INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Official Journal of the International Energy and

Environment Foundation

ISSN 2076-2895 (Print) ISSN 2076-2909 (Online)

Volume 7, Issue 5, 2016

2016 International Energy and Environment Foundation. All rights reserved

 Aims and Scope
The International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE) is the official journal of the International Energy and
Environment Foundation (IEEF). The journal is a multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed open access journal, covering
all areas of energy and environment related fields that apply to the science and engineering communities. The
journal enjoys the full support of the IEEF, who provide funds to cover all costs of publication, including the
Article Processing Charges for all authors. Therefore the journal is both free to read and free to publish in for
everyone. IJEE aims to promote rapid communication and dialogue among researchers, scientists, and engineers
working in the areas of energy and environment. The journal provides a focus for activities concerning the
development, assessment and management of energy and environment related programs. The emphasis is placed
on original research, both analytical and experimental, which is of permanent interest to engineers and scientists,
covering all aspects of energy and environment. It is hoped that this journal will prove to be an important factor in
raising the standards of discussion, analyses, and evaluations relating to energy and environment programs. All
manuscripts with significant research results in the areas of energy and environment and their application are
welcome. The scope of the journal encompasses the following:
Energy Environment
Fuel cells and their applications. Energy and environmental impact.
Hydrogen energy. Thermal, acoustic, visual, air quality building
Photovoltaic technology conversion. science and human impacts.
Solar thermal applications. Eco-design of energy-related products.
Wind energy. Green electric and electronics.
Hydro energy. Solutions for mitigating environmental
Biomass and bioenergy. impacts and achieving low carbon, sustainable
Wave and tide energy. built environments.
Geothermal energy. Technologies and integrated systems for high
Fuel flexibility and alternatives. performance buildings and cities.
Micro- and nano-energy systems and technologies. Tools for the design and decision-making
Hybrid / integrated energy systems. community, including tested computational,
Energy conversion, conservation and management. economic, educational and policy tools.
Energy efficient buildings. Environment and sustainable development.
Energy generation and energy storage. Quality assurance / control.
Energy modelling and prediction. Emissions reduction.
Energy and sustainable development. Waste management.
Energy efficiency and sustainability inherent in Evaluation & management of environmental
heritage places. risk and safety.
Fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, including Advanced visualization techniques, virtual
CFD, heat transfer and combustion. environments and prototyping.

A note to authors
Submission of articles
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an
abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other
language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. The submitting author is
responsible for obtaining agreement of all co-authors as well as any sponsors' required consent before submitting a
paper. Responsibility for the content of a paper lays on the Authors and not on the Editors or the Publisher. All authors
must complete the 'Journal Copyright and License Agreement' before the article can be published. Authors are
encouraged to use the IEEF Document Template for preparing manuscripts for submission. The Paper Template
represents the author guidelines and desired layout final manuscript of International Journal of Energy and Environment
(IJEE). Full instructions can be found on the journal homepage (http://www.IJEE.IEEFoundation.org).

Your Submitted Article

Your article will be peer-reviewed and if accepted will be published very fast.
Your biography will appear at the end of your article.
Your article will be published free of charge. The Authors do not pay any kind of publication fees.
Your article will be published around the world in full color. Free use of color where this enhances the article.
Your article can be read by potentially millions of readers, which is incomparable to publishing in a traditional
subscription journal. All interested readers can read, download, and/or print your article at no cost!
Your article will obtain more citations.
Moreover, all articles are indexed by the major indexing media therefore providing the maximum exposure to
the articles.

ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909 (Online), 2016 International Energy and Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Official Journal of the International Energy & Environment Foundation
Journal homepage: www.IJEE. IEEFoundation.org
Editor-in-Chief
Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi
President of the International Energy and Environment Foundation (IEEF), Najaf, P.O.Box. 39, Iraq.
Associate Editor
Hashim R. Abdol Hamid
Vice President of the International Energy and Environment Foundation (IEEF), Najaf, P.O.Box. 39, Iraq.
Editorial Advisory Board
Tarek Abdel-Salam
Center of Sustainable Energy, Department of
Engineering, East Carolina University, 207 Slay
Bldg.,Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA.
Amitava Bandyopadhyay
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Calcutta, 92, A.P.C.Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
Angelo Basile
Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National
Research Council, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria,
via P. Bucci, cubo 17/C, 87030 Rende (CS), Italy.
Wojciech Budzianowski
Wroclaw University of Technology, ul. Wybrzeze
Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
Evangelos G. Giakoumis
School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical
University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St.,
Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece.
Eloy Velasco Gomez
ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Valladolid,
Paseo del Cauce, no 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
Arunachala Nadar Kannan
Department of Engineering Technology, TECH 156,
Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd,
Mesa, AZ 85212, U.S.A.
T. Lu
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,
Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
100029, P.R.China.
A. Mani
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Lab., Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Madras, Chennai 36, Pincode 600 036, India.
Meng Ni
Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong.
S-J Park
Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253
Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu 402-751, Korea (south).
ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909 (Online) 2016 International Energy & Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.
Andreas Poullikkas
Electricity Authority of Cyprus, 1399 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Md. Mujibur Rahman
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Km 7, Jalan
Kajang-Puchong, 43009 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Julien Ramousse
Polytech'Savoie, Universit de Savoie, Campus
scientifique, Savoie Technolac, 73376 Le Bourget, du Lac,
CEDEX, France.
Teemu Rasanen
Research Group of Environmental Informatics,
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of
Kuopio, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Marc A. Rosen
University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of
Engineering and Applied Science, 2000 Simcoe Street
North, Oshawa, Ontario, L1H 7K4, Canada.
David Michael Rowe
Cardiff School of Engineering, Queen's Buildings,
Newport Road Cardiff CF24 1XF, U.K.
Hisham M. Sabir
Kingston University, Faculty of Engineering, Friars
Avenue, London SW15 3DW, U.K.
Suresh Babu Sadineni
Center for Energy Research, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering,
University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) 89154-4027,
U.S.A.
Bidyut Baran Saha
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National
University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576,
Singapore.
Vicente Salas
Department of Electronic Technology, Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, 28911
Leganes, Madrid, Spain.
Amin U. Sarkar
School of Business, Alabama A&M University, Normal
(Huntsville), AL 35762, U.S.A.
iv International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 7, Issue 5, 2016
Moinuddin Sarker
Natural State Research, Inc., 37 Brown House Road
(Second Floor), Stamford, CT-06902, USA.
Joop Schoonman
Department DelftChemTech: Materials for Energy
Conversion and Storage, Delft University of Technology,
Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
Tomonobu Senjyu
University of the Ryukyus, Faculty of Engineering, 1
Senbaru Nishihara-cho Nakagami Okinawa 903-0213,
Japan.
Jose Ramon Serrano
Universidad Politcnica de Valencia, CMT-Motores
Trmicos, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Haroun A.K. Shahad
Department of Mechanical engineering, University of
Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
Rajnish N. Sharma
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New
Zealand.
S.A. Sherif
HVAC Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, 232 MAE
Bldg. B, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6300, U.S.A.
Shailendra Kumar Shukla
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of
Technology, B.H.U., Varanasi-221005, India.
Rayan Slim
Center for Energy and Processes, Ecole des Mines de
Paris, 104 Bobillot Street, 75013 Paris, France.
Laizhou Song
Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,
Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province,
P.R.China.
Adnan Sozen
Department of Mechanical Education, Gazi University,
Technical Education Faculty 06500 Teknikokullar,
Ankara Turkey.
Roland Span
Lehrstuhl fr Thermodynamik, Ruhr-University Bochum,
D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
Anurag K. Srivastava
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State
University, 216 Simrall Hall, Hardy Road, Mississippi
State, MS 39762, U.S.A.
Rosetta Steeneveldt
Research Centre Trondheim, StatoilHydro, Arkitekt
Ebbells vei 10, N 7005 Trondheim, Norway.
Athina Stegou-Sagia
School of Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Thermal Engineering, National Technical University of
Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str. Zografou 157 80,
Athens, Greece.
Peter Stigson
School of Sustainable Development of Society and
Technology, M?lardalen University, 721 23 V?ster?s,
Sweden.
ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909 (Online) 2016 International Energy & Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.
Anna Stoppato
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Padova, via Venezia, 1-35131 Padova, Italy.
Michael Stoukides
Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
Jian-Feng Sun
College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural
University of Hebei, Baoding City, Hebei Province,
071000 P.R.China.
Stanislaw Szwaja
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Michigan
Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive,
Houghton, MI, 49931, U.S.A.
David S-K. Ting
Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering,
University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4,
Canada.
G. N. Tiwari
Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology
Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110 016, India.
Bor-Jang Tsai
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Hua
University, No. 707, Sec. 2, Wu Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300,
Taiwan.
Athanasios Tsolakis
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K.
Per Tunestal
Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, SE-221
00 Lund, Sweden.
Aynur Ucar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Firat University,
Elazig, Turkey.
Despina Vamvuka
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical
University of Crete, University Campus, Hania 73100,
Crete, Greece.
Virendra Kumar Vijay
Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi
110016, India.
Shengwei Wang
Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
Yi-Ming Wei
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research
(CEEP), Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 South
Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081,
P.R.China.
Samantha Wijewardane
Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Science and
Technology (LAMSAT), Department of Physics,
University of South Florida,4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa,
FL 33620, USA.
Gwomei Wu
Chang Gung University, 259 Wen Hua 1st Road,
Kweisan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
 International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 7, Issue 5, 2016 v

Contents
Full factorial experimental design analysis of Rhodamine B removal from water 357-374
using organozeolite from coal bottom ash.
Raquel R. Alcntara, Rafael O. R. Muniz, Denise A. Fungaro

Improving the productivity of solar still using evacuated tubes. 375-382

Qays A.Rashak, Ala'a A. Jassim, Husam N. Khanfoos

Investigation on used oil and engine components of vehicles road test using twenty 383-396
percent Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (B20).
Ihwan Haryono, Muhammad Maruf, Hari Setiapraja

Detached-Eddy Simulations (DES) of a complex swirl stabilized gas turbine model 397-416
combustor.
Ahlem Ben Sik Ali, Wassim Kriaa, Hatem Mhiri, Philippe Bournot

Four MATLAB-Simulink models of photovoltaic system. 417-426

Jawad Radhi Mahmood, Nasir Hussein Selman

Scale-up criterion of power consumption for a surface aerator used in wastewater 427-434
treatment tank.
Hayder M. Issa

Numerical validation of the thermal quadrupoles method for a flow in a 435-442

microchannel.
Sabrine Mejri, Olivier Fudym, Jalila Sghaier, Ahmed Bellagi

Announcements - IEEF Release

BOOK: CFD Applications in Energy and Environment Sectors: Volume 1.
Editors: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi and Hashim R. Abdol Hamid (ISBN 13: 978-1-46623-065-1)

BOOK: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics: Volume 1.

Editor: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-46623-106-1)

BOOK: CFD Modeling in Development of Renewable Energy Applications.

Editor: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-46623-131-3)

BOOK: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics: Volume 2.

Editor: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-47832-935-0)

BOOK: PEM Fuel Cells - Fundamentals, Modeling, and Applications.

Author: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-48197-823-1)

ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909 (Online) 2016 International Energy & Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.
vi International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 7, Issue 5, 2016

BOOK: Alternative Fuels Research Progress.

Editor: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-48405-771-1)

BOOK: Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications in Green Design.

Editor: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-49487-575-6)

BOOK: Stress Redistribution in Composite Materials.

Author: Luay S. Alansari (ISBN 13: 978-1-49730-742-1)

BOOK: PEM Fuel Cells from Single Cell to Stack - Fundamental, Modeling, Analysis, and Applications.
Author: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-50588-564-4)

BOOK: Dynamic Analysis Investigation of Stiffened and Un-Stiffened Composite

Laminated Plate Subjected to Transient Loading.
Author: Muhannad Al-Waily (ISBN 13: 978-1-50757-536-9)

BOOK: Analytical and Numerical Buckling and Vibration Investigation of

Isotropic and Orthotropic Hyper Composite Materials Structures.
Author: Muhannad Al-Waily (ISBN 13: 978-1-50588-564-4)

BOOK: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics: Volume 3.

Editor: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-51178-878-6)

BOOK: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics: Volume 4.

Editor: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-51197-480-6)

BOOK: Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Finite Element Methods in

Engineering Education: Volume 1.
Author: Maher A.R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi (ISBN 13: 978-1-51212-242-8)

ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909 (Online) 2016 International Energy & Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.