TEST - 1

PAPER CODE: 01

Indian Polity
(NCERT)
Time Allowed: 2 Hrs. Maximum Marks: 200

Roll No.:

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1. Which of the following vision and goals has/ 4. Which of the following are the indirect benefits
have been added in the Constitution to ban of Mid Day Meal?
practice of discrimination? 1. It promotes socialization among students.
1. Declared untouchability as crime and 2. It provides employment opportunities.
legally abolished it by law.
3. It mobilize community support by linking
2. Opened recruitment process for
NGOs and SHGs.
government job to all.
4. It improve attendance.
3. Placed the responsibility of determining
special steps to realize Right to Equality Codes:
for all people on the government
irrespective of major or marginal (a) 1 and 3
communities. (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3
Codes:
(d) All
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 3 5. The public health service is a chain of health
(c) 1 and 2 centres and hospitals run by the government.
(d) All What are the obligations of the Government
in public health services?
2. Which of the following statements is/are 1. Government is committed of providing

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correct with respect to different forms of healthcare to all citizens by using the
government? resources obtained from the taxes.
OR
1. Democracy: The government has to 2. Government is committed of providing
explain its actions and defend its decisions quality health care services free of cost to
to the people. all marginalized people.
2. Monarchy: Whole power and authority
3. Government is committed to take action
of a nation rests in one person's hand not
to prevent the spread of diseases.
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hereditary in nature and ruler does not

have legal restrictions or political barriers. Codes:
3. Autocracy: A king has absolute powers (a) 1 and 2
to rule the country.
(b) 2 and 3
Codes: (c) Only 2
(a) Only 1 (d) All
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(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 6. Which of the following factors is/are
responsible for the evolution of 'diversity in
(d) None
India'?
3. Which of the following statements defines the 1. Geography of a region
basic features of a democracy? 2. History of that region
1. People vote for their representatives 3. Migration
during elections but elections can be held
4. Type of government
randomly.
2. People rule themselves by participating in Codes:
the making of the rules. (a) Only 1
3. People have economic and political
(b) 1 and 2
freedom.
(c) 2 and 3
Codes: (d) All
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 3 7. Which of the following statements is/are true
about the Gram Sabha?
(c) 2 and 3
1. All people living in a village or a group of
(d) Only 2
villages are members of the Gram Sabha.
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 2. All the plans for work of Gram Panchayat 10. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly
have to be approved by Gram Sabha. matched?
3. For better implementation of some specific 1. T.T.Krishnamachari - Member of drafting
tasks, Gram Sabha form committees. committee and Finance Minister in the
Union Cabinet.
4. The elected Secretary of the Gram Sabha
calls the meeting and keeps a record of 2. H. C. Mookherjee - Vice-Chairman of the
the proceedings. Constituent Assembly.
3. Jaipal Singh - Defence Minister in the
Codes: Union Cabinet.
(a) 2 and 3
Codes:
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(a) 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(b) Only 2
(d) All (c) 1 and 2
8. Which of the following statements is/are (d) All
correct with respect to the independence of
11. Which of the following statements is/are true
judiciary? regarding provisions related to the state

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1. 'Separation of powers' is an essential government?
condition for independence of judiciary. 1. In state, government is formed by the
2. Independence of judiciary is necessary for support of majority of MLAs respective
protection of fundamental rights.
3. According to it, the legislature and the
executive cannot interfere in the work of
OR of number of votes polled in their favour.
2. MLAs belonging to the majority party
appoint their leader as Chief Minister and
Governor appoints the other ministers.
the judiciary at all.
3. Laws for a particular state are made by
SC
Codes: the legislature and being implemented by
(a) 1 and 2 the permanent executives.
(b) 2 and 3 Codes:
(c) Only 3 (a) 1 and 3
(d) All (b) 1 and 2
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9. Which of the following initiatives and core (c) Only 3

value of the constitution linked to it is/are
incorrectly matched?
12. Which of the following statement defines the
1. Government should regulate the
ownership of land and industry to reduce
socio-economic inequalities. - Equality
Principle under Preamble.
2. The government should ensure equal
opportunity for all. - Socialistic Principle
under Preamble.
3. No one should treat a fellow citizen as
inferior. - Fraternity Principle under
Preamble.
(d) All
role played by media in democracy?
1. Media acts as a crucial watchdog to the
democratic elections.
2. The media provide an outlet for political
parties and candidates to communicate
their messages to the public, this improves
participation.
3. Media inform people about the events
taking place in the country and the world
to improve their decision making power.

Codes: Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (c) 1 and 3
(d) All (d) All

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13. What purposes are served by the 2. Preventing marginalized people from
'Constitution'? entering temples.
1. It prevents the misuse of authority given 3. Preventing marginalized people from the
to the political leaders. usage of public utilities.
2. It only reflects the ideals that the citizens
have to follow to maintain peace and Codes:
stability. (a) Only 2
3. In a democratic society, it denies (b) 1 and 2
domination by the majority to a minority. (c) 2 and 3
4. Its rigid nature gives assurance about the (d) All
permanence of its fundamental provisions.
17. Which of the following pairs are correctly
Codes:
matched?
(a) 1 and 2
1. An incinerator has been opened in the
(b) 2 and 3 residential area: violates Article 21.
(c) 1, 3 and 4 2. A teacher has been removed from school
(d) All on the pretext of suffering from AIDS:
violates Article 14, 15 and 16.
14. Which of the following pair(s) is/are correct?
3. Employing a child of 16 years in carpet

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1. Federalism: Each organ of the state
checks on power of others and thus industry: violates Article 21-A.
ensures balance of power.
OR
Codes:
2. Secularism: There is no state religion.
(a) 1 and 2
3. Parliamentary form of government: Party
(b) 2 and 3
with maximum number of votes form
government. (c) 1 and 3
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(d) All
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 18. Which of the following statements is/are true
(b) Only 2 about the Parliament?
(c) 2 and 3 1. It consists of Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha.
(d) All 2. Rajya Sabha functions as representative
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of states and its members are elected by

15. Which of the following characteristics
differentiate between the Democratic and
Non-Democratic form of elections?
1. Universal Adult Franchise.
2. Parties and candidates should be free to
contest elections.
3. The choice should be offered at regular
intervals.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All
16. Which of the activities are prohibited under
the Article 17 of the Constitution?
1. Preventing marginalized people from
educating themselves.
the Legislative Council of various states.
3. Parliament plays a role of controlling,
guiding & informing the government
through the use of Question Hour.
Codes:
(a) Only 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) Only 3
(d) All
19. Which of the following statements are correct
with respect to the different branches of Legal
system?
1. Criminal Law deals with conduct or acts
that the law defines as offences.
2. Civil Law deals with any harm or injury
to rights of individuals.

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 3. Under Criminal Law at first instance a
petition has to be filed before the relevant
court by the affected party only.
4. Dowry, Divorce cases and theft come
under criminal law.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) All
20. Which of the following statements correctly
defines the role played by the opposition party
for maintaining healthy democracy?
1. It highlights drawbacks in various policies
and programmes of the government.
2. It act as watchdog in different
parliamentary Committees.
3. S.H.O of the nearest police station and
Revenue Officer supervise over the works
of a Patwari.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All
23. Which of the following statement regarding
Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 is
correct?
(a) It gives equal rights to ancestral property
to daughters.
(b) The law will give property rights to a
daughter even if the father died before
the amendment came into force (2005).

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3. It plays an important role in appointment (c) The daughter concerned should be born
of head of CBI and NHRC. after 2005.

Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
OR (d) All the above statements are correct.

24. Which of the following are the sources of

funds for Municipalities?
(c) 1 and 3 1. Property Tax.
SC
(d) All 2. Tax collected from shops, hotels, etc.
21. What are the different ways through which 3. Taxes for providing education and other
people participate in the democratic process? amenities.
1. Contributing money to a party or 4. Centrally Sponsored Schemes.
candidate. 5. Grants from states.
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2. Attending political meetings to gain

information, discuss issues, or lend Codes:
support. (a) 1 and 2
3. Demonstrating through marches, boycotts, (b) 1, 2 and 3
sit-ins, or other forms of protest.
(c) 1, 2, 4 and 5
Codes: (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
(a) Only 3
25. Which of the following provisions in the
(b) 1 and 3
Constitution are related to Health Services?
(c) 2 and 3
1. Article 38
(d) All
2. Article 39(e)
22. Which of the following statements is/are true 3. Article 24
about Patwari?
4. Article 48A
1. His main work is to issue caste certificate,
birth certificate, etc and also to preside Codes:
over the cases of land dispute.
(a) 1, 2 and 4
2. He is responsible for organising the
collection of land revenue from the farmers (b) 2, 3 and 4
and providing information to the (c) 1 and 4
government about the crops grown. (d) All

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26. What prevents the media from being
independent and fair?
1. Government controls them through
censorship.
2. Media channels are run and managed by
business houses for the sake of profit.
3. Media lacks technology and manpower
to work independently.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All
27. Which of the following statements is/are true
about 'putting-out-system' in market?
1. In this system, merchant supplies raw
materials and receives finished products.
2. This system in market works more in the
favour of cottage & small scale industries.
OR
3. This system is widely prevalent in
weaving industry in India.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
SC
(b) Only 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All
28. Which of the following statements is/are
correctly matched?
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1. Prejudice - means to judge other people
through pre-conceived opinion either
favourable or unfavourable.
2. Stereotypes - means to fix others into one
particular criteria based on their religion,
caste, gender, etc.
3. Discrimination - is the action part of the
prejudice and stereotype mentality.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All
29. What does the word state in INDIAN
STATE depicts in the Constitution?
(a) State depicts an entity responsible for
administering and enforcing laws.
(b) State refers to a political institution that
represents a sovereign people who occupy
a definite territory.
(c) State refers to authorities exercising
governmental or sovereign functions.
(d) State refers to constitutional, statutory and
quasi-judicial bodies.
30. Which of the following statements is/are true
about Indian secularism?
1. Indian state maintains in principle
distance vis-a-vis all religions.
2. Indian state follows policy of 'non-
interference' along with policy of
intervention at same time based on
western concept of secularism.
3. Government spaces do not display or
promote any one religion.
Codes:
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(a) 1 and 3
(b) Only 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All
31. Which of the following statements depict the
role of higher judiciary?
1. To decide upon disputes between state of
Maharashtra and state of Gujarat.
2. To ensure that the laws passed by state
legislative assemblies are constitutional.
3. To protect the right to freedom of religion
of minority sections.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 1 (d) All
32. Consider the following statements related to
the Public Interest Litigation:
1. Public Interest Litigation is an explicit
provision of the constitution which the
Supreme Court adheres to.
2. A letter written to the Supreme Court can
be admitted as a petition.
3. It allows any individual or organisation
to file a PIL in the High Court or the
Supreme Court on behalf of those whose
rights are being violated.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
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33. For recognition of the Right to Equality which 36. Which of the following statements is/are true
of the following provisions are added in the about the Parliament as mentioned in the
constitution? Constitution?
1. Every person has to obey same law in the 1. Rajya Sabha has the power to review and
same manner irrespective of his/her alter all the bills passed by Lok Sabha.
identity. 2. In Lok Sabha seats are reserved for
2. Every person has access to all public Scheduled castes (SCs), Scheduled
places including playgrounds, hotels, tribes(STs) and Other Backward
shops and markets. Classes(OBCs) to give them adequate
3. Every person has the right to from representation.
associations and assembles peacefully 3. There are 12 nominated members in Rajya
without arms. Sabha and 2 such members in Lok Sabha.
Codes:
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(a) Only 3
(b) 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 1
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All

34. What is true about the healthcare services in
India?
1. According to constitution it is the primary
duty of the government to provide health
care facilities to its people.
2. India has one of the largest numbers of
doctors in world and thus number of
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doctors per 1 million people is much
adequate.
3. India is the largest producer of medicines
worldwide.
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(d) All
37. Which of the following rights are guaranteed
OR under Article 22 of the Constitution?
1. The Right to be informed at the time of
arrest of the offence for which the person
is being arrested.
2. The Right to be presented before District
Magistrate within 24 hours.
3. The arrestee may be permitted to meet
his lawyer during interrogation, though
not throughout the interrogation.

Codes: Codes:
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(a) Only 1 (a) Only 1

(b) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3
(d) All (d) All
35. Which of the following forms of 38. Which of the following listed fundamental
advertisements comes under "Social rights are provided to dalits to attain self-
advertising segment"? respect and self-dignity?
1. Regarding educational rights of disabled 1. Equality before Law & Equal Protection
children. of Law.
2. Regarding crossing of unmanned railway 2. Right to freedom of religion.
crossings.
3. Right against Exploitation.
3. Regarding generation of awareness about
energy conservation and recycling. 4. Right to Constitutional Remedies.
4. Regarding information on development Codes:
programmes and policies.
(a) 1, 2 and 3
Codes: (b) 3 and 4
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 4 (d) All (d) All

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39. Democracy is a system of government that Which of the above statements is/are correct?
allows people to choose their rulers. Which of (a) 1 and 3
the following statement about democracy is (b) 2 and 3
incorrect?
(c) Only 2
(a) Democracy has not spread evenly in all
(d) All
parts of the world.
(b) Democracy is based on a free and fair 43. Which of the following is/are the democratic
election where those currently in power method of placing public opinion?
have a fair chance of losing. 1. Filing a case in the Lower court for
(c) Unelected military rulers having popular violation of rights.
support can be called democratic rulers. 2. Protesting for the wrong done to
vulnerable section.
(d) Democracy is based on the concept of one
vote one value. 3. Using NGOs to place public opinion before
government.
40. In 1928, a draft constitution was prepared by 4. Using the muscle and power of politicians.
members of Indian National Congress led by:
(a) Motilal Nehru Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Vallabhbhai Patel

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(b) 1 and 3
(c) S C Bose
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) T T Krishnamachary
OR
(d) 3 and 4
41. Which of the following pair(s) is/are correct?
44. What kind of gender based discrimination
1. Minimum Wages Act: Right to Equality. women usually face in India?
2. Environment (Protection) Act: Right to 1. They are being deprived of education thus
Life.
SC

literacy rate among women is low across

3. Prevention of Child Labour Act: Right all the sections of society.
against Exploitation. 2. Women in India constitute a very less
proportion of employed workforce and
Codes: mainly engaged in household works.
(a) Only 1 3. Social evil like Dowry related deaths are
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(b) Only 2 being faced by them.

(c) 2 and 3
Codes:
(d) None
(a) Only 1
42. Consider the following statements related to (b) 2 and 3
the Martial Law: (c) 1 and 3
1. Under this, civil administration is run by (d) All
the military authorities according to their
own rules and regulations framed under 45. Which of the following activities poses a
challenge to the idea of equality in a democracy?
the ordinary law.
1. Privatization of healthcare services.
2. Fundamental Rights get suspended while
martial law is in force in any area within 2. Control on media by business houses.
the territory of India. 3. Wages as per the gender of the worker.
3. Article 34 of the Constitution empowers 4. Growth of large number of intermediaries
the Parliament to validate any sentence in every supply chain.
passed, punishment inflicted, forfeiture
Codes:
ordered or other act done under martial
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
law in such area.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All

8
46. Which of the following statement/s defines 3. Entry of merchants & moneylenders in
the term 'Rule of Law'? tribal areas.
1. It signifies that in a diverse society 4. Control of state over forest and other
different communities should obey same natural resources.
laws equally.
Codes:
2. It was introduced by British colonists in
(a) 1, 2 and 3
India.
(b) 2, 3 and 4
3. It states that a set of fixed procedures need
to be followed when a law is violated. (c) Only 3
(d) All
Codes:
50. The constituencies for conducting election for
(a) 1 and 2
assembly or Lok Sabha are delimited with an
(b) Only 2 aim of:
(c) 2 and 3 (a) Coinciding constituency boundary with
(d) All administrative boundary.
(b) Maintaining uniform geographical area
47. Which Article of the Constitution places a duty under each constituency.

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upon the State to provide a lawyer to any
(c) Achieving practical convenience for free
citizen who is unable to engage one due to and fair elections.
poverty or other disability?
(a) Article 22
(b) Article 39A
(c) Article 48A
OR (d) Having equal value of individual vote in
each constituency.

51. Which of the following is/are the

disadvantages of democratic system?
(d) Article 20
SC
1. The election process of representative
48. Which of the following are the features of government focuses solely on the majority.
Fair Trial? 2. It is based on electoral competition thus
breeds corruption.
1. The trial to be held in open court in public
view. 3. It leads to instability and delay in decision
making.
2. The judge should assume the accused to
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be innocent. Codes:
3. The defense lawyer gets rights to cross- (a) 1 and 2
examines all the witnesses. (b) 2 and 3
4. The Prosecution has to prove beyond a (c) Only 3
reasonable doubt that the accused is (d) All
guilty.
52. With reference to a political party 'recognised'
Codes: by the Election Commission of India, consider
(a) 1 and 2 the following statements:
(b) 1, 2 and 3 1. It gets a unique symbol to contest elections.
(c) 2, 3 and 4 2. To get recognized as a state party, a party
has to secure at least four percent of votes
(d) All
and win at least two seats in Legislative
Assembly of a given state.
49. What factor(s) have led to the marginalization
of adivasis in the Indian society? Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. Developmental model works by the (a) Only 1
government in tribal majority regions. (b) Only 2
2. Unique culture and lack of integration by (c) Both
the people.
(d) None

9
53. What impact does advertising have on a
democratic society?
1. Advertising favours only big or medium
businessmen and acts against the interests
of small cottage industries.
2. It plays with emotions of common people.
3. It provides the opportunity to common
people to express their opinions.
4. It influences public opinion to certain
extent.
57. Which of the following provisions is/are
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) All
54. What are the important reasons to separate
state from religion?
1. The end of the World War- II and a
decade after that.
2. The disintegration of Soviet Union in 1991.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) None
included in the Model Code of Conduct?
1. No party or candidate can use any place
of worship for election propaganda.
2. No candidate can expend more than Rs.
70 lakh for each Lok Sabha constituency
in bigger states and Rs 54 lakh in smaller
states for Lok Sabha elections.
3. The election rallies and road shows must

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1. To prevent the tyranny of the majority not hinder the road traffic.
group on the minorities.
OR
2. To uphold the Fundamental Rights & Codes:
Fundamental Duties. (a) 1 and 2
3. To provide religious freedom to every (b) 1 and 3
individual.
(c) Only 1
SC

Codes: (d) All

(a) 1 and 3
58. Under the Indian Constitution, an ethic
(b) Only 2 minority has right to:
(c) 2 and 3 (a) Have proportional representation in
(d) All government.
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55. Which of the following pair(s) is/are correctly (b) Get their language recognized as an
matched? official language of the state.
1. Cognizable: an offence for which the (c) Protection of their language and culture.
police can arrest a person only with the (d) Special treatment for seeking refuge in
permission of the court. other parts of the country.
2. Detention: the act of detaining someone
59. In democratic politics, pressure groups are a
in official custody.
general phenomenon. These pressure groups
3. Public Prosecutor: produce evidence in can be defined as:
support of victim.
(a) Groups with common interest that aims
Codes: at achieving political power.
(a) Only 1 (b) Groups based only on primordial identity
(b) Only 2 like caste or religion.
(c) 2 and 3 (c) Industrial groups and groups with only
vested interests that influence government
(d) All
stealthily.
56. Which of the following events have impacted (d) Organisations that attempt to influence
the formation of democratic governments government policies but do not directly
around the world? aim at political power.

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60. In an Indian democratic setup, the judiciary is:
(a) Independent generally but follows
executive command on certain issues.
(b) Independent in functioning and projects
the rights of all involved.
(c) Applies law and adjudicates without
being concerned of independence.
(d) Depends upon the constitutional design
which is guardian of fundamental duties.
61. Consider the following statements regarding
the Question Hour:
1. The Parliament, while in session, begins
with question hour.
2. Functionalities of question hour are to
control the executive and to alert the
ruling party of its shortcomings.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are true?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) None
62. Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
SC
enjoys same status as that of:
(a) High Court Judge
(b) Chairman of UPSC
(c) Supreme Court judge
(d) CJI of India
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63. Consider the following statements regarding
a Constitutional Amendment Bill:
1. If the Constitutional Amendment Bill is
not passed by one of the houses of the
parliament, the bill will be lapsed.
2. Constitutional Amendment cannot be
introduced by private member.
Which of the above statement(s) is/ are true?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) None
64. Regarding the distribution of powers between
center and state, which of the following
statement is incorrect?
(a) Both the Center and State can make laws
on residuary subjects.
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(b) The matters that require uniformity across
the nation are in Central List.
(c) State list has less items than the central
list.
(d) Education is a subject under concurrent
list.
65. In a democratic society what are the reasons
behind the prevailing inequality among
different players in the market?
1. Big businessmen have huge capital to run
an enterprise.
2. Poor people depend on rich merchants
for loans, employment, raw materials, etc.
3. Various cooperatives have been formed
which tries to exert monopoly in the
market.
Codes:
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(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
OR
66. In a democracy, the final decision making
power should remain with:
(a) Those elected by the people
(b) The permanent executive
(c) The judiciary
(d) Government institutions
67. The provision of equal remuneration to women
and men for equal amount of work is
provided by which of the following
provisions?
1. Article 15 (Fundamental Rights)
2. Article 41 (DPSP)
3. Equal Wages Act (not mentioned in
Constitution).
Codes:
(a) 1 and 3 (b) Only 3
(c) 1 and 2 (d) All
68. Which of the following statement about
decentralization in India is incorrect?
(a) At least one third of all positions are
reserved for women.
(b) The State Election Commission conducts
election for panchayats and
municipalities.
(c) It is legally but not constitutionally
mandatory to hold regular elections to
local bodies.
(d) All voters in a village are members of Gram
Sabha.
69. The character and functions of a political 73. To foster respect for international law and
party include: treaty obligations in the dealings of organised
1. Contest elections and hold power in the people with one another comes under which
government. of the following?
2. Put forward policies and programme for (a) Fundamental Duties
voters to choose from them. (b) Directive Principle of State Policy
3. Reflect fundamental political divisions in (c) Fundamental Rights
a society.
(d) Preamble
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
74. Which of the following items were taken into
(a) Only 1
consideration by the SRC (State Re-
(b) 2 and 3 organization Commission), 1956 while re-
(c) 1, 2 and 3 adjusting the boundaries of Indian states?
(d) 1 and 3 1. Language
70. Consider the following statements: 2. Culture
1. The motion of No Confidence can only 3. Ethnicity
be passed by the Lok Sabha. 4. Geographical Boundaries
2. Rajya Sabha can debate the budget and
suggest changes but cannot reject it. Codes:

E
(a) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the above statements are correct?
(b) 2, 3 and 4
OR
(a) Only 1
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(b) Only 2
(d) All
(c) Both
(d) None 75. Which of the following items are mentioned
in the Right Against Exploitation of the
SC

71. Consider the following statements related to Fundamental rights?

the Princely states:
1. Human trafficking
1. Princely states were ruled indirectly by
the British government. 2. Untouchability
2. All these Princely states were free to join 3. Child as Industrial Worker
either India or Pakistan or remain 4. Forced labour
GS

independent if they so wished.

Codes:
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(a) Only 1
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(b) Only 2
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(c) Both
(d) 2, 3 and 4
(d) None
76. Which of the following steps can maintain
72. According to the Constitution of India, the
the internal democracy within the political
people of India constituted India into a state as
party?
1. Sovereign state
1. Keeping membership registers updated.
2. Democratic state
2. Conducting internal elections regularly.
3. Republican state
3. Decentralizing powers to local leaders.
4. Welfare state

Codes: Codes:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 3
(d) All (d) All

12
77. Which of the following statements related to
the concept of Citizenship is correct?
1. It places certain obligations on the state
to provide a collective political identity to
their members as well as certain rights.
2. It places certain obligations of citizens to
each other and to the society.
3. It considers citizen to be the inheritors
and trustees of the culture and natural
resources of the country.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 and 3
(d) All
78. Which of the following statements is/are
correct with respect to the concept of positive
(c) This indicates the principle of treating
people equally.
(d) This indicates the principle of treating
people equally irrespective of caste and
gender.
81. Economic, social and cultural rights are
integral parts of the human rights framework.
Which of the following economic rights are
provided to the citizens?
1. Right to favourable conditions of work.
2. Right to form and join trade unions.
3. Right to an adequate standard of living.
4. Right to Social security.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 3

E
liberty? (c) 1, 3 and 4
1. Positive liberty enables citizens to expand (d) All
their ability and talent.
2. Positive liberty checks excess of freedom
of an individual, which could be an
obstruction for social stability.
OR
82. Which of the following is/are true about
Proportional Representation System?
1. Under this candidate is declared winner
who secures the largest number of postal
SC
Codes: ballots.
(a) Only 1
2. In India only President Election and Rajya
(b) Only 2 Sabha election has the Proportional
(c) Both Representation System.
(d) None 3. Bi-elections are not possible in
Proportional Representation System.
GS

79. Which of the following are the examples of

the reasonable restrictions placed on Freedom Codes:
of Expression?
(a) 1 and 2
1. Censor board banning the portion of the
film. (b) Only 2
2. Contempt of the Court. (c) Only 3
3. Preventing all the criticism of the foreign (d) All
policy of the government.
83. Which of the following are the examples of
Codes: Affirmative actions by the government?
(a) 1 and 2 1. Banks offer higher rate of interest to senior
(b) Only 1 citizen.
(c) 1 and 3 2. No entrance fee for women in government
(d) All exams.
3. Reservation in recruitment process.
80. The principle of proportionate justice includes:
(a) This principle involves rewarding different Codes:
jobs differently on the basis of efforts and (a) Only 3
skills required and the danger involved. (b) 1 and 3
(b) This principle involves distributing (c) 2 and 3
rewards and duties on the basis of special
needs of people. (d) All

13
84. Which of the following is/are true about local Codes:
governments? (a) 1 and 2
1. It got statutory status only in 1993 by the (b) Only 2
act of Parliament. (c) 1 and 3
2. Seats are reserved for women only in the (d) None
Panchayats.
3. Panchayat Elections are conducted by the 88. Which of the following is/are discretionary
Chief Electoral Officer of a state appointed powers of the President?
by Chief Election Commissioner. 1. Under article 75, the President enjoys the
right to seek information from the PM
Codes: regarding the administration of the affairs
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 of the union.
(c) All (d) None 2. Ordinance making power.
3. President decides if he should dissolve Lok
85. Which of the following are the violations of Sabha or not when CoM loses the
Fundamental Rights? majority in Lok Sabha.
1. People in a village are unable to access
safe drinking water and safe environment. Codes:
2. People in a village are unable to avail (a) 1 and 2

E
unskilled employment. (b) Only 2
3. A christian community is not allowed to (c) Only 3
OR
carry on missionary activities. (d) 2 and 3

Codes: 89. Which of the following statements is/are true

(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 about the Rajya Sabha?
(c) Only 3 (d) 1 and 3 1. The representatives of each Union
Territory are indirectly elected by members
SC

86. Which of the following is/are true about the of an electroral college specially
Election Commission? constituted for the purpose
1. Chief Election Commissioner has same 2. It has equal powers with Lok Sabha in
power as other two commissioners. case of ordinary bill.
2. Removal procedure of Chief Codes:
GS

Commissioner and other commissioners

(a) Only 1
are same.
(b) Only 2
Codes: (c) Both
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (d) None
(c) Both (d) None
90. Which of the following is/are true about joint
87. Which of the following is/are true about two sitting of Parliament?
systems of government? 1. It can be arranged in case of all types of
1. In Parliamentary form of government bills.
Council of Ministers are collectively 2. It is presided over by the Vice-President.
responsible to the legislature. 3. It can be arranged even when bill is
2. In Presidential form of government pending in Rajya Sabha to remove the
President is the de facto head and is deadlock.
answerable to the voters rather than the
legislature. Codes:
3. In Presidential form of government (a) Only 1
President is not the part of parliament (b) 2 and 3
thus free from the evils of party influence (c) Only 3
in his daily administration. (d) None

14
91. Which of following pairs is/are correct? 95. Which of the following lacunas in local
1. Protecting Fundamental Rights: Original government have been removed by 73rd
Jurisdiction. Amendment Act?
2. Advises the President: Writ Jurisdiction. 1. It has brought uniformity in the electoral
3. Review decisions of lower courts: Special process at the local government.
Powers. 2. It has brought the provision of
decentralized planning.
Codes: 3. The dominance of feudal class and
(a) 1 and 2 landlords ended in elections.
(b) Only 2 4. It provided limited financial autonomy to
(c) Only 3 the panchayts in collection of taxes.
(d) None
Codes:
92. The 42nd Amendment Act has brought (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
changes in which of the following parts of (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) All
the Constitution?
1. Fundamental Rights 96. Which of the following statement is incorrect
2. Preamble with respect to the powers of the Election
Commission?

E
3. Transfer subjects from State list to
Concurrent list (a) It supervises the preparation of upto-date
voters list.
4. Added Fundamental Duties

Codes:
(a) 1 and 2
OR (b) It can postpone or cancel the election in
the entire country or a specific State or
constituency on the grounds that the
atmosphere is vitiated.
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) It implements a Model Code of Conduct
SC
(c) 1, 3 and 4
for parties and candidates.
(d) All
(d) It can appoint staff on contract basis
93. Which of the following provision of the Indian during the election process.
Constitution has been borrowed from the
South Africa? 97. The Prime Minister of India is:
(a) Provision of Due Procedure of Law. (a) Elected by the people
GS

(b) Procedure of Amendment of Constitution. (b) Elected by the Parliament

(c) Provision regarding trade, commerce and
intercourse.
(d) Provision of Residuary Powers with the
centre.
98. Which of the following statements related to
94. Which of the following is/are the contribution
of the Kesavananda Bharati case to the
evolution of the Constitution?
1. It allows the Parliament to amend any
and all parts of the Constitution but
within specific limits.
2. It makes Parliament as the final authority
in deciding what constitutes the basic
structure.
Codes:
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both
(d) None
(c) Appointed by the majority party or
coalition
(d) Appointed by the President of India
the Role of Governor during Presidents Rule
is correct?
1. During the Presidents rule, the Governor
may appoint advisors to assist him.
2. He can declare that the powers of the
state legislature are to be exercised by the
Parliament.
3. He can take all other necessary steps
including the suspension of the
constitutional provisions relating to
anybody or authority in the state.
Codes:
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 1 (d) All

15
99. Which of the following pairs of Inter-state 100. The Constitution (Ninety Seventh
Conflicts related to water is/are correctly Amendment) Act, 2011 relating to the co-
matched? operatives brought amendments in which of
1. Mahadayi Water Dispute between Goa, the following parts of the organization?
Karnataka and Maharashtra. 1. Part III
2. Vansadhara Water Dispute between 2. Part IV
Andhra Pradesh and Orissa 3. Part IX
3. Cauvery Water Dispute between 4. Part XI
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil
Nadu. Codes:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
Codes:
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(b) 2 and 3
(d) All
(c) 1 and 3
(d) None

E
OR
SC

GS

16

Indian Polity
(NCERT)
ANSWERS
1. (c)
Exp: Equality is not only a core value enshrined
in preamble but also a fundamental right
OR
included in Part III of the constitution.
SC
Other core values are Justice, Liberty &
Fraternity.
Untouchability as a practice is against the
concept of equality. It is the worst form of
discrimination. Thus Article 17 abolishes
it completely in all forms.
GS
Government including judiciary has the
responsibility for creating a level playing
field for all by providing opportunity for
recruitment. Government from time to time
give special privileges to women, SCs, STs,
OBCs, physically disables, etc. Hence
statement 3 is wrong. (Article 15)
2. (a)
Exp: In monarchy (king or queen) has the
power to make decisions and run the
government. The monarch may have a
small group of people to discuss matters
with, but the final decision-making power
remains with the monarch. Unlike in a
democracy, kings and queens do not have
to explain their actions or defend the
decisions they take.
Autocracy is the type of ruling system
where the whole power and authority of
Answers: (Test-1)
TEST - 1
PAPER CODE: 01
E
a nation rests in one person's hand. This
is also called as an absolute monarchy. In
an autocracy, the ruler does not have legal
restrictions or political barriers. H/she can
have the power to make any decision on
his/her own.
3. (c)
Exp: Though people vote for their leaders during
election, but these elections are to be held
at fixed intervals. Then only it qualifies to
be called as democracy.
In a democracy, government derives
authority only from people. People give the
mandate. People are the ultimate rulers.
So government has to be answerable to
people in a democracy.
There is Universal Adult Franchise i.e.
voting rights for every adult irrespective
of his religion, caste, gender, etc gives a
wide meaning to the democracy, without
which a country is not fully democratic
nowadays. This includes well educated &
informed citizens also.
4. (c)
Exp: Programme of providing Mid-Day Meal in
Schools is designed to help UEE in the
following ways:
By improving enrolment and regularity of
attendance.
[1]
 By reducing drop-out.
By improving children's level of learning
and self-esteem.
Indirect benefits are - promoting
socialisation among students, employment
opportunities, participation of NGOs, etc.
5. (d)
Exp: The health service is called 'public' for
many reasons. In order to fulfil its
commitment of providing health care to
all citizens, the government has established
hospitals and health centres. Also, the
resources needed to run these services are
obtained from the money that we, the
public, pay to the government as taxes.
Hence, such facilities are meant for
everyone. One of the most important
OR
aspects of the public health system is that
it is meant to provide quality health care
services either free or at a low cost, so that
even the poor can seek treatment. Another
important function of public health is to
take action to prevent the spread of
SC
diseases such as TB, malaria, jaundice,
cholera.
6. (d)
Exp: Both Geography and History of a region
leads to different kind of professions,
GS
habitats, clothing, etc which leads into
differences with respect to other regions
and ultimately resulting into diversity.
Migration leads to intermingling of people
from different cultures which leads to
cultural exchange, resulting into a hybrid
culture i.e. mix of both old & new ones.
Government has a vital role in either
promoting diversity (like that of India) or
suppressing diversity (like that of Pakistan
& N Korea). It depends on the attitude of
government towards minorities, migrants,
etc.
7. (a)
Exp: Only adult villagers who have the right to
vote can be member of Gram Sabha.
Persons below 18 years of age can't
become members.
[ 2 ]
Gram Sabha plays a supervisory and
monitoring role over Gram Panchayat by
approving it plan of work.
Gram Sabha form committees like
construction, animal husbandry, etc to
carry out some specific tasks.
The Gram Panchayat has a Secretary who
is also the Secretary of the Gram Sabha. This
person is not an elected person but is
appointed by the government. The Secretary
is responsible for calling the meeting of the
Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat and
keeping a record of the proceedings.
8. (a)
Exp: Separation of powers is necessary so that
E
other organs of the state do not encroach
upon the sphere of judiciary.
Only when courts are independent in their
functioning, they can act against the
violation of fundamental rights.
For independence of judiciary it is necessary
that judges should be removed only in
accordance with the provisions of the
constitution not as per whims & fancies of
anyone. Through the process of removal of
Judges, the checks and balances are
maintained.
9. (a)
Exp: Government should regulate the
ownership of land and industry to reduce
socio-economic inequalities. - Socialistic
Principle under Preamble. The government
should ensure equal opportunity for all. -
Equality Principle under Preamble.
10. (c)
Exp: Baldev Singh - Defence Minister in the
Union Cabinet.
11. (c)
Exp: Government is formed by the support of
majority of MLAs in the state irrespective
of number of votes polled in their favour.
This sometimes create paradoxical situation
where a party with more 50% winning
MLAs has less than even 30% of total votes
being polled in state.
Answers: (Test-1)
 Assembly is the official forum for debates
and discussions where executive has to
answer each and every MLA.
Laws are made by legislatures like
parliament at centre and legislative
assembly in states. These laws have to be
implemented by permanent executive.
12. (d)
Exp: Role of media played in democracy:
It is the backbone or the fourth pillar of a
democracy which makes us aware of
social, political and economical activities.
Provides news and discussing events taking
place in the country and the world.
It gives people information about how
government works.
It also give information about the election
OR
related news and results.
SC
It raises the issues or problems related to
the common people in front of politicians.
It also acts as a reminder for the politicians
or ministers about their promises.
13. (c)
GS
Exp: Political leaders have to obey the
provisions of constitution like Fundamental
Rights, Elections, Parliament form of
government, etc. Supreme Court is always
there as the guardian of constitution. Ideals
such as Justice, Equality, Liberty &
Fraternity are enshrined in the
Constitution. It places duties on both state
and citizens for maintenance of peace and
stability.
It ensures equal rights for all the groups.
It puts the onus of preventing the tyranny
of majority on 'state'. It also guarantees
certain fundamental rights to religious &
linguistic minorities.
The provisions of constitution give many
promises to the people. Its assurance is
necessary for a meaningful & well dignified
life for its citizens.
Answers: (Test-1)
14. (b)
Exp: Federalism is a political set up where
powers are shared between different tiers
of the government i.e. national, state &
local.
Separation of power is a concept where
each organ of the state checks on power of
others and thus ensures balance of power.
Secularism is where state doesn't promote
any religion as state religion. All religions
are treated equally.
Parliamentary form of government is a
system of government where executive is
E
the part of legislature and enjoys the support
of majority in legislature. Thus party with
support of majority of members in
legislature forms the government. Different
nations have different electoral process.
15. (d)
Exp: Minimum conditions of a democratic
election:
First, everyone should be able to choose.
This means that everyone should have one
vote and every vote should have equal
value.
Second, there should be something to
choose from. Parties and candidates
should be free to contest elections and
should offer some real choice to the voters.
Third, the choice should be offered at
regular intervals. Elections must be held
regularly after every few years.
Fourth, the candidate preferred by the
people should get elected.
Fifth, elections should be conducted in a
free and fair manner where people can
choose as they really wish.
16. (d)
Exp: Article 17 of the Constitution states that
untouchability has been abolished - what
this means is that no one can henceforth
prevent Dalits from educating themselves,
entering temples, using public facilities etc.
[3]
 It also means that it is wrong to practise
untouchability and that this practice will
not be tolerated by a democratic
government. In fact, untouchability is a
punishable crime.
17. (d)
Exp: Article 21 includes right to healthy
environment also
Article 21-A include right to education
Article 14 - right to equality
Article 15 - prohibition of discrimination
Article 16 - equal opportunity of
employment
18. (b)
Exp: Parliament consists of Lok Sabha, Rajya
Sabha & President. But as only has not
been placed in statement, it is correct.
OR
Rajya Sabha functions as representative of
states and its members are elected by the
elected members of legislative assembly of
all states plus Delhi & Puducherry.
SC
In parliamentary form of government,
council of ministers is collectively responsible
to the legislature. Hence parliament controls,
guides & inform the government.
19. (a)
GS
Exp: Divorce cases and property disputes come
under civil law.
Dowry harassment, murder, rape come
under criminal law.
Under criminal law at first instance FIR
has to be lodged with the police who
investigate the crime after which a case is
filed in the court.
20. (d)
21. (d)
Exp: People participate by taking an interest in
the working of the government and by
criticising it when required. Organize
dharnas, rallies, strikes, signature
campaigns etc. Contributing money to a
party or candidate is a form of participation
in electoral process.
[ 4 ]
22. (b)
Exp: Tehsildar has the responsibility to issue
caste certificate, birth certificate, etc and
also to preside over the cases of land
dispute, not Patwari. Patwari has the task
of measuring land and keeping land
records. The Patwari is also responsible for
organising the collection of land revenue
from the farmers and providing
information to the government about the
crops grown in this area.
S.H.O is there to maintain law & order and
investigate into the crimes. The role of
supervising Patwari is of Tehsildar.
23. (a)
E
Exp: This Act applies to a daughter of
coparcener, who is born before September
9, 2005 (and alive on 9 September 2005)
on which date the amendment came into
force. It does not matter whether the
daughter concerned was born before 1956
or after 1956 (when the actual Act came
into force) since date of birth was not a
criterion for application of the Principal
Act. And there is also no dispute about
the entitlement of daughters born on or
after September 9, 2005. According to
Supreme Court daughters right to
ancestral property does not arise if father
died before 2005.
24. (d)
Exp: Sources of funds for municipalities:
Property tax, tax from shops ,hotels,
cinema halls, etc, grants from states,
centrally sponsored schemes. It also
includes taxes for providing education &
other amenities.
25. (d)
Exp: Article 38 says that the state will secure a
social order for the promotion of welfare
of the people. Providing affordable
healthcare is one of the ways to promote
welfare.
Article 39(e) calls the state to make sure
that health and strength of workers, men
and women, and the tender age of children
are not abused.
Answers: (Test-1)
 Article 48A ensures that State shall
Endeavour to protect and impose the
pollution free environment for good health.
Article 24 is related to Child health.
26. (b)
Exp: Government censorship can be seen
through the incidents happened during
emergency (1975-77).
Media is profit generating enterprise being
run by money minded people.
Media has access to new technology and
adequate manpower.
27. (c)
Exp: As manufactures or cottage industries are
heavily dependent on merchants both for
capital and market, this system works in
favour of merchants mainly.
OR
Examples include a wide range of products
like food items, sports goods, household
SC
items, etc.
28. (d)
Exp: Both prejudices and stereotypes are
harmful for a democratic society. These
prevent the socio-economic growth of
GS
society; prevent intermingling of people
from different backgrounds and act
against the core values enshrined in the
preamble.
29. (b)
Exp: The word 'State' not refer to state
governments. Rather State is different from
Government. 'Government' is responsible
for administering and enforcing laws. The
government can change with elections.
The State on the other hand refers to a
political institution that represents a
sovereign people who occupy a definite
territory. We can, thus, speak of the Indian
State, the Nepali State etc. The Indian State
has a democratic form of government. The
government (or the executive) is one part
of the State. The State refers to more than
just the government and cannot be used
interchangeably with it.
Answers: (Test-1)
30. (a)
Exp: India doesn't have state religion.It doesn't
promote any religion as state religion. State
thus maintains equal distance from all
religions.
State usually doesn't interfere with
religions and gives them freedom to
manage their own affairs. But constitution
does permit intervention in
financial,economical,political or other
secular aspects of a religion. Thus Indian
state follows policy of 'non-interference'
along with policy of intervention at same
time.
E
Unlike the strict separation between
religion and the State in American
secularism, in Indian secularism the State
can intervene in religious affairs as per the
provisions of the Indian constitution.
31. (d)
Exp: Supreme Court decides upon the disputes
between centre and state as well as
disputes among the states.
Judiciary has power of judicial review to
ensure all the laws by any legislature in
India are not in violation of the
constitution.
As freedom of religion is a fundamental
right mentioned in Part III of the
constitution, judiciary has duty to protect
these from its violation.
32. (b)
Exp: There is no mention of PIL in the
constitution, though it can be traced to the
Article 32(right to constitutional remedies).
Concept of PIL signifies procedure is not
important justice is important.
33. (a)
Exp: Statement 1 is derived from Article 14 i.e.
Equality before law where all are treated
equally before law.
Statement 2 is derived from Article 15 i.e.
that prohibits discrimination.
[5]
 Statement 3 is derived from Article 19(1),
but this does not correlate with the concept
of Equality rather it signifies Liberty i.e.
freedom.
34. (a)
Exp: As per constitutional provisions,
Government has the responsibility of
ensuring welfare and protecting life of
people.
Though India produces large number of
doctors, most of them settle in urban areas.
Rural areas have low doctor-population
ratio. With such huge population of 1.3
billion even entire country falls short of
doctors everywhere.
Poor people are victims of
OR
commercialization of healthcare and the
nexus between doctors and businessmen.
They are not able to access the cheap
alternatives of same medicine in market.
35. (d)
SC
Exp: Social advertisements refer to
advertisements made by the State or
private agencies that have a larger message
for society. It does not result in rupee but
it is raise awareness about a quality of life
or a social issue. It acts with the matters
GS
of public interest such as social change,
political ideas, economic policies,
developmental programmes etc.
36. (a)
Exp: Rajya Sabha reviews and alters (if needed)
the bill passed by Lok Sabha except in case
of money bill. A bill hence needs to be
passed by both the houses.
Seats are reserved only for SCs and STs,
neither for OBCs nor for women.
2 nominated members in Lok Sabha from
Anglo-Indian community and 12 in Rajya
Sabha from Arts, Literature, Social Service
and Science.
37. (b)
Exp: Article 22 covers:
[ 6 ]
The Right to be informed at the time of
arrest of the offence for which the person
is being arrested.
The Right to be presented before a Judicial
Magistrate within 24 hours of arrest.
The Right to consult and to be defended
by a legal practitioner of his choice.
The clause - The arrestee may be permitted
to meet his lawyer during interrogation,
though not throughout the interrogation
comes under the Supreme Court guidelines
not mentioned in the Constitution.
38. (d)
Exp: Equality before Law & Equal Protection of
E
Law: It protects everyone irrespective of
his/her caste, religion, gender, etc.
Right to freedom of religion: It's not related
with rights of Dalit people, rather it relates
religious freedom of every individual and
every community.
Right against Exploitation: It protects them
against forced labour, slavery, inhumane
treatment, etc.
Right to Constitutional Remedies: This
helps in guaranteeing any fundamental
right for any citizen. So Dalits
automatically get benefited.
Cultural & Educational Rights: It is more
concerned with religious & linguistic
minorities.
39. (c)
Exp: Democracy has not spread evenly in all
parts of the world. Some continents and
regions have larger share of undemocratic
government. Democracy is based on
principle of free and fair election and
universal adult franchise.
40. (a)
Exp: The draft constitution was framed by a
team under Motilal Nehru.
41. (c)
Exp: Minimum Wages Act: Right against
Exploitation.
Answers: (Test-1)
 Environment (Protection) Act: Right to Life
Prevention of Child Labour Act: Right
against Exploitation
42. (b)
Exp: Martial Law refers to a situation where civil
administration is run by the military
authorities according to their own rules and
regulations framed outside the ordinary law.
It thus imply the suspension of ordinary law
and the government by military tribunals. It
is different from the military law that is
applicable to the armed forces.
43. (c)
Exp: Using the muscle and power of politicians
is not a democratic method.
44.
45.
(d)
(d)
OR
Exp: Privatisation of healthcare services
deprives poor from accessing good quality
SC
services.
Business houses manipulate media and its
content for their own benefit, which is
many times against the public interest.
46. (d)
GS
Exp: Rule of law means every person has to
obey the same law and no one is above
the law.
Though it was introduced by British
colonists, Indians nationalist played a
crucial role in its evolution. Indian
nationalists began protesting and
criticizing this arbitrary use of authority
by the British. Indian legal profession also
began emerging and demanded respect in
colonial courts. They began to use law to
defend the legal rights of Indians.
47. (b)
Exp: According to Article 22 of the Constitution,
every person has a Fundamental Right to
be defended by a lawyer. Article 39A of
the Constitution places a duty upon the
State to provide a lawyer to any citizen
who is unable to engage one due to poverty
or other disability.
Answers: (Test-1)
48. (d)
Exp: For fair trial accused has the right to be
present before court during the trial. The
trial held in an open court, in public view.
The trial starts with assumption that
accused is innocent. The judge should
decide the matter only on the basis of the
evidence before the court. Defence lawyer
gets opportunity to cross-examine all the
prosecution witnesses.
49. (d)
Exp: Development models being implemented
in tribal areas are not concerned of tribal
interests rather it makes tribals deprived
of their community resources.
E
Stereotypes associated with tribal culture
causes much harm to them. It leads to their
marginalisation.
Merchants & Moneylenders are usually
involved in exploitative business.
Control over forest deprives them of their
livelihood , making them economically
marginalised.
50. (d)
Exp: For democratic elections each vote should
have equal value. The constitution of India
requires that each constituency should have
roughly equal population living in it.
51. (d)
Exp: The Drawbacls are:
The election process of representative
government focuses solely on the majority.
The minority groups, are rarely
represented simply because they do not
have the majority of the votes to get an
official into office. This causes a feeling of
separation with these groups as well as
feeling like their issues are not as
important.
Further leaders are chosen by the parties
based on caste, creed and other such
factors that appeal to the poor population.
The government thus formed may more
often than not work for its own welfare
and not nation building, therefore giving
a freehand to corrupt practices in politics
and bureaucracy.
[7]
 The prospect of personal interest becoming
the predominant factor in decisions, and
negative financial implications.
In Democracy due to principle of
participation, decision making get delayed.
Autocracies or Monarchies are better at
making decisions and are likely to be better
at creating economic growth
52. (a)
Exp: A recognized party gets a unique symbol
to contest elections. It has to secure at least
six percent of the total votes and win two
seats in the legislative assembly of that a
state.
53. (c)
OR
Exp: As cottage industries can't afford to get
their products advertised on TV channels
or newspapers, their products are liked
and sold relatively less in quantity.
Those who can't afford the products
SC
advertised in TV channels feel bad about
their present lifestyle.
Common people can't express opinion
through advertisements; these are only
meant for big enterprises.
GS
Repeatedly showing same thing on TV
along with national celebrities surely
changes the mindset of many people.
54. (a)
Exp: As state has nothing to do with religion, it
will not hesitate to take actions against any
religious group dominating over others.
State has the responsibility to uphold
fundamental rights not duties. Being
secular, rights of all religious groups
especially minorities are bound to be
protected by state.
Every individual should have right to
choose his own religion, profess it and also
propagate it. This also ensure right to get
converted into another religion.
[ 8 ]
55. (c)
Exp: Cognizable offence is an offence for which
the police may arrest a person without the
permission of the court.
56. (c)
Exp: After the end of World War - 2 several
Asian and African countries emerged as
independent countries, many of them as
democracies. The disintegration of Soviet
Union resulted in formation of democratic
republics.
57. (b)
Exp: No candidate can expend Rs 70 lakh for
each Lok Sabha constituency in bigger
E
states and Rs 54 lakh in smaller states for
Lok Sabha elections is not specified under
Model Code of Conduct.
58. (c)
Exp: Under the Indian Constitution, there are
special rights to the cultural and linguistic
minorities for promotion of their culture
and language. This is a part of the
Fundamental Right under Article 29 and
30.
59. (d)
Exp: Pressure groups are organizations that
attempt to influence government policies.
But unlike political parties, pressure groups
do not aim to directly control or share
political power. These organizations are
formed when people with common
occupation, interest, aspirations or
opinions come together in order to achieve
a common objective. Many popular
democratic movements are led by pressure
groups.
60. (b)
Exp: In a democratic set up the judiciary is
independent. This is very much necessary
to protect the rights and liberties of all
involved. It is especially free from executive
control. Independent judiciary is an
essential feature of a democratic
constitution.
Answers: (Test-1)
61. (c)
Exp: Question Hour, is usually the first hour of
every sitting of the house. Usually,
members ask questions and ministers'
answer. There are three kinds of questions
viz. starred questions, un-starred questions
and short notice questions. A starred
question is distinguished by an asterisk and
needs an oral answer. Since the answer is
oral, supplementary questions might
follow a starred question. An un-starred
question requires written answer. Since the
answer is given in written, there cannot
be supplementary questions that follow an
un-stared question A question relating to
a matter of public importance of an urgent
character asked with notice shorter than
Short Notice questions are generally
answered orally.
OR
ten days is called a "Short Notice Question"
62. (c)
SC
63. (a)
Exp: There is no provision for calling the joint
session of the two houses of the
parliament.
64. (a)
GS
Exp: The central list has presently 100 subjects
whereas the state list has 61. The power
to make laws on the residuary subjects is
vested in the parliament. Education is a
concurrent subject.
65. (a)
Exp: Control over capital, employment, etc
gives the rich power to control over the
market.
Cooperatives are initiatives taken to
eliminate the exploitation by moneylenders,
merchants, etc. Here farmers, producers,
weavers, etc come together to run an
enterprise.
66. (a)
Exp: In a democracy the final decision making
power must rest with those elected by the
people.
Answers: (Test-1)
67. (a)
Exp: The Right to Equality under fundamental
rights prohibits any discrimination on the
grounds of sex. The Equal Wages Act
explicitly mentions that equal wages
should be paid for equal work to both
women and men. Article 41 is for Right to
Work.
68. (c)
Exp: It is constitutionally mandatory to hold
regular elections to the local bodies.
69. (c)
Exp: A political party is a group of people who
E
come together to contest elections and hold
power in government. They agree on some
policies and programmes for the society
with a view to promote the collective good.
They seek to implement these policies by
winning popular support through
elections. Thus parties reflect fundamental
political divisions in the society.
70. (c)
Exp: The Lok Sabha controls the Council of
Ministers. Motion of No Confidence can
only be passes by Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha
has limited powers with respect to the
budget as mentioned in second statement.
71. (c)
Exp: Just before Independence it was
announced by the British that with the end
of their rule over India, paramount of the
British crown over Princely States would
also lapse. This meant that all these states,
as many as 565 in all, would become
legally independent. The British
government took the view that all these
states were free to join either India or
Pakistan or remain independent if they so
wished. This decision was left not to the
people but to the princely rulers of these
states. This was a very serious problem and
could threaten the very existence of a
united India.
72. (d)
Exp: These principles are mentioned in
preamble.
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73. (b)
Exp: Article 51 of the Indian Constitution lays
down some Directive Principles of State
Policy on 'Promotion of international peace
and security'.
"The State shall endeavour to -
Promote international peace and security.
Maintain just and honourable relations
between nations.
Foster respect for international law and
treaty obligations in the dealings of
organised people with one another; and
Encourage settlement of international
disputes by arbitration.
74. (d)
OR
Exp: Fazl Ali commission was asked to lead the
SRC,1956. After the report, so many of old
states vanished and several new states
were created. This was done to ensure that
people who spoke a common language live
SC
in the same state though some of the sates
were created not only on the basis of
language but to recognize the differences
based upon their culture, ethnicity or even
Geography as well.
75. (c)
GS
Exp: Right Against Exploitation
Article 23 deals with the prohibition of
traffic in human beings and forced labour.
Article 24 deals with prohibition of
employment of children in factories, etc.
76. (d)
Exp: A political party is a group of people who
come together to contest in elections and
gain power in government. There is no
internal democracy within political parties
as all the parties in the world tend to gain
more power which in turn is rested in the
hands of few political leaders. They do not
have membership registers, do not conduct
meetings and do not conduct internal
elections regularly. Ordinary and sincere
members of the party do not get
information of the happenings of the party
[10]
in general. Hence, the big leaders assume
greater power in taking important
decisions of the party and they do not even
consult the members.
77. (d)
78. (c)
Exp: Negative Liberty
It is only concerned with the inviolable
area in which no external authority can
interfere.
It is not concerned with the conditions of
the society.
It is concerned with explaining the idea of
freedom from.
E
Positive Liberty
It recognizes that one can be free only in
society (not outside it) and hence tries to
make that society such that it enables the
development of the individual.
It is concerned with the enabling
conditions of the society.
It is concerned with explaining the idea of
freedom to.
79. (a)
Exp: Freedom of expression means the freedom
to express one's views and ideas freely
through speech, writing, books plays etc. It
is considered to belong to the minimum area
of non-interference. Reasonable
restrictions can be placed in the interest of:
Security of State
Friendly relations with foreign states
Public order
Decency or morality
In relation to Contempt of court
Defamation
Incitement to an offence.
Sovereignty and integrity of India (This
ground is added in Article 19(2) by
Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act
1963).
Answers: (Test-1)
 Criticism to some foreign policy are
allowed to some extent.
80. (a)
Exp: Proportionate justice: This principle
indicates rewarding people in proportion
to the scale and quality of their effort. It is
just to reward different jobs differently on
the basis of efforts and skills required and
the danger involved. Thus, proportionality
provides balance to the principle of equal
treatment. The reward and compensation
for a surgeon and an architect varies
according to the skill that is required in
their job.
81. (d)
Exp: It recognizes the right to self
determination; equality for men and
women; the right to work and favourable
conditions of work; the right to form and
join trade unions; the right to an adequate
OR Exp: It is a constitutional body. Article 324
standard of living including adequate food,
clothing and housing; the right to health
SC
and healthcare; the protection of the
family; and the right to social security.
82. (c)
Exp: It is difficult to understand PR system than
the FPTP system. That is why FPTP was
adopted for Lok Sabha Elections. In India
GS
only President election,State Legislative
Council and RajyaSabha election has the
PR system . Bi-elections are not possible
for PR system, possible only for FPTP.
83. (d)
84. (d)
Exp: It got statutory status in 1959 itself by the
act of parliament. In 1993 it got
constitutional status by 73rd amendment.
Seats are reserved for SCs, STs & women
only in Panchayats. For OBCs reservation
it is the discretion of states.
Panchayat Elections are conducted by the
State Election Commissioner.
Chief Electoral Officer of a state appointed
by Chief Election Commissioner works for
Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha,Vidhan
Parishad, President & Vice-President
election.
Answers: (Test-1)
85. (d)
Exp: People in a village are unable to access safe
drinking water and safe environment. This
is violation of Right to Life (Article
21).Supreme court too has same verdict.
People in a village are unable to avail
unskilled employment. This is a violation
of Right to Work (MNREGA Act). It is a
legal right not a fundamental right.
A Christian community is not allowed to
carry on missionary activities. This is a
violation Right to Freedom of Religion
(Article 25). They are allowed to propagate
provided they dont violate other laws or
E
rules.
86. (a)
mentions it clearly.
Chief Election Commissioner has same
power as other two commissioners. It was
done by the central government to avoid
concentration of excessive power in one
hand.
Removal procedure of Chief Commissioner
is like that of Supreme Court judge where
the motion requires two-third majority in
both houses separately and removal of
other commissioners is through the
President herself but in consent with CEC.
87. (c)
Exp: In Parliamentary form of government
council of ministers are collectively
responsible to legislature.
In parliamentary form of government
President is the de facto head. De facto
means nominal head. PM is the real head,
president is nominal head.
Parliament consists of President and both
the houses.
88. (c)
Exp: Discretionary powers of the President:
Pocket veto: in this case , the President
neither ratifies nor reject nor return the
bill, but simply keeps the bill pending for
[11]
 an indefinite period as the time limit within
which the President has to take the
decision with respect to a bill presented to
him for assent, has not been mentioned in
the constitution.
Under article 78 the President enjoys the
right to seek information from the PM
regarding the administration of the affairs
of the union.
Under the established convention, the
President has the right to warn or
encourage the Council of Minister (CoM)
in the exercise of its power.
When no political party or coalition of
parties enjoy the majority in Lok Sabha,
then the President has discretion in inviting
the leader of that party or coalition of
parties who in his opinion is able to form
OR
a stable government.
The President can dissolve Lok Sabha only
on the advice of CoM but the advice is
binding only if the government is a
majority government.
SC
A caretaker government does not enjoy
majority in Lok Sabha and hence it is not
expected to take major decisions but only
to make day-to-day administrative
decision. It is for the President to decided
GS
the day-to-day decisions.
89. (c)
Exp: Rajya Sabha never gets dissolved like Lok
Sabha. It is a permanent house. Every two
years one-third of member gets changed.
The representatives of states in the Rajya
Sabha are elected by the elected members
of state legislative assemblies. The
representatives of each union territory in
the Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected by
members of an electoral college specially
constituted for the purpose.
90. (d)
Exp: It can be arranged in case of ordinary bills
only, not required in case of money bill,
not allowed in case of money bill.
It is presided by Lok Sabha Speaker.
[12]
It cant be arranged when bill is pending
in Rajya Sabha, only when bill is rejected
by Rajya Sabha.
91. (d)
Exp: Protecting Fundamental Rights: Writ
Jurisdiction
Advises the President: Advisory
Jurisdiction
Review decisions of lower courts: Appellate
Jurisdiction
Settling Disputes between centre and states
and within states: Original Jurisdiction.
92. (d)
E
Exp: It transferred subjects like forests,
education, weights and measures except
establishments of standards, protection of
wild animals and birds from the State List
to the Concurrent List. New entry 20A was
added in Concurrent List which is
Population control and family planning.
Part IVA containing article 51A was added
to provide lists of fundamental duties of
citizens.
The preamble has been amended to
substitute the words SOVEREIGN
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, with the
words SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST
SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
and the words unity of the Nation was
substituted with unity and integrity of the
Nation.
New directives was added by new articles
39A, 43A, 48A which, respectively, provide
for equal justice and free legal aid to
economically backward classes,
participation of workers in the
management of industries, and protection
and improvement of environment and
safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
93. (b)
Exp: Provision of Due Procedure of Law from
Japan. Provision regarding trade, commerce
and intercourse from Australia and
Provision of Residuary Powers with the
centre from Canada.
Answers: (Test-1)
94. (a)
Exp: Keshvananda Bharti Case has contributed
to the evolution of the Constitution in the
following ways: It has set specific limits to
the Parliaments power to amend the
Constitution. It says that no amendment
can violate the basic structure of the
Constitution; It allows the Parliament to
amend any and all parts of the Constitution
(within this limitation); and It places the
Judiciary as the final authority in deciding
if an amendment violates basic structure
and what constitutes the basic structure.
95. (d)
Exp: Under the 73rd amendment act all States
now have a uniform three tier Panchayat
96.
Raj structure. Provided reservation to the
weaker section for contesting elections.
(d)
OR
Exp: The Election Commission has very limited
SC
staff of its own. It conducts the elections
with the help of the administrative
machinery. However, once the election
process has begun, the commission has
control over the administration as far as
election related work is concerned. During
the election process, the administrative
GS
officers of the State and central governments
are assigned election related duty and in
this respect, the Election Commission has
full control over them. The EC can transfer
the officers, or stop their transfers; it can
take action against them for failing to act
in a non-partisan manner.
97. (d)
Exp: The president appoints the Prime Minister
of India. Here s/he does not have an
independent choice in general conditions.
The president appoints the leader of
majority party or coalition of parties that
commands majority in the Lok Sabha.
Answers: (Test-1)
98. (c)
Exp: The Governor can appoint different
advisors to assist him. It is a form of
convention.
During Presidents Rule, the President
acquires the following extraordinary
powers when the Presidents Rule is
imposed in a state:
He can take up the functions of the state
government and powers vested in the
governor or any other executive authority
in the state.
He can declare that the powers of the state
E
legislature are to be exercised by the
Parliament.
He can take all other necessary steps
including the suspension of the
constitutional provisions relating to
anybody or authority in the state.
99. (a)
Exp: Cauvery Water Dispute between Kerala,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Puduchery.
100. (a)
Exp: The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act
of 2011 gave a constitutional status and
protection to co-operative societies. In this
context, it made the following three changes
in the constitution:
It made the right to form co-operative
societies a fundamental right (Article 191).
It included a new Directive Principle of
State Policy on promotion of co-operative
societies (Article 43-B2).
It added a new Part IX-B in the Constitution
which is entitled The Co-operative
Societies (Articles 243-ZH to 243-ZT).
[13]