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Film Boiling
Heat transfer is by conduction and radiation across the vapor
blanket
A reduction in qs follows the cooling the cooling
curve continuously to the Leidenfrost point corresponding to the
for film boiling.
minimum heat flux qmin
A reduction in qs below qmin causes an abrupt reduction in
surface temperature to the nucleate boiling regime
g l v
3
c p ,l Te
1/ 2
qs l h fg n
C h Pr
s , f fg l
Cs , f , n Surface/Fluid Combination (
g l v
1/ 4
qmax 0.149h fg v
v2
Film Boiling
g l v hfg D 3
1/ 4
Nu D h conv D
C
kv k
v v s T Tsat
Geometry C
Cylinder(Hor.) 0.62
Sphere 0.67
8.5 Condensation: General considerations
Condensation occurs when the temperature of a vapour is
reduced below its saturation temperature
Condensation heat transfer
Film condensation
Dropwise condensation
y
y
y
x
Tsat x
y
u u
A g A A
l y y A
l y yy
T
( v )gAy
l
1/ 4
4 xk l (Tsat Tw ) l
( x)
h fg g ( l v )
1/ 4
h fg g ( l v )k l3
h( x )
4 x (Tsat Tw ) l
1/ 4
h fg g ( l v )k l3
Average coeff. hL 0.943
L(Tsat Tw ) l
where L is the plate length.
Total heat transfer rate : q hL A(Tsat Tw )
q h A(Tsat Tw )
Condensation rate : m L
h fg h fg