1 Slab base

2 Gussetted base
3 Column cap
1 Design a slab base for a column ISHB 350 @ 710.2 N/m subjected to an factored axial compressive load of 1500
following conditions:
a) Load is transferred to the base plate by direct bearing of column flanges
b) Load is transferred to the base plate by welded connections; the column end and the base plate are not mach
Whether anchor bolts are required?
The base rests on concrete pedestal of grade M20.
Consider Fe410 grade steel and 4.6 grade bolts.

For Fe 410 grade steel, fu = 410

fy = 250

For 4.6 grade bolts fub = 400

Partial safety factor for material, shop welded mw = 1.25

m0 = 1.1

For M20 grade concrete: Bearing strength of concrete = 0.45 fck

= 0.45 x 20
= 9.0

Factored load = 1500

The relevant properties of the section are, D = 350

bf = 250
tf = 11.6
tw = 10.1

Required area of the base slab A = Load

Stress

= 1500 x 10^3
9.0

= 166666.667

Let us provide a rectangular base plate with sides L and B.

Assuming the overhangs of the base plate beyond column flanges to be 'a' and 'b'.
Let a = b.

Area of the base plate = LxB

= (D + 2a) x (bf + 2b)
166666.7 = (350 + 2a) x (250 + 2a)

166666.7 = 87500 + 700 a + 500 a + 4 a 2

166666.7 = 4 a2 + 1200 a + 87500
4 a + 1200 a + 87500 - 166666.7 =
2
0
4 a2 + 1200 a - 79166.7 = 0
 a = -1200 (12002 - (4 x 4 x (-79

Solving, a = 55.65
Provide a 60

L = 350 + 2 x 60
470

B = 250 + 2 x 60
370

The bearing pressure of concrete, w = P = 1500 x 10^3

A1 470 x 370

= 8.63
Hence, safe.

Thickness of slab base, ts = (2.5 w (a2 - 0.3 b2) m0 / fy)

= [2.5 x 8.63 x (60^2 - 0.3 x 60

= 15.47
Hence, Ok.

a) The load is transferred to the base plate by direct bearing. This implies that the column end and base plate ha
for perfect bearing. Also, there is no bending moment. Therefore, connection of column with the base need not
However, to keep the column in position, two cleat angles of nominal size 55 x 55 x 8 mm may be provided conn
column flanges with the base plate as shown in figure below.
4 number of M16 structural bolts of grade 8.8 shall be
used to connect the cleat angles to the flanges.
Provide two numbers of nominal 20 mm dia
anchor bolts to keep the base plate in position.

b) Column end and bse plate have not been machined for perfect bearing. Therefore, the load from the column
to the base plate through the welded connection.
Length available for welding around column profile,
La = 2 x 250 + 2 x (250 - 10.1) + 2 x
= 1633.4

Let us provide size fillet weld (S) = 8mm. Since welding will not be possible at toes and roots of the ISHB section
be subtracted at the end of each fillet weld length to get the effective length that can be provided.

Number of total end returns = 12

Effective length that can be provided = 1633.4 - 12 x (2 x 8)

 = 1441.4

Size of the weld S = 8

Effective throat thickness tt = KS
= 0.7 x 8
= 5.6

Strength of weld per mm length = 1 tt fu

3 mw

= 1x5.6x410
3 x 1.25

= 2296
2.17

= 1058.06

Required length of weld = 1500 x 10^3

1058.06

= 1417.68
Hence, Ok.

Provide two numbers of nominal 20 mm dia anchor bolts to keep the base plate in position.
al compressive load of 1500 kN for the

the base plate are not machined for bearing.

Mpa (Table 1 of IS-800 - 2007 - p:14

Mpa

Mpa (Table 3 of IS-1367(3) - p:6

(Table 5 of IS-800 - 2007 - p:30 or m1

(Cl. 34.4 of IS 456 - 2000 - p:66

N/mm2

kN

mm
mm
mm
mm

mm2

D + 2a) x (bf + 2b)

350 + 2a) x (250 + 2a)

7500 + 700 a + 500 a + 4 a2

a2 + 1200 a + 87500
1200 (12002 - (4 x 4 x (-79166.7)))
2x4

mm
mm

mm

mm

N/mm2 < 9.0 N/mm2

(2.5 w (a2 - 0.3 b2) m0 / fy) > tf (Cl: 7.4.3.1 of IS 800-2007 p:47

[2.5 x 8.63 x (60^2 - 0.3 x 60^2) x 1.1 / 250]

mm > 11.6 mm

olumn end and base plate have been machined

umn with the base need not be designed.
8 mm may be provided connecting the

e, the load from the column will be transferred

x 250 + 2 x (250 - 10.1) + 2 x (350 - 2 x 11.6)

mm

nd roots of the ISHB section, end returns (2S) will have to

an be provided.

633.4 - 12 x (2 x 8)
mm

mm
(Cl.10.5.3.2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:78

mm

N/mm (Cl.10.5.7.1.1 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:79

N/mm

mm < 1441.4 mm
2 A column ISHB 350 @ 661.2 N/m subjected to an factored axial compressive load of 1700 kN.
Design a suitable welded gusset base.
The base rests on concrete pedestal of grade M15.
Consider Fe410 grade steel and 4.6 grade bolts.

For Fe 410 grade steel, fu = 410

fy = 250

For 4.6 grade bolts fub = 400

Partial safety factor for material, shop welded mw = 1.25

Partial safety factor for material, site welded mw = 1.5
m0 = 1.1

For M15 grade concrete: Bearing strength of concrete = 0.45 fck

= 0.45 x 15
= 6.75

Factored load = 1700

The relevant properties of the section are, D = 350

bf = 250
tf = 11.6
tw = 8.3

Gusset plates can be arranged in two ways as shown in fig 'a(i)' and 'b(i)' below:

a) Let us use configuration shown in fig a(ii).

Required area of the base slab A = Load

Stress
 = 1700 x 10^3
6.8

= 251851.852

Let us provide the gusset plate height equal to 200 mm at the column flanges and reduce it gradually to 100 mm
edges of base plate as shown in fig.
The thickness of the gusset plate should be less than the thickness of the column flange. So let us provide 12 m
The width of the base plate should be kept minimum so as to keep the cantilever portion of the base plate as sm

Height of gusset plate at flanges = 200

Height of gusset plate at ends = 100

Actual Minimum width of the base plate, B = bf + 2 x (12 + 10 + 50)

= 250 + 2 x (12 + 10 + 50)
= 394
Let us provide, B 400

Then the length of base plate L = 251851.852

400

= 629.62963
L 630

The bearing pressure of concrete, w = P = 1700 x 10^3

A1 630 x 400

= 6.746
Hence, Ok.

Check for buckling of compression edge of gusset plate,

= (250/fy)
= (250/250)
= 1

Length of gusset plate between column flanges, D = 350

D/tg = 350 / 12
= 29.17
Hence, Ok.

Outstand of gusset plate from the column flange, = L-D

2

= 630 - 350
2

= 140

The slant edge of the outstand So = (140^2 + (200 - 100)^2)

 172

Permissible outstand = 13.6 tg

= 13.6 x 1 x 12
= 163.2
Not Ok.

Hence, increase the thickness of gusset plate to 15 mm, then

Permissible outstand = 13.6 x 1 x 15

= 204
Hence, Ok.

Thickness of base plate:

The critical section x-x for cantilever moment will lie at the toes of column flanges,

c1 = 400 - 250
2

= 75

Maximum moment = w c12

2

= 6.746 x 75^2
2

= 18973.12

Moment capacity of base plate per mm length Mdb = 1.2 fy Ze

m0

= 1.2 x 250 x 1 x tb2

1.1 6

18973.12 = 45.45

tb = 20.43
22
Hence, Ok.

Let us provide 630 x 400 x 22 mm size base plate.

Connection of column flanges with gusset plate:

Assuming the column end, base plate and gusset plate to be machined for perfect bearing, 50% of the load will
directly and the connections will be designed for remaining 50% of the load.
Load for design of connection for one gusset plate = 1/2 x 1700/2

= 425

Gusset plate connection with column flanges

Design load = 425

Length available to accommodate weld = 2 x 200

= 400
Fillet weld connection is shown below in fig. a(iv):

Let us try a weld size S = 8

Effective throat thickness tt = KS
= 0.7 x 8
= 5.6

Strength of shop weld per mm length, = 1 tt fu

3 mw

= 1x5.6x410
3 x 1.25

= 2296
2.17

= 1058.06

Required length of weld = 425 x 10^3

1058.06

= 401.68
Not Ok.
Therefore increase the height of the gusset plate from 200 mm to 210 mm.
The revised sketch is shown in fig.
Connection of gusset plate with base plate:

Design load = 425

Length available for welding = 2 x 630 + 2 x (630 - 350)

= 1820

Let us try a weld size S = 5

Effective throat thickness tt = KS
= 0.7 x 5
= 3.5

Strength of site weld per mm length, = 1 tt fu

3 mw

= 1x3.5x410
3 x 1.5

= 1435
2.6

= 551.92

Required length of weld = 425 x 10^3

551.92

= 770.03
Hence, Ok.

Since the base is subjected to only axial compressive load and there is no bending moment, the base is not subj
to tension in any of its parts. Therefore, provide nominal 20 mm diameter bolts, two in numbers to keep the bas
plate in position.

b) Let us use configuration shown in fig b(i) and b(ii).

Required area of the base slab A = 251851.852

Let us assume thickness of gusset plate tg = 15

Height of gusset plate at flanges = 150
Height of gusset plate at ends = 100

Actual Minimum width of the base plate, B = bf + 2 x (15 + 10 + 50)

= 250 + 2 x (15 + 10 + 50)
= 400
Let us provide, B 420

Then the length of base plate L = 251851.852

420

L = 599.647266
L 600

The bearing pressure of concrete, w = P = 1700 x 10^3

A1 600 x 420

= 6.746
Hence, Ok.

Check for buckling of compression edge of gusset plate,

= (250/fy)
= (250/250)
= 1

Since gusset plate is welded to the column flange through the width, the buckling in this portion need not be ch

Outstaned of gusset plate from the column flange, = L - Bf

2

= 600 - 250
2

= 175

The slant edge of the outstand So = (175^2 + (150 - 100)^2)

182

Permissible outstand = 13.6 tg

= 13.6 x 1 x 15
= 204
Hence, Ok.

Thickness of base plate:

The critical section x-x for cantilever moment will lie at the toes of column flanges,
 c1 = 420 - 350
2

= 35

Maximum moment = w c12

2

= 6.746 x 35^2
2

= 4131.92

Moment capacity of base plate per mm length Mdb = 1.2 fy Ze

m0

= 1.2 x 250 x 1 x tb2

1.1 6

4131.92 = 45.45

tb = 9.53
Provide 16
Hence, Ok.

Let us provide 600 x 420 x 16 mm size base plate.

Connection of column flanges with gusset plate:

Assuming the column end, base plate and gusset plate to be machined for perfect bearing, 50% of the load will
directly and the connections will be designed for remaining 50% of the load.

Load for design of connection for one gusset plate = 1/2 x 1700/2

= 425

Gusset plate connection with column flanges

Design load = 425

Length available to accommodate weld = 2 x 150 + 250

= 550

Let us try a weld size S = 6

Effective throat thickness tt = KS
= 0.7 x 6
= 4.2

Strength of shop weld per mm length, = 1 tt fu

 3 mw

= 1x4.2x410
3 x 1.25

= 1722
2.17

= 793.55

Required length of weld = 425 x 10^3

793.55

= 535.57
Hence, Ok.

Connection of gusset plate with base plate:

Design load = 425

Length available for welding = 2 x 600 + 2 x (600 - 250)

= 1900

Let us try a weld size S = 5

Effective throat thickness tt = KS
= 0.7 x 5
= 3.5

Strength of shop weld per mm length, = 1 tt fu

3 mw

= 1x3.5x410
3 x 1.5

= 1435
2.6

= 551.92

Required length of weld = 425 x 10^3

551.92

= 770.03
Hence, Ok.

Since the base is subjected to only axial compressive load and there is no bending moment, the base is not subj
to tension in any of its parts. Therefore, provide nominal 20 mm diameter bolts, two in numbers to keep the bas
plate in position.
Mpa (Table 1 of IS-800 - 2007 - p:14
Mpa

Mpa (Table 3 of IS-1367(3) - p:6

(Table 5 of IS-800 - 2007 - p:30 or m1

(Cl. 34.4 of IS 456 - 2000 - p:66

N/mm2

kN

mm
mm
mm
mm
 mm2

duce it gradually to 100 mm towards the

ge. So let us provide 12 mm thick gusset plate.

tion of the base plate as small as possible.

mm (Assumed
mm (Assumed

f
+ 2 x (12 + 10 + 50) (10 - weld clearance, 50 - anchor bolt clearance
50 + 2 x (12 + 10 + 50)
mm
mm

mm

mm
mm

N/mm2 < 6.75 N/mm2

(Table 2, Note 2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p: 18

mm

< 29.3 (Table 2, Class 1, Row 3

mm

(140^2 + (200 - 100)^2)

 mm

(Table 2, Class 3, Row 2

3.6 x 1 x 12
mm < 172 mm

3.6 x 1 x 15
mm > 172 mm

mm

.746 x 75^2

Nmm

.2 x 250 x 1 x tb2
1.1 6

tb 2

mm
mm > 11.6 mm

aring, 50% of the load will pass

/2 x 1700/2

kN

kN

(2 x Height of gusset at flange

mm

mm
(Cl.10.5.3.2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:78

mm

N/mm (Cl.10.5.7.1.1 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:79

N/mm

mm > 400
 kN

x 630 + 2 x (630 - 350)

mm

mm
(Cl.10.5.3.2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:78

mm

N/mm (Cl.10.5.7.1.1 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:79

N/mm

mm < 1820

oment, the base is not subjected

n numbers to keep the base

mm2 (From Part (a)

mm
 mm (Assumed
mm (Assumed

f
+ 2 x (15 + 10 + 50) (10 - weld clearance, 50 - anchor bolt clearance
50 + 2 x (15 + 10 + 50)
mm
mm

mm

mm
mm

N/mm2 < 6.75 N/mm2

(Table 2, Note 2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p: 18

his portion need not be checked.

mm

(175^2 + (150 - 100)^2)

mm

(Table 2, Class 3, Row 2

3.6 x 1 x 15
mm > 182 mm
 mm

.746 x 35^2

Nmm

.2 x 250 x 1 x tb2
1.1 6

tb 2

mm
mm > 11.6 mm

aring, 50% of the load will pass

/2 x 1700/2

kN

kN

x 150 + 250 (2 x Height of gusset at flange

mm

mm
(Cl.10.5.3.2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:78

mm

N/mm (Cl.10.5.7.1.1 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:79

 N/mm

mm < 550

kN

x 600 + 2 x (600 - 250)

mm

mm
(Cl.10.5.3.2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:78

mm

N/mm (Cl.10.5.7.1.1 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:79

N/mm

mm < 1900

oment, the base is not subjected

n numbers to keep the base
3 A roof truss is supported over a column ISHB 300 @ 576.83 N/m and transfers following factored loads under
the load combinations of DL + LL and DL + WL, respectively.
Compressive force, P1 = 100 kN downwards due to DL + LL
Tensile force, P2 = 60 kN uplift due to DL + WL
Design the column cap. Use Fe 410 grade steel.

For Fe 410 grade steel, fu = 410

fy = 250

For 4.6 grade bolts fub = 400

Partial safety factor for material, shop welded mw = 1.25

Partial safety factor for material, site welded mw = 1.5
m0 = 1.1

Downward force due to DL + LL P1 = 100

Uplift due to DL + WL P2 60

The relevant properties of the section are, D = 300

bf = 250
tf = 10.6
tw = 7.6

Let us provide 20 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6 for connecting truss shoe plate with the column cap.
Bolt diameter d = 20
Minimum edge distance e = 33

Size of cap plate:

Length of cap plate = 300 + 2 x (2 x 33)
= 432
Length provided 440

Width of cap plate = 250 + 2 x (2 x 33)

= 382
Width provided 390

Let us provide 440 mm x 390 mm column cap.

The projection of cap plate beyond column flanges to be 'a' and 'b' along the depth and width directions.

Larger projection along depth of column section a = (440 - 300) / 2

= 70

Smaller projection along breadth of column section b = (390 - 250) / 2

= 70

Unit pressure, w = P = Load

A1 Area
 = 100 x 10^3
440 x 390

= 0.583

Thickness of cap, tc = (2.5 w (a2 - 0.3 b2) m0 / fy)

tc = [2.5 x 0.583 x (70^2 - 0.3 x

tc = 4.69
Not Ok.

Required thickness is very small of the order of 5 mm and to make it equal to thickness of flange, let us provide
cap plate.
Hence, provide a column cap of size 440 x 390 x 10 mm.
The truss shoe plate will also be kept of the same size.

Connection of column cap with column top:

Length available for welding around column profile,

La = 2 x 250 + 2 x (250 - 7.6) + 2 x
= 1542.4

Since welding will not be possible at toes and roots of the ISHB section, end returns (2S) will have to
be subtracted at the end of each fillet weld length to get the effective length that can be provided.

Let us assume, the weld size S = 3

Number of total end returns = 12

Effective length that can be provided = 1542.4 - 12 x (2 x 3)

= 1470.4

Effective throat thickness tt = KS

= 0.7 x 3
= 2.1

Strength of site weld per mm length = 1 tt fu

3 mw

= 1x2.1x410
3 x 1.5

= 861
2.6

= 331.15

Required length of weld = 100 x 10^3

331.15
 = 301.97
Hence, Ok.

Connection of column cap with truss shoe plate:

Bolts will be designed for the tensile force of 60 kN

Tensile strength Tdb of 20 mm dia bolt,

Tdb = Tnb / mb

Tnb = 0.9 fub Anb

For M20 dia bolts, Anb = 245

Asb = 314

Tnb = 0.9 x 400 x 245

= 88200
= 88.2

fyb Asb mb / m0 = 250 x 314 x 1.25 / 1.10

= 89204.5455
= 89.2
Hence,
Tnb = 88.2

Tdb = Tnb / mb = 88.2 / 1.25

= 70.56

Number of bolts required n = 60 / 70.56

= 0.85034014
1

However, provide as a minimum 4 numbers of 20 mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6, one on each corner of the co
wing factored loads under

Mpa (Table 1 of IS-800 - 2007 - p:14

Mpa

Mpa (Table 3 of IS-1367(3) - p:6

(Table 5 of IS-800 - 2007 - p:30 or m1

kN
kN

mm
mm
mm
mm

th the column cap.

mm
mm (Cl: 10.2.4.2 of IS 800 - 2007 -Assuming rolled edge

00 + 2 x (2 x 33)
mm
mm

50 + 2 x (2 x 33)
mm
mm

and width directions.

440 - 300) / 2
mm

390 - 250) / 2
mm
 N/mm2

(2.5 w (a2 - 0.3 b2) m0 / fy) > tf (Cl: 7.4.3.1 of IS 800-2007 p:47

[2.5 x 0.583 x (70^2 - 0.3 x 70^2) x 1.1 / 250]

mm < 10.6 mm

ess of flange, let us provide 10 mm as thickness of

x 250 + 2 x (250 - 7.6) + 2 x (300 - 2 x 10.6)

mm

(2S) will have to

n be provided.

mm

542.4 - 12 x (2 x 3)
mm

(Cl.10.5.3.2 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:78

mm

N/mm (Cl.10.5.7.1.1 of IS - 800 - 2007 - p:79

N/mm
 mm < 1470.4 mm

(Cl. 10.4.5 of IS-800-2007, p:77

fyb Asb mb / m0

mm2
mm2

.9 x 400 x 245
N
kN

50 x 314 x 1.25 / 1.10

N
kN > 88.2 kN

kN

kN

ne on each corner of the column cap.