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Constitutive Modeling
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Effective Stress
Elastic (linear/ non-linear/ visco-elastic)
Perfectly plastic
Mohr Coulomb (Elastic/ Perfectly plastic)
Cam Clay
Multi Yield Surface Models
Bounding Surface Plasticity
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Elasto Plasticity
Elastic-Friction Model
Deformation
Yield Surface
=(-p)
Yield funtion:
f=||-<0
dp=sign()
p Loading/ Unloading
Consistency
Upon loading, df=0
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Hardening
Kinematic Hardening Isotropic Hardening
y yn
2y 2yn
Yield Surfaces, 2D
Mohr Coulomb
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Yield Surfaces
Mohr Coulomb
q,
s
Yield Surface
Dilation Surface
p, v
Mohr Coulomb
Statically great for a variety of problems
Foundations
Slope Stability
Gravity Walls
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Yield Surfaces
3D Principal Space
Loading-Unloading
Stress paths moving away from the yield
surface are in general defined as loading
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Neutral Loading
Rotation of principal stresses
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Dafalias Manzari
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(kPa)
(kPa)
(kPa)
0 00
-10 0 20 40 60 80 100 -0.04
-0.04 -0.02
-0.02 -10 00
-10 0.02
0.02 0.04
0.04
-20 -20
-20
-30 -30
-30
-40 -40
-40
-50 -50
-50
v (kPa)
0.25
Dr=50%
0.2
0.15
/v0
0.1 =1%
=2.5%
0.05
0
1 10 100
N
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Dafalias Manzari
Pitfalls
The model does not predict cycle to cycle
evolving damage (changes in the stress strain
properties are mainly attributed to the
increase of excess pore pressure)
Critical State is unique
Multi-Yield-Surface
Yield Surface
Yang et al
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Multi-Yield-Surface
Yield Surface
Yang et al
Model Hardening
Yang et al
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Multi-Yield-Surface:
Success
Yang et al
Multi-Yield-Surface:
Success
Relatively Simple
Can model Excess Pore Pressure Accumulation
Can model accumulative Damage Effects
Can model stress level dependence
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Multi-Yield-Surface: Pitfalls
Properties have to be calculated at every void
ratio
Phase transformation angle is a property for a
specific voids ratio (we know that it depends
on stress level)
History
Perfect Plasticity
Hypoplasticity
Statistical Mechanics,
Von Mises (1913)
Thermodynamics
Micromechanics
Mohr Coulomb (1776)
Cam Clay
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4/29/2009
Future
A lot of improvements on the current models.
Shear banding, localization. Monte Carlo
simulations.
Multi-axial Conditions
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