CONTENTS

SR.NO DESCRIPTION Page No.

1 Work over Operations 2

2 Preparation of drill site 4

3 Repair of Approach road 11

4 Requirement of Shed at DTYS for the 12

storage of Heavy equipment

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Work over operations

WORKOVER

The term work over is used to refer to any kind of oil well intervention
involving invasive techniques, such as wire line, coiled tubing or snubbing.
More specifically though it will refer to the expensive process of performing
major maintenance or remedial treatments on an oil or gas well. In many
cases, workover implies the removal and replacement of the production
tubing string after the well has been killed and a workover rig has been
placed on location. Through-tubing work over operations, using coiled
tubing, snubbing or slick line equipment, are routinely conducted to complete
treatments or well service activities that avoid a full workover where the
tubing is removed. This operation saves considerable time and expense.

Oil discovered 40 years ago is the basis of current oil production. The
search for oil continues but projected oil discoveries will contribute little to
projected oil production in 2030. The declining rate of oil discoveries makes
it painfully obvious--most of the oil has already been discovered. The
technology for finding oil has improved greatly since the major discoveries,
yet little oil has been found in recent years. The heyday of oil discovery was
from 1950 to 1980. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that most of the oil
has been found. World oil production is running flat out

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So in order to meet the growing demand we need to take care of what
we have in hand i.e. our oil & gas wells for getting optimum output from
them they need to be serviced time to time so that proper reservoir
pressure is maintained and optimum oil recovery can be achieved from
the known reservoir from here onwards role of work over operations
start and this is need of the Hour. In current scenario no Economy can
afford to avoid these operations where every drop of oil count

Reason to perform a work over

Work overs rank among the most complex, difficult and expensive types of
well work there is. They are only performed if the completion of a well is
terminally unsuitable for the job at hand. The production tubing may have
become damaged due to operational factors like corrosion to the point
where well integrity is threatened. Down hole components such as tubing
retrievable down hole safety valves or electrical submersible pumps may
have malfunctioned, needing replacement.

ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEER IN WORKOVER OPERATIONS:-

Before carrying out various workover operations at the well site it has to
be cleared and prepared for Rig deployment it comprises of various
operations i.e.

a) Clearing approach road to the well site for rig movement

b) Jungle clearing in area of 70 x 40 m area for placing Activation tank,
Generators, Bunk Houses etc.
c) Cleaning of cellar pit
d) Levelling of the ground for rig and Men movement.
e) Fencing of Cluster well or SRP if either is present at well site.
f) Supplying local sand for cleaning oil sludge present at site

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WORK OVER RIG IN OPERATION AT SITE

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Name of work: - Preparation of drill site
for LM-150

STEPS IN DRILL SITE PREPARATION: -

Stacking : - term referred for joint Visit of Civil, LAQ, SST, Reservoir
personnel for location of well to be drilled with the help of a GPS
receiver, with the help of GPS receiver exact latitudes and longitudes
of the well are located on the land and With reference to the well
location required land(i.e. 110 x 110 m in most cases) is acquired with the
help of LAQ department . And approach road to the drill site is finalized
along with Transportation Deptt. Subsequently.

After Stacking of the well on land few landmarks are made on the JM
sheet with reference to the well so that it would be easy for Civil
personnel to locate exact position of the well to be spudded.

PROPOSAL FOR LAND ACUISITION: -

Once this process of stacking is complete a proposal for Acquiring land

is produced by civil personnel for rig deployment and approach road for
movement of Vehicles and this proposal is handed over to LAQ deptt by
the concerned Competent Authority

Land Acquisition

After getting proposal for the required land LAQ personnel will contact
the concerned farmer to get his land for lease to produce oil from that
field Normally it is for 20 yrs.

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Detailed Estimate

Once the land is acquired a detailed estimate is made for the drill site
depending on the Area required and Drilling Rig to be established on
the land for drilling purpose .

All the item rates are based on the PWD SOR for making detailed estimate
of the drill site then this Detailed estimate is sent to Technical cell for
checking Technical feasibility and quantity and rate verification

PR Creation: -

After making detailed estimate and getting it checked by Technical Cell a

PR is created and sent for AA& ES once getting approval a tender is
invited and then tender committee will evaluate tender documents and
work is awarded to L1 bidding agency and Letter of Acceptance & Work
order is handed over to the concerned agency to start the civil work

Civil works : -

HARDENING

Hardening at the drill site area is done to assist in easy movement of

the heavy machinery involved in the process of drilling process i.e.
trailers generators diesel tanks Carrier as most of the land used is farm
land which have soft soil strata so proper hardening is required in
order to attain a considerable bearing capacity to accommodate vehicle
movement without any hindrance

It is done in 3 layers firstly a layer of 10 cm of sand is laid to achieve a

uniform level over this a 180 mm deep layer of metal of size 90-25
mm is laid in between sand is laid over this layer to fill up the void ,
this sand also helps in bonding of the metal this layer is properly
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compacted with application of water and rolling over this layer 91mm
thick layer of 40-63 mm WBM . Blindage is spread over WBM layer.
Rolling and watering is done on this layer too. Total area under hardening is
3800 Sqm.

Rolling: -

Immediately following at spreading of the coarse aggregate, it shall be

compacted to the full width by rolling with either the three-wheel-power-roller
of 8 to 10 tonnes capacity or an equivalent vibratory roller. Initially, light
rolling is to be done, which shall be discontinued when the aggregate is
partially compacted with sufficient void space in them to permit application of
screenings.
The rolling shall begin from the edges with the roller running forward and
backward and adding the Screenings simultaneously until the edges have
been firmly compacted. The roller shall then progress gradually from the
edges to the centre, parallel to the centre line of the road and overlapping

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uniformly each preceding rear wheel track by one half width and shall
continue until the entire area of the course has been rolled by the rear
wheel. Rolling shall continue until the road metal is thoroughly keyed with no
creeping of metal ahead of the roller. Only slight sprinkling of water may be
done during rolling, if required.
On super elevated curves, the rolling shall proceed from the lower edge and
progress gradually continuing towards the upper edge of the pavement.

Application of Binding Material

After the application of screenings and rolling, a suitable binding material

shall be applied at a uniform and slow rate in two or more successive thin
layers. After each application of binding material, the surface shall be
copiously sprinkled with water and the resulting slurry swept in with hand
brooms or mechanical brooms or both so as to fill the voids properly. The
surface shall then be rolled by a 8-10 tonne roller, water being applied to the
wheels in order to wash down the binding material that may get stuck to the
wheels. The spreading of binding material, sprinkling of water, sweeping
with brooms and rolling shall continue until the slurry that is formed will, after
filling the voids form a wave ahead of wheels of the moving roller.

FOUNDATION

Size of foundation varies from Rig to rig depth

It consist of three parts

1) Carrier Strip
2) Cellar pit
3) Area around cellar pit

Strips for diesel tank, Mud tank, Compressor, Mud pump etc.
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Barite room

Barite room is constructed to store Barite at the drill site and other
costly chemical

Fire tank

Fire tank is constructed at the drill site as a safety measure for handling 1.5
lakh litre of water for fire fighting and storing water for other uses.

Utilities

Bathroom and water closet are constructed for Rig employees for
maintaining Sanitation at the site

Waste pit

Waste pit is constructed to collect all the drilling waste fluid. it is hazardous
for the environment so in order to save environment and in compliance
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with environment ministry we have to prevent this waste from entering
the sub strata so that it cant pollute the ground water and nearby soil

Capacity of Waste pit is 1.5 times depth of Well. Waste pit is lined with
geotextile silpaulin of 200 gsm to prevent leaching of Hazardous
chemical into the nearby Earth strata placing in position in finished size
and shape (ready to place with necessary eyelets/holes) jointed as per
manufacturers specifications at Factory, multi-layered cross laminated UV
stabilised plastic sheet of 200 GSM (SILPAULIN manufactured by Supreme
Industries Limited) or equivalent, blue coloured conforming to BIS 14611-
1998

Fencing

The drill site area is fenced with barbed wire fencing for restricting entry of
unauthorised persons/stray cattle in the drilling area and to protect land
from encroachment and security reasons

Specifications for Fencing with barbed wire: -

RCC post:- All posts and struts shall be of standard size, the length of posts

being 1.8 m or as specified and that of struts being minimum of 2.0 m.

These shall be cast in cement concrete 1:1 :3 (1 cement : 1 coarse
sand : 3 graded stone aggregate 12.5 mm nominal size) reinforced with 10
mm diameter tor steel bars as directed and finished smooth with cement
mortar 1:2 (1 cement: 2 fine sand). The specifications for R.C.C. work shall
apply. The posts and struts shall be free from cracks, twists and such other
defects. G.I. staples on wooden plugs or 6 mm bar nibs will be provided as
directed by Engineer-in-Charge while casting the posts. Quantity of RCC
post, struts, Rails and Pales to be measured in cubic content.

Spacing of Posts and Struts

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The spacing of posts shall be three metres centre to centre, unless
otherwise specified, or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge to suit the
dimensions of the area to be fenced. Every 15th, last but one end post and
corner posts shall be strutted on both sides and end posts on one side only.

Fixing of Posts and Struts

Pits 45 x 45 cm and 75 cm deep or as directed shall first be excavated true

to line and level to receive the posts. In the case of struts, pits 70 x 45 x 75
cm deep or as directed shall be excavated to suit the inclination of the strut
so that it is surrounded by concrete by not less than 15 cm at any point.

The pits shall be filled with a layer of 15 cm thick cement concrete 1:3:6 (1
cement: 3 fine sand: 6 graded stone aggregate 40 nominal size). The posts
and struts shall then be placed in the pits, the posts projecting 1.2 m or to
the specified height above ground, true to line and position. The cement
concrete 1:3:6 shall be filled in upto 15 cm for posts and 25 cm for struts
below ground level at the base of the concrete so that the posts are
embedded in the cement concrete block of size 45 x 45 x 60 cm and strut in
block of size 70 x 45 x 50 cm. The concrete in foundations shall be watered
for at least 7 days to ensure proper curing. The remaining portions of pits
shall be filled up with excavated earth and the surplus earth disposed off as
directed by the Engineer-in-Charge and site cleared.

Fixing G.I. Barbed Wire

The barbed wire shall be stretched and fixed in specified number of rows
and two diagonals. The bottom row shall be 14 cm above ground and the
rest at 12.5 cm centre to centre. The diagonals shall be stretched between

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adjacent posts from top wire of one post to the bottom wire of the second
post.

The diagonal wires will be interwoven with horizontal wires by fixing the odd-
rows of wires first , then the diagonal cross wires and lastly the even rows of
wires. The barbed wire shall be held to the R.C.C. posts by means of G.I.
staples fixed to wooden plugs or G.I. binding wire tied to 6 mm barnibs fixed
while casting the posts. Turn buckles and straining bolts shall be used at the
end posts, if so specified.

Name of work : - Repair of approach

road from main road to Base gate at
WSS Sertha Kalol in Area I

Estimated Cost for this work was ` 294850 workorder for this work was
awarded to Vishwakarma constructions after following the procedure of
tendering

Nature of work

From the main road to Base gate it was 56 meter long

WBM road but due to movement of heavy vehicles of WSS there were
lots of pot holes and road was of uneven surface so as per the
demand of the user group a 10 cm thick RCC road is constructed over
the existing WBM road is laid

Over the existing wbm road a 10 cm thick layer of Cement concrete

1:4:8 (1 cement :4 Coarse sand :8 hand broken stone aggregate 40 mm
nominal size ) is laid after proper watering and rolling of the surface .
Over this layer steel reinforcement is provided along the length and
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breadth of the road at 300mm spacing centre to centre after laying
reinforcement and checking the spacing between the Re-bars 1:2:4
Cement concrete (1 cement :2 Coarse sand :4 Graded stone aggregate 20
mm nominal size ) is laid and proper camber is provided for easy
passage of water from the surface of the road

Curing: - the RCC work is cured for next7 days after laying RCC

Name of work: - Requirement of Shed at

DTYS for the storage of Heavy equipment
Work requirement: -there was a requirement of a shed for storage of
heavy equipment used in drilling process with EOT crane of load
handling capacity of 10 ton along with a building to accommodate
senior officers and a conference room for holding surface teams
meeting plinth area of the building was 21 x 6m

Nature of work

Preparing estimate based on the plinth area rates as provided in the

CPWD plinth area rate schedule 2007 with cost index of 22%
(applicable for Ahmedabad) for calculation of plinth area rate the
building was designed as office building RCC framed Structure of floor
height 3.5 m extra provisions were made for making building earthquake
resistant as Gujarat lies under high Risk prone zone

After making preliminary estimate on the basis of plinth area rates and
getting AA&ES for the plinth area a detailed estimate was made using
CPWD DSOR

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