint

Anatomy Ball-and-Socket variety
of synovial joint
Articulation of the
head of the femur with
the acetabulum of the
hip bone
A fibrocartilaginous
ring called the
acetabular labrum
From Arthroscopic hip surgeon.com
deepens the From Arthroscopic hip surgeon.com
acetabulum .

The Acetabulum

The acetabulum is
formed by the
pubis, ischium and
ilium bones

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The Joint Capsule Ischiofemoral ligament

Anteriorly
proximally to the bone
surrounding the acetabulum.
It arises from the
Distally to the trochanteric line posteroinferior margin
Posteriorly of the acetabular rim,
-to the margins of the acetabulum passes laterally to the
and surrounding bone
capsule and blends
-neck of the femur- not to the
trochanteric crest with the circular fibres
Capsule has longitudinal and circular.
of the capsule, the zona
The circular fibers form a collar
orbicularis.
around the femoral neck called the Posterior joint capsule
zona orbicularis.
The longitudinal retinacular fibers
is reinforced by this
travel along the neck and carry blood ligament.
vessels. grays from wikipedia

Iliofemoral ligament or
Pubofemoral ligament
ligament of Bigelow
It is attached to the
It is the strongest ligament superior ramus and
in the human body. obturator crest of the pubis
The apex is attached to the superiorly and to the base
lower half of the anterior of the lesser trochanter
inferior iliac spine . inferiorly.
The base is attached to the It is inferior to the
intertrochanteric line. iliofemoral ligament and
It is inverted Y or V shaped. reinforces the inferior part
One limb goes to the base of the hip joint capsule.
of the greater trochanter It also blends with the Healthfavo.com
and the other to the base of medial parts of the
the lesser trochanter. iliofemoral ligament
It limits extension at the hip
joint.

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The round ligament or

Synovial membrane
the ligamentum teres
or the ligament of Lines
head of femur fibrous capsule
intracapsular portion of
neck of femur
Acetabular labrum
The round ligament of the Transverse ligament
head of the femur is Round ligament of
attached to the
head of femur
transverse acetabular
ligament and extends to
the fovea centralis on the
head of the femur Grays wikipedia

Relations of hip joint Blood supply

Medial
Circumflex
Lateral
Circumflex
Obturator
Inferior gluteal

www.ganfyd.org

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Nerves
Femoral (from nerve to rectus femoris)
Obturator (anterior division)
Sciatic (articular twigs)
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Pain arising in hip joint may be referred to the
knee.
In Adduction and abduction- the
femoral head rotates in the
acetabulum about an anteroposterior
axis.
Adduction is limited by contact with
the other leg, range is 30 degrees.
It is produced by the adductor longus,
brevis, magnus and the gracilis and
pectineus.
Abduction- is limited by tension in the
adductors and in the pubofemoral
ligament.,range is 60 degrees.
It is brought about by the gluteus
medius and gluteus minimus
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Movements
The hip joint is the most mobile joint in the
lower limb.
It is capable of flexion and extension,
abduction and adduction, medial and
lateral rotation and all of these in a circular
motion- circumduction
Movements Lateral rotation- by the
gluteus maximus, quadratus
femoris, piriformis,
Flexion-the head of femur
rotates about a transverse axis obturator internus and
that passes through the externus, gemelli
acetabula .
It is limited by the thigh
touching the abdomen, the
Medial rotation- by the
range is 120 degrees. anterior part of the glueteus
It is mainly due to contraction minimus and medius and
of the iliopsoas muscle, with
help from the sartorius, rectus tensor fasciae latae muscles
femoris, and pectineus.
Extension- it is limited by Range is about 40 degrees
tension in the iliofemoral
ligament ,range is 20 degrees. for both the movements.
It is brought about chiefly by
the guteus maximus muscles
with help by the hamstrings.
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Applied anatomy Perthes disease

Head of femur Destruction and
shifts upwards. flattening of
head of femur
Lurching gait

Tredlenburg test
is positive

Coxa vara and Coxa Valga Fracture neck of femur

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Displacement of greater trochanter

Nelatons line and Bryants triangle

- View of the outer

surface of the bones
of the hip. showing
Roser-Nelaton line (a
d); Bryant's triangle (a
b c - b c being its
base)

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